Analisis Strategi Pengelolaan Ekosistem Terumbu Karang Berbasis Resiliensi (Studi Kasus di Teluk Doreri, Kabupaten Manokwari)

Pattiasina, Thomas Frans and Prof. Dr. Ir. Endang Yuli Herawati,, MS and Ir. Bambang Semedi,, M.Sc, Ph.D, and Ir. Aida Sartimbul,, M.Sc, Ph.D. (2018) Analisis Strategi Pengelolaan Ekosistem Terumbu Karang Berbasis Resiliensi (Studi Kasus di Teluk Doreri, Kabupaten Manokwari). Doktor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Pengelolaan terumbu karang berbasis resiliensi merupakan paradigma baru dan telah menjadi konsep kunci untuk mendukung kemampuan sistem terumbu karang dalam menghadapi tekanan lokal dan dampak perubahan iklim. Pengelolaan berbasis resiliensi mencakup dua aspek penting, yaitu penilaian potensi resiliensi secara spasial dan perencanaan atau strategi pengelolaan yang sesuai dengan kondisi resiliensi sistem terumbu karang. Sejauh ini penelitian-penelitian untuk menentukan indikatorindikator penilaian resiliensi telah mengalami kemajuan yang berarti, namun masih terbatas dalam kerangka kerja untuk merumuskan strategi pengelolaan berdasarkan kondisi resiliensi ekosistem terumbu karang. Penelitian ini mengkombinasikan pendekatan-pendekatan yang berbeda dalam penilaian resiliensi ekosistem terumbu karang, yaitu penilaian potensi rezime/status terumbu karang, penilaian potensi resiliensi dan penilaian potensi tekanan/stres dalam satu kerangka kerja (framework) untuk menentukan tindakan dan strategi pengelolaan ekosistem terumbu karang di kawasan Teluk Doreri, Kabupaten Manokwari. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) menganalisis status dan potensi rezim-rezim terumbu yang ada di ekosistem terumbu karang; 2) menganalisis potensi resiliensi ekologi terumbu karang; 3) menganalisis potensi tekanan aktivitas manusia terhadap terumbu karang; 4) memodelkan skenario perubahan tekanan terhadap resiliensi dan status terumbu karang; 5) merumuskan strategi pengelolaan yang mendukung resiliensi dan keberlanjutan ekosistem terumbu karang. Penelitian ini akan berkontribusi dalam mengisi kekosongan basis data terumbu karang, menyediakan informasi tentang kondisi terkini resiliensi ekosistem terumbu karang, serta berkontribusi dalam penyempurnaan kerangka kerja yang mengakomodir aspek penilaian resiliensi dalam perencanaan pengelolaan terumbu karang. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode deskriptif dengan observasi lapangan, studi dokumentasi, studi pustaka dan pemodelan statistik sebagai sumber datanya. Variabelvariabel yang digunakan dikelompokkan dalam 3 kelompok variabel, yaitu variabel proses, variabel tekanan dan variabel habitat bentik. Data dikumpulkan dengan menerapkan pendekatan lapangan (observasi dan wawancara), analisis laboratorium dan analisis spasial. Potensi rezim terumbu karang dinilai dengan menerapkan statistik deskriptif (mean±SE), analisis PSI (phase shift index), korelasi PCA, hierarchical cluster, dan K-means cluster. Pola spasial perubahan terumbu karang diperoleh melalui pemrosesan citra satelit Landsat multisensor dan multitemporal. Analisis potensi resiliensi relatif dan potensi tekanan mengikuti metode perhitungan menurut Maynard et al. (2015) yang meliputi proses kompilasi, normalisasi, pengaturan skala satu arah, perhitungan nilai rata-rata, perhitungan nilai potensi relatif dan penentuan ranking lokasi/site. Penentuan tindakan pengelolaan dilakukan melalui kueri nilai potensi resiliensi dan tekanan terhadap kriteria pengelolaan. Analisis persepsi masyarakat dilakukan melalui penerapan metode tabulasi yang didahului proses editing dan coding. Metode hybrid A’WOT diterapkan untuk analisis prioritas strategi pengelolaan ekosistem terumbu karang. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata persentase karang hidup di Teluk Doreri 46,75%, dimana tergolong cukup baik, namun demikian ada potensi perkembangan rezim abiotik dan alga yang diperkuat dengan pola spasial tren pengurangan tutupan karang hidup yang cukup tajam dalam kurun waktu 15 tahun terakhir. Potensi resiliensi ekosistem terumbu karang umumnya masih cukup baik berdasarkan indikator-indikator proses resiliensi, namun terdapat kelemahan pada aspek indikator biomassa dan kehadiran kelompok fungsional ikan herbivora. Hampir 50% lokasi yang disurvei menghadapi potensi tekanan atau stress yang tinggi, bahkan 70% lokasi mengalami tekanan tinggi khusus dalam bentuk tekanan penangkapan. Hasil queri terhadap kriteria-kriteria penentuan area target dan tindakan pengelolaan menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan perikanan dan penegakan hukum adalah prioritas yang utama, disamping juga pemantauan pemutihan karang (bleaching) dan dukungan pemulihan. Prioritas strategi utama adalah meningkatkan keterpaduan antar sektor dan stakeholder dalam pengelolaan terumbu karang, membangun perilaku dan partisipasi aktif masyakat dalam pelestarian dan pengelolaan ekosistem terumbu karang, dan meningkatkan pemantauan kondisi terumbu karang dan efektifitas penegakan hukum. Berdasarkan hasil disarankan program pemantauan jangka panjang juga perlu dilakukan untuk memperoleh tren indikator-indikator proses resiliensi dan tantangan resiliensi. Disamping itu perlu upaya untuk meningkatkan kesadaran, pemahaman, serta dukungan dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan ekosistem terumbu karang mulai dari proses perencanaan sampai pengawasan dan evaluasi.

