Muhammad, Faudzan and Prof. Ir. Arifin Noor Sugiharto,, M.Sc., Ph.D (2022) Pengaruh Rendemen Biji Jagung (Zea Mays L.) Hasil Silang Puncak (Top Cross) Terhadap Uji Daya Hasil. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Jagung (Zea mays L.) merupakan tanaman pangan penting sebagai bahan baku utama untuk industri pangan, pakan, dan bahan baku energi serta bahan baku indsutri lainnya. Perkiraan stok jagung di dalam negeri hingga akhir bulan januri 2022 adalah sebesar 2,17 juta ton, jika dibandingkan dengan januari 2021 denngan stok jagung sebesar 2,22 juta ton maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan terjadi penurunan stok jagung hingga -2,25%.). Dalam upaya peningkatan produktifitas jagung nasional harus dilakukan secara efisien dan efektif. Salah satu upaya peningkatan produktifitas jagung nasional adalah praktek budidaya yang baik dengan menggunakan varietas hibrida. Perakitan varietas hibrida merupakan generasi pertama hasil persilangan antara tetua berupa galur inbred yang homozigot sehingga menghasilkan F1 yang sangat vigor. Proses pembuatan varietas hibrida memiliki beberapa tahap, antara lain pembentukan populasi, seleksi dan uji daya hasil. Seleksi adalah program pemuliaan tanaman untuk mengumpulkan frekuensi dari gen-gen baik pada karakter yang diinginkan. Seleksi terbagi menjadi dua yaitu seleksi langsung dan seleksi tidak langsung. Seleksi tidak langsung dapat dilakukan dengan melihat komponen hasil yang berhubungan dengan hasil. Karakter yang berhubungan erat dengan komponen hasil antara lain karakter tinggi tanaman, tinggi letak tongkol, bobot 100 biji, dan rendemen. Hasil penelitian Herawati dan Roy Effendi menunjukkan rendemen biji berpenaruh langsung sangat nyata terhadap hasil. Oleh karena itu, maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memelajari pengaruh perbedaan rendemen biji sebagai kriteria seleksi dalam proses seleksi tanaman jagung. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama empat bulan pada bulan Juli 2021 hingga Oktober 2021 di kebun percobaan milik Cv. Blue Akari yang beralamat di Desa Dadaprejo, Kecamatan Junrejo, Kota Batu, Jawa Timur. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 7 perlakuan. Perlakuan yang dimaksud pembagian 7 level rendemen biji yaitu F1-1 (72,29%), F1-2 (76.15%), F1-3 (78.52%), F1-4 (80.52%), F1-5 (82.57), F1-6 (85.19),dan F1-7(87.93) dari populasi F1 hasil topcross. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga diperoleh 21 satuan plot. Setiap plot percobaan diambil sebanyaj 10 tanaman sampel sehingga total sampel terdapat 600 tanaman yang diamati. Data hasil pengamatan telah dipastikan menyebar secara normal kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA) pada taraf 5%. Variabel pengamatan kuantitatif antara lain dari Bobot tongkol dengan kelobot (g), bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot (g), Bobot tongkol dengan kelobot perplot (g), bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot perplot (g), bobot biji (g), bobot jenggel (g), rendemen (%), panjang tongkol (cm), diameter tongkol (mm), jumlah baris biji (brs), bobot 100 biji (g), tinggi tanaman (cm), diameter batang (mm), tinggi letak tongkol (cm) dan potensi hasil (ton/ha). Pada karakter tanaman yang memiliki berbeda nyata, maka akan diuji lanjut menggunakan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) pada taraf 5%. Kemudian dilakukan analisis korelasi antara perlakuan (dalam hal ini rendemen biji) dengan karakter tanaman yang diamati untuk melihat keeratan hubungan antar karakter. Selanjutnya pada karakter yang memiliki keeratan hubungan yang nyata dilanjutkan dengan analisis regresi. Untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik pada beberapa karakter yang diuji, maka perlu dilakukan perhitungan Koefisien Keragaman Genotipe (KKG), sedangkan untuk mengetahui besarnya proporsi pengaruh antara faktor genetik dan faktor lingkungan terhadap ekspresi suatu karakter tanaman yang diamati dilakukan pendugaan nilai heritabilitas dalam arti luas. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini yaitu terdapat korelasi positif dan negatif antara rendemen biji dengan karakter tanaman. Karakter yang mempunyuai nilai korelasi positif antara lain rendemen hasil dan diameter tongkol, selanjutnya karakter yang memiliki hubungan negatif bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot perplot, bobot tongkol dengan kelobot perplot, bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot, potensi hasil, bobot biji, panjang tongkol, jumlah baris biji dan tinggi tanaman. Selanjutnya karakter yang memiliki korelasi berpengaruh nyata dianjutkan dengan analsis regresi. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa jumlah baris biji memiliki R2 35,88%, panjang tongkol memiliki R2 53,75%, Bobot tongkol dengan kelobot perplot R2 51.45%, bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot perplot R2 42,3%, dan potenasi hasil R2 38.5%. Berdasarkan nilai score performa pada karakter tanaman jagung maka genotip yang direkomendasikan yaitu F1-3, F1-6, F1-4, dan F1-1
