Rahayu., Ika and Prof. Dr. Ir. Lita Soetopo, - (2022) Interaksi Genotipe X Lingkungan 31 Genotipe Jagung Hibrida (Zea Mays L.) Di Lokasi Blitar Dan Situbondo, Jawatimur. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.) adalah salah satu tanaman serealia yang banyak dimanfaatkan setelah padi dan gandum. Tanaman jagung dapat dimanfaatkan hampir seluruh bagian tanaman. Sehingga kebutuhan jagung sangatlah besar terutama jagung sebagai tanaman pangan sumber karbohidrat. Baik itu dikonsumsi secara langsung maupun dalam bentuk pakan ternak, bahan baku industri dan bahan olahan biofuel. Tahun 2018 luas panen tanaman jagung sebesar 5,73 juta ha dengan produktivitas 5,24 ton/ha. Dibandingkan dengan tahun 2017 mengalami peningkatan sebesar 3,64 % dengan luas panen 5,5 juta ha. Produktivitas sebesar 5,2 ton/ha mampu memproduksi sekitar 28,92 juta ton secara nasional. (Kementrian Pertanian, 2018). Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk swasembada pangan adalah meningkatkan produktivitas secara nasional. Swasembada pangan dapat didukung dengan upaya penggunaan varietas unggul. Salah satu cara adalah dengan perakitan dan pemanfaatan produksi varietas hibrida. Penampilan daya hasil suatu hibrida akan menunjukan kemampuan peningkatan hasil yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan varietas non hibrida (Dehgani et a.l, 2012). Salah satu pengujian sebelum varietas dilepas adalah pengujian multilokasi. Pengujian tersebut untuk mengetahui kemampuan daya adaptasi dan stabilitas hasil suatu varietas pada berbagai macam lingkungan. Salah satu syarat pelepasan varietas yang diatur dalam peraturan menteri pertanian no. 61/ permentan / ot.140/ 10/ 2011. Interaksi genotipe (G) x Lingkungan (E) digunakan pada progam pemuliaaan tanaman untuk menyeleksi genotipe tanaman yang cocok tumbuh diberbagai kondisi macam lingkungan. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Januari hingga April 2020. Lokasi penelitian bertempat di Blitar dan Situbondo, Jawa Timur. Varietas yang digunakan sebagai pembanding ialah P35, P36, P37, dan P13. Pupuk yang digunakan adalah pupuk urea, NPK dengan dosis 200kg ha-1, dan pupuk kandang. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah alat pertanian seperti traktor, cangkul, tugal, timbangan, meteran, kamera digital, Moisturetester, Earphotometry, papan label, dan alat tulis. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah menggunakan racangan bersekat (Augmented Design) yang tersusun dengan 31 genotipe. 18 genotipe hibrida, 9 varietas pembanding yang tidak diulang dan 4 varietas pembanding sebagai kontrol/check yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Setiap blok terdiri dari 21 tanaman tiap baris dengan panjang 4,2 meter. Variabel yang diamati ialah tinggi tanaman (cm), tinggi letak tongkol (cm), kadar air (%), persentase pengisian tongkol (%), bobot panen tongkol per petak (kg), bobot pipilan per petak (kg), bobot 1000 biji (g), dan potensi hasil (ton ha-1). Analisis data yang dilakukan menggunakan analisis ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut beda nyata Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada taraf 5% apabila menunjukkan nilai yang berbeda nyata. Kemudian dilakukan analisis regresi. Interaksi genotipe dan lingkungan terjadi perbedaan nyata pada karakter pengamatan bobot panen tongkol (kg), bobot pipilan tongkol (kg) dan potensi hasil iv (ton ha-1). Interaksi genotipe dan lingkungan terjadi pada genotipe NV-COR003, NV-COR017, P21, dan NK7328 Perbedaan nyata pada karakter pengamatan menunjukan bahwa sumber keragaman dipengaruhi oleh genotipe yang berbeda dan perbedaan potensi dari lingkungan tempat penelitian dan memiliki kemampuan adaptasi secara khusus atau spesifik. Sesuai dengan penelitian Totok (2007), interaksi genotipe terhadap lingkungan dapat memberi arti suatu genotipe yang ditanam memberikan responsif yang tidak sama pada lingkungan yang berbeda. Hasil pendugaan nilai menggunakan koefisien regresi (bi) digunakan untuk mengetahui kemampuan beradaptasi suatu tanaman. Hasil dari pengujian regresi terdapat 12 genotipe adaptif diantaranya NV-COR001, NV-COR002, NV- COR003, NV-COR004, NV-COR005, NV-COR006, NV-COR008, NV-COR010, NV-COR011, NV-COR014, NV-COR015, NV-COR016 dan NV-COR017. Genotipe yang mampu beradaptasi terbatas pada lokasi Blitar yaitu NV-COR007, NV-COR009, NV-COR012, NV-COR013, P41 dan Bisi 18. Genotipe yang mampu beradaptasi terbatas pada lokasi Situbondo yaitu P21, P25, P27, P32, P33, dan NK7328