English Abstract

Coral reef resilience-based management (CR-RBM) is a new paradigm and has become a key concept to support the ability of coral reef systems to deal with local pressures and the effects of climate change. Resilience-based management includes two important aspects, namely the assessment of the potential for spatial resilience and planning or management strategies that are in accordance with the conditions of the resilience of coral reef systems. So far the studies to determine indicators of resilience assessment have made significant progress, but are still limited in the framework for formulating management strategies based on the conditions of resilience of coral reef ecosystems. This study combines different approaches in assessing the resilience of coral reef ecosystems, namely the assessment of potential coral reef regimes/status, assessment of potential resilience, and assessment of potential stress within a framework to determine actions and strategies for managing coral reef ecosystems in Doreri Bay area, Manokwari Regency. The objectives of this study are: 1) to analyze the status and potential of reef regimes that exist in coral reef ecosystems; 2) analyze the ecological resilience potential of coral reefs; 3) analyze the potential pressure of human activity on coral reefs; 4) modeling the scenario of changes in pressure on the resilience and status of coral reefs; 5) formulate management strategies that support the resilience and sustainability of coral reef ecosystems. This research will contribute to filling in the gaps in the coral reef database, provide information on the current conditions of resilience of coral reef ecosystems, and contribute to the improvement of a framework that accommodates aspects of assessing resilience in coral reef management planning. This research applies descriptive method with field observation, documentation study, literature study and statistical modeling as the data source. The variables used are grouped into 3 groups of variables, namely process variables, pressure variables and benthic habitat variables. Data was collected by applying a field approach (observation and interview), laboratory analysis and spatial analysis. The potential of coral reef regimes is assessed by applying descriptive statistics (mean±SE), PSI analysis (phase shift index), PCA correlation, hierarchical cluster, and K-means cluster. The spatial pattern of coral reef changes was obtained through multisensoral and multitemporal Landsat satellite image processing. Analysis of the potential for relative resilience and potential pressure following the calculation method according to Maynard et al. (2015) which includes the process of compilation, normalization, setting a oneway scale, calculating the average value, calculating the value of relative potential and determining the ranking of locations/sites. Determination of management actions is carried out through queries of potential resilience values and pressures on management criteria. Analysis of community perception is done through the application of tabulation methods that are preceded by the process of editing and coding. A’WOT hybrid method is applied to prioritize the analysis of the management of coral reef ecosystems. The results show that the average percentage of live coral in Doreri Bay is 46,75%, which is quite good, however, there is the potential for the development of abiotic and algal regimes which are strengthened by the spatial pattern of trends in the reduction of live coral cover in the last 15 years. The potential for resilience of coral reef ecosystems is generally still quite good based on indicators of the resilience process, but there are weaknesses in the indicator aspects of biomass and the presence of herbivorous fish functional groups. Nearly 50% of the locations surveyed face the potential for high pressure or stress, even 70% of locations experience high pressure, especially in the form of fishing pressure. Query results on the criteria for determining target areas and management actions indicate that fisheries management and law enforcement are the top priorities, as well as bleaching and recovery support. The main strategic priorities are to improve integration between sectors and stakeholders in coral reef management, build behavior and active participation of the community in the preservation and management of coral reef ecosystems, and improve monitoring of coral reef conditions and the effectiveness of law enforcement. Based on the results it is suggested that a long-term monitoring program also needs to be carried out to obtain trends in indicators of the process and challenges of resilience. In addition, efforts need to be made to increase awareness, understanding and support and participation of the community in managing coral reef ecosystems from the planning process to monitoring and evaluation.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doktor)
Identification Number:	DIS/639.9/PAT/a/2018/061900513
Subjects:	600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 639 Hunting, fishing & conservation > 639.9 Conservation of biological resources
Divisions:	S2/S3 > Doktor Ilmu Perikanan dan Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan
Depositing User:	soegeng sugeng
Date Deposited:	11 Oct 2022 01:33
Last Modified:	11 Oct 2022 01:33
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/195507

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