Putri, Lily Dasinta Norasary and Dr. Budi Waluyo, and Dr. Darmawan Saptadi, (2022) Kapasitas Genetik Populasi F1 Jagung Dari Persilangan Antar Hibrida Silang Tiga Arah Dan Silang Tunggal Menggunakan Rancangan Perkawinan Line X Tester. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
agung (Zea mays L.) merupakan komoditas pangan utama setelah padi yang mempunyai peranan strategis dalam pembangunan pertanian dan perekonomian. Komoditas jagung sangat berkontribusi dalam penyediaan bahan pangan dan bahan baku industri. Dilihat dari banyaknya manfaat jagung maka produksi jagung harus dapat ditingkatkan. Peningkatan produksi jagung diperkirakan masih akan terus terjadi pada tahun 2020 meningkat 22,4% hingga tahun 2024. Data tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa perlu upaya untuk peningkatan produksi jagung. Pembentukan varietas unggul diperlukan pembentukan populasi yang diperoleh dari rekombinasi melalui persilangan. Pembentukan populasi baru harus mempertimbangkan latar belakang genetik agar indikator – indikator parameter genetik pada karakter yang akan ditingkatkan kapasitas genetiknya tinggi. Populasi baru dapat diperoleh melalui rekombinasi genetik melalui persilangan terarah dan tetua – tetua terpilih. Desain persilangan line × tester melibatkan hibridisasi antara line sebagai betina dan tester sebagai jantan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui potensi dan karakter hasil persilangan hibrida silang tiga arah dan hibrida silang tunggal sebagai bahan untuk perbaikan populasi jagung, mengetahui nilai daya gabung umum dan khusus, mengetahui keragaman karakter dan heterosis antar F1 hasil persilangan antar hibrida silang tiga arah, dan hibrida silang tunggal, terdapat populasi F1 hasil persilangan antar hibrida silang tiga arah, dan hibrida silang tunggal yang potensial dikembangkan untuk peningkatan kapasitas genetik jagung. Penelitian dilakukan melalui 2 tahap percobaan. Tahap pertama yaituproses persilangan antar hibrida, dan tahap kedua yaitu penanaman F1 hasil persilangan antar hibrida. Penelitian tahap pertama dilaksanakan di Desa Bendo, Kecamatan Pare, Kabupaten Kediri pada Agustus hingga November 2021. Bahan genetik yang digunakan merupakan koleksi genetik yang dikoleksi di Universitas Brawijaya. Persilangan dengan rancangan perkawinan line x tester dilakukan dengan 2 hibrida silang tunggal (A21 dan B21) dan 2 hibrida silang tiga arah (C21 dan D21) diposisikan sebagai line dan 2 hibrida silang tunggal (E21 dan F21), dan 2 hibrida silang tiga arah (G21 dan H21) diposisikan sebagai tester. sehingga didapatkan 16 kombinasi persilangan. Penelitian untuk analisis hasil persilangan dengan pola perkawinan line x tester dilaksanakan di Desa Bendo, Kecamatan Pare, Kabupaten Kediri pada Desember 2021 hingga Maret 2022. Bahan genetik yang digunakan yaitu benih dari 16 populasi F1 intercrossing hibrida dan 4 hibrida silang tiga arah, dan 4 hibrida silang tunggal. Percobaan disusun berdasarkan rancangan acak kelompok, diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Variabel pengamatan yang dilakukan yaitu umur berbunga betina (HST), umur berbunga jantan (HST), umur panen (HST), tinggi tanaman (cm), tinggi letak tongkol (cm), diamater batang (cm), panjang tongkol (cm), persentase pengisian biji (%), diamater tongkol (cm), jumlah baris biji, bobot tongkol tanpa klobot (g), bobot biji per tongkol (g), bobot tongkol panen per plot (kg), bobot 100 biji, rendemen (%), persentase kadar air, potensi hasil (ton ha-1). Analisis data yang dilakukan yaitu analisis varians, penilaian daya xi gabung umum dan daya gabung khusus, pendugaan nilai heterosis, uji beda rata- rata dan penilaian keseragaman menggunakan program (software) TNAUSTAT. Berdasarkan hasil analisis varians menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan pada genotip untuk semua karakter yang diamati kecuali diameter batang, bobot 100 biji, rendemen dan kadar air. Nilai persentase kontribusi line x tester lebih banyak berkontribusi dari nilai kontibusi line dan kontribusi tester. Kontribusi line x tester pada karakter umur berbunga jantan, umur panen, tinggi letak tongkol, diameter batang, bobot tongkol panen, rendemen, kadar air, potensi hasil. Line A memiliki nilai daya gabung baik pada karakter bobot tongkol panen, bobot 100 biji dan potensi hasil. Line B memiliki penggabungan umum pada karekter panjang tongkol, persentase pengisian biji, jumlah baris biji, bobot tongkol tanpa klobot, bobot biji tongkol dan potensi hasil. Line F memiliki nilai penggabungan umum baik pada karakter diameter tongkol. Tester E memiliki penggabungan umum yang baik pada karakter tinggi tanaman. Tester F memiliki penggabungan baik pada karaker diameter tongkol, bobot tongkol tanpa klobot, bobot biji tongkol, bobot 100 biji. Tester G memiliki penggabungan baik pada umut berbunga betina dan umur berbunga jantan. Kombinasi persilangan AxG, DXG, BxG, BxE, CxH, AxE, AxH menghasilkan nilai DGK baik pada karakter hasil dan komponen hasil. Dari data tersebut varians DGK secara umum lebih tinggi dibandingkan varians DGU yang mengindikasikan bahwa aksi gen non-aditif lebih mendominasi pewarisan sebagian besar karakter komponen hasil dan hasil. Hasil evaluasi dalam penelitian ini memiliki nilai KVG rendah hingga sedang. Nilai KVF rendah hingga tinggi. Nilai heritabilitas tinggi ditemukan pada karakter umur berbunga jantan, umur berbunga betina, umur panen, persentase pengisian biji , diameter tongkol, jumah baris biji, bobot tongkol tanpa klobot, bobot biji tongkol, bobot tongkol panen, dan potensi hasil. Karakter yang memiliki nilai heritabilitas sedang yaitu tinggi tanaman, tinggi letak tongkol dan bobot 100 biji.