English Abstract
Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most widely used cereal crops after rice and wheat. Corn plants can be used in almost all parts of the plant. So that the need for corn is very large, especially corn as a food crop and a source of carbohydrates. Whether it is consumed directly or in the form of animal feed, industrial raw materials, and processed biofuel materials. In 2018, the harvested area of maize was 5.73 million ha with a productivity of 5.24 tons/ha. Compared to 2017 there was an increase of 3.64% with a harvested area of 5.5 million ha. Productivity of 5.2 tons/ha is capable of producing about 28.92 million tons nationally. (Ministry of Agriculture, 2018). Efforts that can be made for food self-sufficiency are increasing national productivity. Food self-sufficiency can be supported by the use of superior varieties. One way is by assembling and utilizing the production of hybrid varieties. The performance of the yield of a hybrid will show the ability to increase yields higher than non-hybrid varieties (Dehgani et al., 2012). One of the tests before the varieties are released is multilocation testing. The test is to determine the adaptability and yield stability of a variety in various environments. One of the conditions for the release of varieties is regulated in the Minister of Agriculture Regulation no. 61/Permentan/ot.140/10/ 2011. Genotype interaction (G) x Environment (E) is used in plant breeding programs to select plant genotypes that are suitable for growing in various environmental conditions. The research was carried out from January to April 2020. The research locations were in Blitar and Situbondo, East Java. The varieties used for comparison were P35, P36, P37, and P13. The fertilizers used are urea, NPK at a dose of 200kg ha-1, and manure. The tools used in this study were agricultural tools such as tractors, hoes, tugals, scales, meters, digital cameras, moisture testers, earphotometry, label boards, and stationery. The experimental design used in this study was an Augmented Design composed of 31 genotypes. 18 Genotypes and 9 comparison variety is not repeated and 4 comparison varieties as control/check are repeated 3 times Each block consists of 21 plants per row with a length of 4.2 meters. The variables observed were plant height (cm), cob location height (cm), moisture content (%), percentage of cob filling (%), the harvested weight of cobs per plot (kg), shelled weight per plot (kg), the weight of 1000 seeds. (g), and yield potential (ton ha-1). Data analysis was carried out using analysis of variance and continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) significant difference further test at 5% level if it showed significantly different values. Then a regression analysis was performed. The interaction of genotype and environment showed significant differences in the observed characteristics of cob harvest weight (kg), cob shell weight (kg), and yield potential (ton ha-1). Genotype and environment interactions occurred in the NV-COR003, NV-COR017, P21, and NK7328 genotypes. Significant differences in observational characters showed that the source of diversity was vi influenced by different genotypes and potential differences from the research environment and had special or specific adaptability. By Totok's research (2007), the interaction of genotypes with the environment can mean that a planted genotype provides unequal responsiveness in different environments. The result of value estimation using regression coefficient (bi) is used to determine the adaptability of a plant. The regression test results contained 12 adaptive genotypes including NV- COR001, NV-COR002, NV-COR003, NV-COR004, NV-COR005, NV-COR006, NV-COR008, NV-COR010, NV-COR011, NV-COR014, NV -COR015, NV- COR016, and NV-COR017. The genotypes that were able to adapt were limited to the Blitar location, NV-COR007, NV-COR009, NV-COR012, NV-COR013, P41, and Bisi 18. The genotypes that were able to adapt were limited to the Situbondo location P21, P25, P27, P32, P33, and NK7328
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522040228 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 630 Agriculture and related technologies |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Dec 2022 07:11 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Dec 2022 07:11 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/196440 |
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