Cantika, Devira and Prof. Ir. Arifin Noor Sugiharto,, Msc., PhD. (2022) Keragaan Beberapa Galur Jagung Ketan (Zea Mays L. Var. Ceratina Kulesh) Pada Selfing Kedua (S2). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Jagung ketan merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman pangan semusim yang mengandung karbohidrat yang tinggi. Menurut Balai penelitian Tanaman Serealia (2022), produksi jagung ketan termasuk rendah dibandingkan dengan jagung jenis lain. Produktivitas dari jagung ketan lokal berkisar antara 2 – 2,5 ton ha-1. Permintaan akan jagung ketan untuk industri pakan terus meningkat, sehingga diperlukan peningkatan produksi jagung ketan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat. Untuk meningkatkan produksi jagung dapat menggunakan varietas unggul. Pembentukan varietas unggul memerlukan galur yang memiliki karakter unggul sebagai tetua. Dalam penentuan tetua yang berpotensi dilakukan proses penilaian penampilan fisik yang diekspresikan oleh suatu tanaman melalui karakter yang dimunculkan yang disebut keragaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaan karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif, untuk menduga nilai heritabilitas arti luas dan koefisien keragaman genetik, dan untuk mendapatkan tetua potensial diantara galur jagung ketan Selfing kedua (S2). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Dusun Areng-areng, Kelurahan Dadaprejo, Kecamatan Junrejo, Kota Batu, Jawa Timur pada September - Desember 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan tanam berupa koleksi benih jagung ketan dari CV. Blue Akari yaitu galur S2 hasil persilangan (jagung ketan x jagung ungu manis). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu galur sejumlah 13 perlakuan, setiap perlakuan terdapat 39 satuan percobaan. Variabel pengamatan tanaman yang diamati terbagi menjadi 2 yaitu, karakter kualitatif dan karakter kuantitatif. Karakter kualitatif meliputi, bentuk ujung daun pertama, warna anther, warna glume, warna silk, warna permukaan biji, antosianin janggel, susunan baris biji, dan bentuk tongkol. Karakter kuantitatif meliputi tinggi tanaman, tinggi letak tongkol, umur anthesis, umur silking, bobot tongkol dengan kelobot, bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot, diameter tongkol tanpa kelobot, jumlah baris, panjang tongkol tanpa kelobot, bobot biji, dan bobot 100 butir. Analisis terhadap data kuantitatif menggunakan analisis ragam, apabila diperoleh hasil yang berbeda nyata dari analisis ragam, maka dilakukan uji lanjut dengan Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ). Selain itu, juga dilakukan analisis Koefisien Keragaman Genetik (KKG), Koefisien Keragaman Fenotip (KKF) dan pendugaan nilai heritabilitas arti luas. Analisis data kualitatif menggunakan metode skoring. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat keragaman dari keragaan karakter kualitatif maupun kuantitatif pada jagung ketan. Hasil analisis karakter kualitatif berdasarkan metode skoring antar galur memiliki skor 2 hingga 4. Analisa karakter kuantitatif berdasarkan analisis ragam terdapat beberapa karakter yang berbeda nyata yaitu tinggi tanaman, bobot tongkol dengan kelobot, bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot, panjang tongkol, jumlah baris, umur silking, umur anthesis, dan tinggi letak tongkol. Berdasarkan analisa KKG antar karakter memiliki keragaman yang tergolong rendah yang berkisar antara 0,48 – 10,88%, sedangkan nilai KKF yang diperoleh tergolong rendah hingga agak rendah berkisar antara 0,53 – 35,33%. Hasil analisa koefisien keragaman dalam galur memiliki keragaman yang tergolong ii rendah hingga yang tinggi berkisar antara 0,51 – 28,28% pada semua karakter kuantitatif yang diamati. Heritabilitas yang diperoleh tergolong rendah hingga tinggi yang berkisar antara 0,058 – 97,79%. Nilai heritabilitas kriteria sedang terdapat pada karakter tinggi tanaman, tinggi letak tongkol, bobot tongkol dengan kelobot, bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot, panjang tongkol, dan jumlah baris. Sedangkan karakter yang memiliki nilai heritabilitas dengan kriteria tinggi yaitu umur silking (89,23%) dan umur anthesis (97,79%). Galur yang memiliki potensi untuk dijadikan tetua unggul yaitu JP-D3, JP-D7, JP-D8, JP-D10, JP-D11, JP-D12 dan JP-D13 karena memiliki keunggulan dan keseragaman pada karakter kualitatif dan karakte kuantitatif.