English Abstract
Corn (Zea mays L.) is the main food commodity after rice which has a strategic role in agricultural dan economic development. Corn commodity contributes greatly to the supply of food dan industrial raw materials. Judging from the many benefits of corn, corn production must be increased. The increase in corn production is estimated to continue to occur in 2020, increasing by 22.4% until 2024. Formation of superior varieties required the formation of populations obtained from recombination through crosses. The formation of new populations must consider the genetic background so that the indicators of genetic parameters in the characters to be improved have high genetic capacity. New populations can be obtained through genetic recombination through directed crosses dan selected parents. The line × tester cross design involves hybridization between the line (test line) as a female dan the tester (tester) as a male. The aims of this study were to determine the potential dan character of three-way crosses dan single-cross hybrids as materials for improving maize populations, to determine the value of general dan specific combining ability, to determine the diversity of characters dan heterosis between F1 crosses between three-way dan single-cross hybrids , determine the population of F1 crosses between three-way cross hybrids, dan single cross hybrids that have the potential to be developed to increase the genetic capacity of maize. The research was conducted through 2 experimental stages. The first stage is the process of crossing between hybrids, dan the second stage is the planting of F1 from crosses between hybrids. The first of the research was carried out in Bendo Village, Pare District, Kediri Regency from August to November 2021. The genetic material used is a genetic collection at Brawijaya University. Crosses with the line x tester mating design were carried out with the design of 2 single cross hybrids (A21 dan B21) dan 2 three-way cross hybrids (C21 dan D21) positioned as line dan 2 single cross hybrids (E21 dan F21), dan 2 three-way cross hybrids (G21 dan H21) are positioned as testers. so that there are 16 cross combinations. Research to analyze the results of crosses with a line x tester mating design was carried out in Bendo Village, Pare District, Kediri Regency from December 2021 to March 2022. The genetic material used was seeds from 16 populations of F1 intercrossing hybrids dan 4 three-way cross hybrids, dan 4 single cross hybrids. The experiment was arranged according to a randomized block design, repeated 3 times. Variables observed were silking age (HST), tasseling age (HST), harvest age (HST), plant height (cm), ear location height (cm), stem diameter (cm), cob length (cm), seed filling (%), ear diameter (cm), number of rows of seeds, weight of ear per plant (g), weight of seeds per ear (g), weight of ear per plot (kg), weight of 100 seeds, yield (%), percentage of moisture content , yield potential (ton ha-1), seed row arrangement, seed type dan seed color. Data analysis carried out were analysis of variance, general dan specific combining ability, estimation of heterosis value, average difference test dan coefficient variation using the TNAUSTAT program (software). xiii Based on the results of the analysis of variance, there were significant differences in genotypes for all observed characters except stem diameter, weight of 100 seeds, yield, and moisture content. The value of the line x tester contribution is more than the value of the line contribution and the tester contribution. Contribution of line x tester on days to anthesis, day to harvest, ear height, stem diameter, ear weight per plot, yield, moisture content, yield potential. Line A has good GCA values for the ear weight per plot, weight of 100 seeds and yield potential. Line B has a good GCA of the characteristics of ear length, persentase pengisian biji , number of rows of seeds, weight of ear without husk, weight of ear and yield potential. Line F has a good GCA value on the character of the diameter of the ear. Tester E has good GCA incorporation in plant height characters. Tester F has a good GCA on the characteristics of ear diameter, weight of ear without husk, weight of ear seeds, weight of 100 seeds. Tester G has a good GCA of day to anthesis dan day to silking. The combination of AxG, DXG, BxG, BxE, CxH, AxE, AxH crosses produces GCA values for both yield characters and yield components. From these data, the SCA variant is generally higher than the GCA variant which has the character that non-additive gene action dominates the inheritance of most of the yield and yield components. The results of the evaluation in this study had a low to moderate GCV value. While the PCV value is low to high. High heritability values were found in the characters of day to anthesis, day to silking, day to harvest, persentase pengisian biji , ear diameter, number of seed rows, ear weight without husk, ear seed weight, harvested ear weight, and yield potential. Characters with moderate heritability values were plant height, ear height and weight of 100 seeds.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0422040030 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 630 Agriculture and related technologies |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Ilmu Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 30 Dec 2022 08:26 |
| Last Modified: | 30 Dec 2022 08:26 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/196460 |
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