Lubis, Siti Faza Mirrah and Prof. Dr. Ir. Bambang Tri Rahardjo (2022) Pengaruh Aplikasi Pupuk Nitrogen, Fosfat, Dan Kalium Terhadap Biologi Dan Statistik Demografi Nezara Viridula Pada Polong Kedelai. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kedelai adalah salah satu bahan pangan pokok yang banyak dikonsumsi karena kandungan protein, karbohidrat, dan lemaknya yang tinggi. Akan tetapi, produksi kedelai di Indonesia terus menurun, sehingga harus ditingkatkan melalui pemupukan. Namun diketahui, bahwa pemberian pupuk urea, fosfat, dan kalium dapat mempengaruhi kandungan nitrogen, protein, karbohidrat, dan lemak dalam biji, sehingga sesuai bagi serangga penghisap polong. Kepik hijau (Nezara viridula L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)) merupakan salah satu hama penting kedelai. Kesesuaian pakan dapat mendorong pertumbuhan populasinya. Melalui statistik demografi, maka dapat diketahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk pada kedelai terhadap populasi N. viridula. Terbatasnya informasi mengenai pengaruh aplikasi pupuk nitrogen, fosfat, dan kalium pada tanaman kedelai terhadap populasi N. viridula maka perlu dilakukannya pengamatan biologi dan statistik demografi agar dapat diketahui strategi pemupukan yang tepat untuk mencegah ledakan populasi N. viridula. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari–Juni 2022 di Laboratorium Hama Tumbuhan 3 dan rumah kawat milik Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya. Penelitian yang dilaksanakan meliputi penanaman kedelai, perbanyakan N. viridula, pengamatan harian pada biologi N. viridula, perhitungan parameter statistik demografi N. viridula, dan pengujian polong kedelai dengan analisis proksimat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan saat penanaman kedelai, yaitu tanpa pupuk (kontrol atau P0), pupuk nitrogen (P1), pupuk fosfat (P2), dan pupuk kalium (P3) dengan dosis 50 kg/ha pada setiap perlakuan pupuk. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 360 satuan percobaan serangga dengan variabel pengamatan biologi yaitu rataan waktu fase nimfa instar-2 hingga instar-5, lama hidup imago, siklus hidup imago betina, dan keperidian imago betina, sedangkan parameter statistik demografi terdiri dari nilai laju reproduksi kotor (GRR), laju reproduksi bersih (Ro), laju pertumbuhan intrinsik (r), rataan masa generasi (T), dan waktu berlipat ganda (DT). Data yang diperoleh pada biologi dan parameter statistik demografi N. viriula diuji dengan analisis sidik ragam pada taraf 5% dan apabila terdapat adanya pengaruh, maka dilakukan uji lanjut BNJ pada taraf 5% dengan perangkat lunak Microsoft Excel dan SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa polong kedelai yang ditanam dengan aplikasi pupuk nitrogen, fosfat, dan kalium mempengaruhi beberapa variabel pengamatan biologi dan statistik demografi N. viridula. Pemberian pupuk nitrogen pada tanaman kedelai menghasilkan polong yang dapat mempercepat siklus hidup dan lama hidup, serta meningkatkan keperidian imago betina N. viridula bila dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Pemberian pupuk nitrogen pada tanaman kedelai juga menghasilkan polong yang dapat meningkatkan nilai GRR dan nilai r, serta dapat mempersingkat waktu berlipat ganda N. viridula. Aplikasi pupuk nitrogen pada tanaman kedelai dapat meningkatkan kandungan protein, karbohidrat, dan lemak pada polong kedelai
English Abstract
Soybeans are one of the staple foods that are widely consumed because of their high protein, carbohydrate and fat content. However, soybean production in Indonesia continues to decline, so it must be increased through fertilization. However, it is known that the application of urea, phosphate, and potassium fertilizers can affect the nitrogen, protein, carbohydrate, and fat content in the seeds, making them suitable for pod-sucking insects. Green stinkbug (Nezara viridula L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)) is one of the important soybean pests. The suitability of feed can encourage population growth. Through demographic statistics, it can be seen the effect of fertilizer application on soybeans on the population of N. viridula. Limited information regarding the effect of application of nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium fertilizers on soybean plants on the population of N. viridula, it is necessary to conducted biological observations and demographic statistics to determine the appropriate fertilization strategy to prevent out break of N. viridula. The research was conducted from January–June 2022 at the Plant Pest 3 Laboratory and wire house of the Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University. The research carried out included planting, preparation of N. viridula, daily observations on the biology of N. viridula, calculation of demographic statistics parameters of N. viridula, and tested the soybeans with proximate analysis. The research was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications when planting soybeans, without fertilizer (control or P0), nitrogen fertilizer (P1), phosphate (P2), and potassium fertilizer (P3) within 50 kg/ha dose in each fertilizer treatment. The research was carried out on 360 experimental units of insects with biological observation variables, that was the average time on 2nd to 5th instar of nymph phase, longevity of adults, the life cycle of female adults, and the fecundity of the female, while the statistical parameters consisted of the values of growth reproduction rate (GRR), net reproduction rate (Ro), intrinsic rate (r), mean generation time (T), and doubling time (DT). The data obtained on the biological and demographic statistical parameters of N. viriula were tested by analysis of variance at the 5% level and if there were any vary, and if there was an effect, then further BNJ test was carried out at the 5% level by used Microsoft Excel and SPSS 25. The results showed that soybean pods grown with nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium fertilizer application affected several observational variables and demographic statistics of N. viridula. The application of nitrogen fertilizer to soybean produced pods that could accelerate the life cycle and longevity, and increase the fecundity of female N. viridula when compared to other pod treatments. The application of nitrogen fertilizer to soybean also produced pods that could increased the GRR and r values, and shortened the time for N. viridula to multiply. Application of nitrogen fertilizer on soybean plants can increase the protein, carbohydrate, and fat content in soybean pods
Other obstract
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Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
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Identification Number: | 0522040307 |
Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests > 632.6 Animal pests |
Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
Date Deposited: | 12 Jan 2023 02:35 |
Last Modified: | 12 Jan 2023 02:35 |
URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/196617 |
Text (DALAM MASA EMBARGO)
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