Lumbanraja, Meldana Megawati and Dr. Ir. Yusuf Wibisono,, STP, M.Sc. IPM and Dr. Riksfardini Annisa Ermawar,, M. Bio (PB) (2022) Ekstraksi Pektin dari Biomassa Kulit Nanas (Ananas comosus L. Merr) dengan Metode Microwave Assisted Extraction dan Variasi Konsentrasi Pelarut Asam Sitrat. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Indonesia memiliki kebutuhan pektin yang tinggi, namun kebutuhan pektin di industri makanan dan minuman selama ini dipenuhi dari bahan impor luar negeri seperti negara China, Eropa serta Amerika. Setiap tahunnya produksi buah nanas nasional mencapai 702 ton dan menghasilkan limbah berupa biomassa (kulit dan batang) sebesar 50% (b/b) dari total nanas berat yang telah dikupas dan dibuang. Kulit nanas terdiri dari komponen kimia berupa selulosa, hemi-selulosa, lignin dan pektin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses ekstraksi pektin dan menganalisis pengaruh perlakuan berbagai konsentrasi pelarut asam sitrat terhadap hasil rendemen, kadar air dan kadar abu. Proses ekstraksi menggunakan metode Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE). Metode MAE dapat mengurangi kebutuhan energi dan pelarut serta mengurangi kemungkinan kerusakan senyawa pektin saat proses pemanasan. Rancangan percoban yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) menggunakan 1 faktor yaitu konsentrasi pelarut asam sitrat yang terdiri dari 3 level (PP1 10%; PP2 15% dan PP3 20%) dengan pengulangan sebanyak 3 kali sehingga terdapat 9 satuan percobaan. Analisis komponen kimia pada bahan baku kulit buah nanas dilakukan terlebih dahulu sebelum ekstraksi. Pektin hasil ekstraksi diidentifikasi dan dikuantifikasi dengan Pectin Identification Assay Kit (Megazyme Ltd.). Pengukuran pektin dengan Megazyme Assay dilakukan dengan spektrofotometri pada panjang gelombang 235 nm. Identifikasi gugus fungsional pektin dilakukan dengan analisis FTIR. Pengukuran rendemen dan pengujian kualitas pektin dilakukan dengan pengukuran kadar air dan kadar abu. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa ekstraksi pektin terbaik dilakukan dengan pelarut asam sitrat konsentrasi 15% (PP2) yang menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 3,23%, kadar air sebesar 9,23% dan kadar abu sebesar 6,73%. Analisis FTIR juga menunjukkan adanya keberadaan asam galakturonat sebagai polimer utama pektin. Hasil analisis dalam penelitian ini sudah sesuai dengan standar mutu pektin Internasional Pectin Procedure Assosiation (IPPA).
English Abstract
Indonesia has a high demand for pectin. However, the need for pectin in the food and beverage industry has so far been met from overseas imported materials, such as from China, Europe and America. Annually, the national pineapple production reaches 702 tons and produces biomass waste (skin and stems), which is about 50% (w/w) of the total weight of pineapple. Pineapple peel consists of chemical components such as cellulose, hemi-cellulose, lignin and pectin. This study aims to determine the pectin extraction process and analyze the effect of various concentrations of citric acid on the yield, chemical properties, moisture content and ash content of pectin. Pectin extraction was carried out using the Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method. The MAE method can reduce energy and solvent requirements and reduce the possibility of damage to pectin compounds during the heating process. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) using 1 factor, namely the concentration of citric acid solvent which consisted of 3 levels (PP1 10%, PP2 15% and PP3 20%) with 3 repetitions, so that there were 9 experimental units. Chemical component analysis of the pineapple peel raw material was carried out before extraction. Extracted pectin was identified and quantified using Pectin Identification Assay Kit (Megazyme Ltd.). Measurement of pectin by Megazyme Assay was carried out by spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 235 nm. The functional group properties of pectin was analysed using FTIR analysis. Quantification of pectin yield and quality was measured by quantifiying its water content and ash content. The results showed that the best pectin extraction was carried out using 15% of citric acid solvent (PP2), which was resulted in a 3.23% of pectin yield, 9.23% of water content and 6.73% of ash content, The FTIR analysis also showed the presence of galacturonic acid as the main polymer of pectin. The results of the analysis in this study are in accordance with the pectin quality standards of the International Pectin Procedure Association (IPPA).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522100248 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Kulit Nanas, Megazyme assay, Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), Pektin,assay, Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE), Pectin, Pineapple peel |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 630 Agriculture and related technologies |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Keteknikan Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 07 Nov 2022 02:22 |
| Last Modified: | 07 Nov 2022 02:22 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/196158 |
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