English Abstract
Waxy corn is type of seasonal food plant that contains high carbohydrates. According to the Research Institute for Cereal Crops (2022), the production of waxy corn is low compared to other types of corn. The productivity of local waxy corn ranges from 2 – 2.5 tons ha-1. The demand for waxy corn for the feed industry continues to increase, so it is necessary to increase the production of waxy corn to meet the needs of the community. To increase corn production, superior varieties can be used. The formation of superior varieties requires lines that have superior characters as parents. In determining the potential superior parent, a process of assessing the physical appearance expressed by a plant is carried out through the characters that appear called performance. This study aims to determine performance of qualitative and quantitative characters, to estimate the heritability of broad meaning and genetic coefficient of variation, and to obtain potential parents among the second generation of waxy corn lines (S2). This research was conducted in Areng-areng Hamlet, Dadaprejo Village, Junrejo District, Batu City, East Java on September - December 2021. This research uses planting material form of collection of waxy corn seeds from CV. Blue Akari is the S2 line from a cross (waxy corn x purple sweet corn). This study used a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 3 replications. The treatments used were 13 treatment lines, each treatment contained 39 experimental units. The observed plant observation variables were divided into 2, namely, qualitative characters and quantitative characters. Qualitative characters include the shape of first leaf tip, color of anther, color of glume, color of silk, seed coat color, anthocyanin coloration of cobs, seed row arrangement, and shape of cob. Quantitative characters included plant height, location of cob height, day of anthesis, day of silking, weight of cob with husk, weight of cob without husk, diameter of cob without husk, number of rows, length of cob without husk, weight of seeds, and weight of 100 seeds. Analysis of quantitative data using analysis of variance, if the results are significantly different from analysis of variance, then a further test is carried out with Honestly Significant Difference (BNJ). In addition, an analysis of the Genetic Coefficient of Variation (KKG), Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (KKF) and estimation of heritability values was also carried out. Qualitative data analysis using the scoring method. The results showed that there was a variation of qualitative and quantitative character traits in waxy corn. The results of qualitative character analysis based on the scoring method between lines had a score of 2 to 4. Quantitative character analysis based on analysis of variance showed that there were several characters that were significantly different, namely plant height, weight of cob with husk, weight of cob without husk, length of cob without husk, number of rows, day of silking, day of anthesis, and location of cob height. Based on the analysis of the KKG between characters, the diversity is classified as low ranging from 0.48 - 10.88%, while the KKF value obtained is classified as low a bit low ranging from 0.53 - 35.33%. The results of the analysis of the coefficient variation in line had a low to high variation ranging from 0.51 - 28.28% on all observed quantitative characters. The heritability value of moderate criteria was found in the characters of plant height, cob location height, weight of cob with cob, weight of cob without cob, length of cob, and number of rows. The heritability obtained was classified as low to high which ranged from 0.058 - 97.79%. While the characters who have heritability values with high criteria are day of silking (89.23%) and day of anthesis (97.79%). The strains that have the potential to become superior elders are JP-D3, JP-D7, JP-D8, JP-D10, JP-D11, JP-D12 and JP-D13 because they have superiority and uniformity in qualitative and quantitative characters.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522040192 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 630 Agriculture and related technologies |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Nov 2022 01:14 |
| Last Modified: | 17 Nov 2022 01:14 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/196360 |
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