English Abstract
Corn (Zea Mays. L) is an important food crop as the primary raw material for food, feed, energy, and other industrial raw materials. The estimated domestic corn stock until the end of January 2022 is 2.17 million tons; when compared to January 2021 with a corn stock of 2.22 million tons, it can be concluded that there was a decline in corn stocks of up to -2.25%.). It must be carried out efficiently and effectively to increase national corn productivity. One of the efforts to increase national corn productivity is good cultivation practices using hybrid varieties. The assembly of hybrid varieties is the first generation of crosses between parents in the form of homozygous inbred lines to highly produce vigour F1. Making hybrid varieties has several stages, including population formation, selection and yield testing. Selection is a plant breeding program to collect the frequency of good genes in the desired character. Selection is divided into two, namely natural selection and indirect selection. Indirect selection can be made by looking at the components of the results that are related to the results. Characters closely related to yield components include plant height, cob height, weight of 100 seeds, and yield. Herawati and Roy Effendi's research showed that the seed yield had a very significant direct effect on the yield. Therefore, this study aims to study the effect of differences in seed yield as a selection criterion in the corn plant selection process. This research was carried out for four months, from July 2021 to October 2021, in the experimental garden owned by Cv. Blue Akari has its address at Dadaprejo Village, Junrejo District, Batu City, East Java. The study used a randomized block design (RAK) with seven treatments. The treatment meant the division of 7 levels of seed yield, namely F1-1 (72.29%), F1- 2 (76.15%), F1-3 (78.52%), F1-4 (80.52%), F1-5 (82.57), F1-6 (85.19), and F1-7 (87.93) from the top cross F1 population. Each treatment was repeated three times to obtain 21 plot units. Each experimental plot was taken as many as 10 sample plants to observe a total sample of 600 plants. The observed data were confirmed to be normally distributed and then analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 5% level. Quantitative observation variables included the weight of cobs with cob (g), the weight of cobs without cob (g), the weight of cobs and cob per plot (g), weight of cobs without cobs per plot (g), the weight of seeds (g), the weight of hairs (g) ), yield (%), length of the ear (cm), a diameter of the ear (mm), number of rows of seeds (BRS), weight of 100 seeds (g), plant height (cm), the diameter of the stem (mm), height of ear location (cm ) and yield potential (tonnes/ha). It will be further tested on plant characters with significant differences using the Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test at the 5% level. Then a correlation analysis was carried out between the treatment (in this case, the seed yield) and the observed plant characters to see the close relationship between the characters. Furthermore, the characters that have a real close relationship are followed by regression analysis. To determine the genetic diversity of several characters tested, it is necessary to calculate the Coefficient of Genotype Diversity (KKG). While determining the influence of genetic factors and environmental factors on the expression of an observed plant character, heritability values are estimated in a broad sense. The results obtained in this study are positive and negative correlations between seed yield and plant characters. Characters that have a positive correlation value include yield and ear diameter, then the characters that have a negative relationship are the weight of the cob without husks per plot, the weight of the cobs and the cob per plot, the weight of the cobs without the cob, the potential yield, the weight of the seeds, the length of the cobs, the number of rows of seeds and plant height. Furthermore, the characters with a significant correlation are continued with regression analysis. The results of the regression analysis showed that the number of rows of seeds had R2 35,88%, cob length had R2 53.75%, the weight of cobs with husks per plot R2 51.45%, the weight of cobs without husks per plot R2 42.3%, and yield potential of R2 38.5%. Based on the performance score on maize characters, the recommended genotypes are F1-3, F1- 6, F1-4, and F1-1
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522040212 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 630 Agriculture and related technologies |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 18 Nov 2022 02:38 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Nov 2022 02:38 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/196390 |
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