Irawan, Mei and Dr. Akhmad Rizali, (2022) Keanekaragaman Dan Kelimpahan Laba-Laba (Arachnida: Araneae) Pada Sistem Padi Kompleks Di Desa Sukorejo, Kab. Malang, Jawa Timur. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman padi merupakan komoditas tanaman pangan penghasil beras yang memiliki peranan penting dalam kehidupan ekonomi Indonesia. Konsumsi padi masyarakat Indonesia terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Namun, kebutuhan beras tersebut tidak selalu terpenuhi, hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa hal, seperti adanya serangan hama dan penyakit, harga beras yang selalu fluktuasi, perubahan kondisi lingkungan, dan pengelolaan lahan yang kurang tepat. Sehingga diperlukan sistem yang disamping dapat mengelola agroekosistem, juga dapat menambah pendapatan petani. Salah satu contohnya yaitu dengan penerapan sistem padi kompleks. Sistem padi kompleks adalah inovasi cemerlang yang digunakan dalam pemanfaatan keanekaragaman hayati dalam sistem budidaya padi dengan mengintegrasikan azolla, ikan, bebek dan tanaman pematang (para-para). Sistem pertanian ini dapat mendukung keberadaan musuh alami, salah satunya yaitu laba-laba. Laba-laba (Arachinda: Araneae) adalah salah satu agen biologi yang sangat potensial dalam pengendalian hama serangga pada ekosistem habitat persawahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan laba-laba dan mengetahui pengaruh sistem padi kompleks terhadap keanekaragaman, kelimpahan, dan komposisi spesies laba-laba. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2021 sampai April 2022 di lahan sawah Desa Sukorejo, Kecamatan Gondanglegi, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur. Perlakuan terdiri 3 perlakuan sistem padi kompleks dan 1 sistem konvensional (kontrol). Perlakuan tersebut yaitu perlakuan tanaman padi yang diintegrasikan dengan ikan dan azolla (P1), perlakuan tanaman padi yang diintegrasikan dengan para-para gambas dan azolla (P2), perlakuan tanaman padi yang diintegrasikan dengan bebek dan para-para labu (P3). Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode farmcop (metode hisap), perangkap pitfall dan metode visual. Sampel laba-laba yang diperoleh diidentifikasi hingga tingkat morfospesies. Data habitat sekitar lahan didapatkan berdasarkan wawancara dengan pemilik lahan dan observasi lahan. Pengambilan data pendukung yaitu suhu dan kelembaban relatif melalui sumber BMKG Kabupaten Malang 2022. Pengaruh perlakuan sistem padi kompleks terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan laba-laba dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam. Sedangkan hubungan suhu dan kelembaban dan keberadaan serangga herbivora dengan keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan laba-laba dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi. Analisis kemiripan dan non-metric multidimensional scaling juga digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan komposisi spesies laba-laba. Analisis data menggunakan bantuan perangkat lunak R statistic versi 4.0.4. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan laba- laba yang diperoleh sebanyak 12 famili, 44 morfospesies, dan 472 individu. Famili Araneidae, Pholcidae, dan Theridiidae merupakan famili yang paling banyak ditemukan pada seluruh perlakuan pengamatan. Spesies yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah Araneidae sp.1 (73 individu), Pholcidae sp.1 (69 individu), dan Araneidae sp.6 (38 individu). Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa perbedaan sistem padi kompleks tidak berpengaruh terhadap keanekaragaman spesies laba-laba, vii namun perbedaan sistem padi kompleks berpengaruh terhadap kelimpahan individu laba-laba. Kemudian keanekaragaman spesies dan kelimpahan individu serangga herbivora tidak berpengaruh terhadap keanekaragaman spesies dan kelimpahan individu laba-laba. Serta faktor suhu dan kelembaban berpengaruh terhadap keanekaragaman spesies, namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap kelimpahan individu laba-laba. Selanjutnya, hasil analisis kemiripan menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan komposisi spesies pada perlakuan sistem padi kompleks yang berbeda
English Abstract
Rice plant is a rice-producing food crop commodity which has an important role in the economic life of Indonesia. Rice consumption in Indonesia continues to increase every year. However, rice needs are not always met, this is caused by several things, such as pest and disease attacks, fluctuating rice prices, changes in environmental conditions, and inappropriate land management. So we need a system that in addition to managing agroecosystems, can also increase farmers' income. One example is the implementation of a complex rice system. The complex rice system is a good innovation that is used in the utilization of biodiversity in the rice cultivation system by integrating azolla, fish, ducks and fringe plants. This farming system can support the existence of natural enemies, one of which is spiders. Spiders (Arachinda: Araneae) are one of the biological agents with great potential in controlling insect pests in rice field habitat ecosystems. This study aims to determine the diversity and abundance of spiders and to determine the effect of complex rice systems on the diversity, abundance, and species composition of spiders. This research was conducted from December 2021 to April 2022 in Sukorejo Village, Gondanglegi District, Malang Regency, East Java. The treatments consisted of 3 complex rice system treatments and 1 conventional system (control). The treatments were a combination of fish and azolla rice plant treatment (P1), a combination of gambas and azolla rice plant treatment (P2), a combination of duck and pumpkin rice plant treatment (P3). Sampling was carried out using the farmcop method (suction method), pitfall traps and visual methods. The spider samples obtained were identified to the morphospecies level. Habitat data around the land were obtained based on interviews with land owners and land observations. Supporting data retrieval, namely temperature and relative humidity through the BMKG source, Malang Regency 2022. The effect of the complex rice system treatment on the diversity and abundance of spiders was analyzed using analysis of variance. While the relationship between temperature and humidity and the presence of herbivorous insects with the diversity and abundance of spiders were analyzed using regression analysis. Similarity analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling were also used to determine differences in the species composition of spiders. Data analysis using R statistic software version 4.0.4. The results showed that the diversity and abundance of spiders obtained were 12 families, 44 morphospecies, and 472 individuals. The families Araneidae, Pholcidae, and Theridiidae were the most common families found in all observation treatments. The most common species found were Araneidae sp.1 (73 individuals), Pholcidae sp.1 (69 individuals), and Araneidae sp.6 (38 individuals). The results of the analysis showed that differences in complex rice systems did not affect the diversity of spider species, but differences in complex rice systems affected the abundance of individual spiders. Then species diversity and individual abundance of herbivorous insects had no effect on species diversity and individual abundance of spiders. As well as temperature and humidity factors affect species diversity, but ix do not affect the abundance of individual spiders. Furthermore, the results of the similarity analysis showed that there were differences in species composition in different complex rice system treatments
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522040249 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests > 632.6 Animal pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 02 Jan 2023 03:19 |
| Last Modified: | 02 Jan 2023 03:19 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/196482 |
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