Pengaruh Aplikasi Pgpr (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) Dan Pupuk Nitrogen Pada Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Sukini (Cucurbita Pepo L.)

Warisman, Gandi and Prof. Dr. Ir. Eko Widaryanto,, SU. (2022) Pengaruh Aplikasi Pgpr (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) Dan Pupuk Nitrogen Pada Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Sukini (Cucurbita Pepo L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Sukini (Cucurbita pepo L.) merupakan hortikultura semusim yang termasuk dalam golongan Cucurbitaceae dan banyak dikonsumsi dalam bentuk segar dan menjadi makanan olahan. Tanaman sukini memiliki tinggi kandungan nutrisi sehingga dapat membantu memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi masyarakat Indonesia hal ini menyebabkan permintaan sukini mengalami peningkatan. Tanaman sukini membutuhkan unsur hara makro dan mikro untuk dapat tumbuh dan menghasilkan dengan optimal, terutama unsur hara makro seperti unsur hara nitrogen. Nitrogen memiliki sifat mudah hilang sehingga tidak tersedia bagi tanaman hal ini menyebabkan aktivitas pemupukan selalu dilakukan untuk menyediakan unsur nitrogen bagi tanaman. Pemupukan secara berlebihan dan terus menerus dapat menurunkan tingkat kesuburan tanah. Pemanfaatan PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) dapat menjadi solusi untuk menyediakan unsur hara nitrogen bagi tanaman karena PGPR dapat menambat nitrogen dari udara dengan cara simbiosis dan melarutkan unsur hara fosfor di dalam tanah. Pemanfaatan PGPR diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi serapan unsur hara serta dapat menurunkan input pupuk anorganik ke dalam lahan budidaya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rooftop rumah jalan Tlogo Indah, Tlogomas, Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota Malang pada 15 Desember 2021 hingga 30 Maret 2022 dengan ketinggian tempat 440-667 mdpl dan suhu minimun 18,4oC serta suhu maksimum 32,7 oC. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah cangkul, penggaris, timbangan digital, jangka sorong, polybag, alat tulis dan kamera. Sedangkan bahan yang digunakan adalah benih tanaman sukini, pupuk kandang kambing, pupuk ZA, Pupuk Urea, tanah, PGPR dan Pestisida. Penelitian menggunakan percobaan faktorial menggunakan metode rancangan acak kelompok dengan dua faktor yang diulangi sebanyak tiga kali. Faktor pertama adalah pemberian PGPR dengan dua taraf yaitu pemberian PGPR dan tanpa pemberian PGPR. Faktor kedua adalah perbedaan dosis pemberian pupuk nitrogen dengan lima taraf yaitu 50, 100, 150, 200 dan 250 kg ha-1. Sehingga diperoleh 10 perlakuan, setiap perlakuan terdiri atas 8 tanaman sehingga jumlah seluruh populasi yaitu 240 tanaman. Pengamatan yang dilakukan yaitu pengamatan pertumbuhan dan pengamatan hasil serta serapan unsur hara. Pengamatan pertumbuhan dilakukan pada saat tanaman berumur 15, 25, 35 dan 45 hst dan pengamatan hasil dilakukan secara periodic dimulai saat panen pertama. Parameter pertumbuhan meliputi panjang tanaman (cm tan-1), jumlah daun (helai tan-1), luas daun (cm2 tan-1), waktu muncul bunga (HST), jumlah bunga jantan (bunga tan-1), jumlah bunga betina (bunga tan-1) dan fruit set (%), bobot segar (g tan-1)dan bobot kering tanaman (g tan-1). Parameter pengamatan hasil yaitu jumlah buah (buah tan-1), panjang buah (cm buat-1), diameter buah (cm buah-1) dan bobot buah (g buah-1). Pengamatan serapan unsur hara dilakukan pada akhir fase vegetatif atau 30 HST. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA dengan taraf 5% dan apabila hasil berbeda nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) dengan taraf (5%). vii Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian PGPR memberikan respon secara nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman sukini yang meliputi panjang tanaman, bobot segar dan bobot kering tanaman. Pemberian PGPR meningkatkan panjang tanaman sebesar 5,75 – 5,97 % dan peningkatan bobot segar sebesar 8,23 – 16,32 % serta berat kering tanaman sebesar 15,56 – 47,97 %. Selain itu dosis pemupukan nitrogen juga memberikan respon secara nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman sukini meliputi panjang tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, bobot segar dan bobot kering tanaman. Peningkatan dosis pemupukan meningkatkan panjang tanaman sebesar 12,21 – 14,66 %, jumlah daun sebesar 10,06 – 20,68 %, luas daun 10,07 – 23,81 %, bobot segar 32,5 – 64,96 % dan bobot kering sebesar 15,56 – 46,07 %. Selain itu pemberian PGPR juga memberikan respon secara nyata terhadap hasil tanaman sukni meliputi bobot buah dan diameter buah. Terjadi peningkatan bobot buah sebesar 36,80 % dan diameter buah sebesar 5,11 % dibandingkan hasil tanaman tanpa pemberian PGPR sedangkan dosis pemupukan nitrogen juga menunjukkan respon secara nyata terhadap hasil tanaman sukini meliputi bobot buah, panjang buah dan diameter buah. Pemupukan nitrogen meningkatkan bobot buah tanaman sebesar 29 %, panjang buah 14,81 % dan diameter buah 14,18 %. Hasil serapan unsur hara nitrogen di jaringan tanaman menunjukkan interaksi antara pemberian PGPR dan peningkatan dosis pemupukan nitrogen. Pemberian PGPR dan dosis pemupukan nitrogen mampu meningkatkan serapan unsur hara nitrogen 24 – 185 % lebih tinggi pada tanaman sukini dibandingkan tanpa pemberian PGPR dan dosis pemupukan 50 kg ha

