Pengaruh Tumbuhan Liar Berbunga Terhadap Keanekaragaman Musuh Alami Pada Ekosistem Tanaman Tebu

Nurlinda, - and Prof. Dr. Ir. Bambang Tri Rahardjo, and Dr. Mochammad Syamsul Hadi, (2022) Pengaruh Tumbuhan Liar Berbunga Terhadap Keanekaragaman Musuh Alami Pada Ekosistem Tanaman Tebu. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Produksi gula di Indonesia saat ini belum dapat memenuhi konsumsi gula nasional, dikarenakan kebutuhan gula terus meningkat. namun tidak diiringi dengan produksi yang meningkat. Salah satu kendala budidaya tanaman tebu yang dapat menurunkan hasil produksi yaitu adanya serangan hama. Timbulnya suatu serangan hama diakibatkan oleh rendahnya keanekaragaman hayati di pertanaman tebu. Salah satu alternatif pengendalian hama dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan faktor pengendali yang sudah ada di alam. Teknik pengendalian hayati dapat dilakukan memanfaatkan musuh alami yang berperan dalam mengendalikan perkembangan populasi hama dengan cara mengkonservasi tumbuhan liar berbunga di sekitar pertanaman tebu. Tumbuhan liar berbunga yang tumbuh di area pertanaman berfungsi sebagai tempat berlindung, inang alternatif serta makanan tambahan seperti tepung sari dan nektar bagi musuh alami. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh tumbuhan liar berbunga terhadap keanekaragaman, kemerataan, kekayaan, dominasi, dan kelimpahan musuh alami pada ekosistem tanaman tebu. Kegiatan penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2021 sampai April 2022. Tempat pelaksanaan penelitian yaitu di Instalasi Penelitian Dan Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (IP2TP) Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat (Balittas), Karangploso, Malang. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif yakni dengan melakukan pengumpulan data, menganalisis data dan menginterpretasikan data. Hasil dari pengambilan sampel kemudian identifikasi menggunakan bantuan buku Pengenalan Pelajaran Serangga Edisi keenam dan buku Hymenoptera of the World. Hasil identifikasi musuh alami kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Indeks keanekaragaman (H’), Indeks Kemerataan (E), Indeks Kekayaan (R), Indeks Dominasi (D), Indeks Kelimpahan, dan menggunakan Uji T dengan taraf kesalahan 5%. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi secara keseluruhan menunjukkan bahwa jumlah musuh alami paling banyak ditemukan pada lahan tebu dengan tumbuhan liar berbunga dengan 18 jenis musuh alami sebanyak 2065 individu, sedangkan lahan tanpa tumbuhan liar berbunga ditemukan 9 jenis musuh alami sebanyak 682 individu. Indeks keanekaragaman pada lahan tebu dengan tumbuhan liar berbunga memiliki nilai H’= 2,3 termasuk kategori sedang, E = 0,84 termasuk kategori hampir merata, R = 2,65 termasuk kategori rendah, dan D = 0,1 termasuk kategori rendah. Sedangkan indeks keanekaragaman pada lahan tebu tanpa tumbuhan liar berbunga memiliki nilai H’= 1,66 termasuk kategori sedang, E = 0,9 termasuk kategori hampir merata, R = 1,16 termasuk kategori rendah, dan D = 0,19 termasuk kategori rendah. Berdasarkan hasil Uji T terdapat perbedaan rerata populasi musuh alami pada lahan tebu dengan dan tanpa tumbuhan liar berbunga yang berbeda nyata (t hitung > t tabel) yaitu t hitung sebesar 6,343 dan t tabel 2,144.

English Abstract

Sugar production in Indonesia is currently unable to meet the national sugar consumption, because the demand for sugar continues to increase. but not accompanied by increased production. One of the obstacles to sugarcane cultivation that can reduce production yields is the presence of pests. The emergence of a pest attack is caused by the low biodiversity in sugarcane plantations. One alternative pest control can be done by utilizing control factors that already exist in nature. Biological control techniques can be carried out utilizing natural enemies that play a role in controlling the development of pest populations by conserving wild flowering plants around sugarcane plantations, because wild flowering plants that grow in the plantation area serve as shelter, alternative hosts and additional food such as pollen and nectar for natural enemies. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of flowering wild plants on the diversity, evenness, richness, dominance, and abundance of natural enemies in sugarcane ecosystems. The research activity was carried out from December 2021 to April 2022. The place for the research was at the Agricultural Technology Research and Assessment Installation (IP2TP) Research Institute for Sweetener and Fiber Crops (Balittas), Karangploso, Malang. This research is descriptive quantitative by collecting data, analyzing data and interpreting data. The results of the sampling were then identified using the book Introduction to Insect Lessons, the sixth edition and the book Hymenoptera of the World. The results of the identification of natural enemies were then analyzed using the Diversity Index (H'), Evenness Index (E), Wealth Index (R), Dominance Index (D), Abundance Index, and using the T test with an error rate of 5%. Based on the overall identification results, it shows that the highest number of natural enemies is found in sugarcane fields with flowering wild plants with 18 types of natural enemies as many as 2065 individuals, while land without flowering wild plants found 9 types of natural enemies as many as 682 individuals. The diversity index on sugarcane fields with flowering wild plants has a value of H'= 2.3 including the medium category, E = 0.84 including the almost evenly distributed category, R = 2.65 including the low category, and D = 0.1 including the low category. While the diversity index in sugarcane fields without flowering wild plants has a value of H'= 1.66 including the medium category, E = 0.9 including the almost evenly distributed category, R = 1.16 including the low category, and D = 0.19 including the low category. Based on the results of the T test, there were differences in the mean population of natural enemies on sugarcane fields with and without wild flowering plants that were significantly different (t count > t table), namely t count of 6.343 and t table of 2.144

Other obstract

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Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0522040270
Subjects:	600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests > 632.6 Animal pests
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman
Depositing User:	Nur Cholis
Date Deposited:	03 Jan 2023 07:03
Last Modified:	03 Jan 2023 07:03
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/196555

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