English Abstract

Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) is an annual horticulture that belongs to the Cucurbitaceae group dan is widely consumed fresh dan as food. Zucchini plant has a high nutritional content so that it can contribute to the nutritional needs of the Indonesia people, this causes the demand for zucchini to increase. Zucchini plant need macro dan micro nutrients to be able to grow dan produce optimally, especially macro nutrients such as nitrogen nutrients. Nitrogen has character of being quickly lost so it is not available to plants, this causes fertilization activities to always be given to provide nitrogen nutrients for plant. Excessive dan continuous fertilization can reduce soil fertility. Using PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) can be a solution to provide nitrogen nutrients to plants because PGPR can take nitrogen from the air by symbiosis dan dissolve fosfor nutrients in the soil. The use of PGPR is expected to increase the efficiency of nutrient uptake dan reduce the input of inorganic fertilizer into the soil. The research was conducted in house rooftop at Tlogo indah Street, Tlogomas, Lowokwaru District, Malang city from 15 December 2021 until 30 March 2022 with an altitude of 440-667 mdpl dan minimum temperature of 18,4 oC dan a maximum temperature of 32,7 oC. The tools used in this research is a hoe, ruler, digital scale, caliper, polybag, stationery and camera. While the material used in this research is zucchini seed, PGPR, goat manure, ZA fertilizer, Urea fertilizer, soil and Pesticides. The study used a factorial experiment using a randomized block design with two factors that were repeated three replications. The first factor is giving PGPR with two levels, with PGPR dan without PGPR. The second factor is the difference in dose of nitrogen fertilizer with five levels, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha-1. So that 10 treatments were obtained, each treatment consisted of 8 plant so that the total population was 240 plants. Observations made were observations of growth and observation of yield and nutrient uptake. Growth observations were carried out when the plants were 15, 25, 35, dan 45 DAP and Yield observations periodically starting at the first harvest. Growth parameters included plant length (cm plant-1), number of leaves (leaf plant-1), leaf area (cm plant-1), flowering time (DAP), number of male flowers (flower plant-1), number of female flowers (flower plant-1), fruit set (%), fresh weight (g plant-1) dan dry weight (g plant-1). Yield parameters included number of fruit (fruit plant-1), fruit length (cm fruit-1), fruit diameter (cm plant-1) and fruit weight (g fruit-1). Nutrient uptake observations was carried out at the end of vegetative stage or 30 DAP. The observational data were analyzed using ANOVA with a level of 5 % dan if the results were significantly different, the tested continuation of Least significant difference (LSD) at 5% level. ix The results showed that the administration of PGPR gave a significant response to the growth of the Zucchini plant which included plant length, fresh weight and plant dry weight. Giving PGPR increased plant length by 5.75 – 5.97% and fresh weight increased by 8.23 – 16.32% and plant dry weight by 15.56 – 47.97%. In addition, the dose of nitrogen fertilization also gave a significant response to the growth of the zucchini plant including plant length, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight and plant dry weight. Increasing the dose of fertilization increased plant length by 12.21 – 14.66%, number of leaves by 10.06 – 20.68%, leaf area by 10.07 – 23.81%, fresh weight 32.5 – 64.96% and dry weight of 15.56 - 46.07 %. In addition, the provision of PGPR also gave a significant response to the yield of zucchini plants including fruit weight and fruit diameter. There was an increase in fruit weight by 36.80% and fruit diameter by 5.11% compared to plant yields without PGPR while the dose of nitrogen fertilization also showed a significant response to the yield of zucchini plants including fruit weight, fruit length and fruit diameter. Nitrogen fertilization increased plant fruit weight by 29%, fruit length by 14.81% and fruit diameter by 14.18 %. The results of the uptake of nitrogen nutrients in plant tissues showed an interaction between the administration of PGPR and an increase in the dose of nitrogen fertilization. The administration of PGPR and the dose of nitrogen fertilization was able to increase the uptake of nitrogen nutrients by 24 – 185% higher in zucchini plants than without PGPR and fertilization dose of 50 kg h-

Other obstract

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0522040216
Subjects:	300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture > 338.16 Production efficiency
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi
Depositing User:	Nur Cholis
Date Deposited:	18 Nov 2022 03:33
Last Modified:	18 Nov 2022 03:33
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/196394

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