Putri, Riska Sulistianti and Prof. Dr. Ir. Eddy Suprayitno, M.S (2022) Pengaruh Penambahan Carboxymethyl Cellulose (Cmc) terhadap Kualitas Serbuk Albumin Ikan Gabus (Channa striata) Dari Tambak Leran, Manyar, Gresik, Jawa Timur. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Indonesia memiliki potensi produksi sumberdaya perikanan yang besar. Salah satu potensi hasil perikanan yang layak untuk dimanfaatkan lebih lanjut yakni ikan gabus dengan kandungan kadar albuminnya yang cukup tinggi. Albumin adalah protein globular yang terdiri dari rantai polipeptida tunggal dari 585 residu asam amino dan memiliki berat molekul sekitar 66 kDa. Albumin ikan gabus yang banyak dijual berupa cairan. Karakteristik cair memiliki stabilitas yang kurang baik, tidak efisien dan cenderung menyebabkan penurunan mutu yang lebih besar sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk meningkatkan mutu yaitu dengan menyerbukkan ekstrak ikan gabus. Dalam proses penyerbukan ikan gabus dibutuhkan suatu bahan pengisi yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan serbuk yang memiliki fungsi melindungi senyawa aktif target, mengurangi kehilangan senyawa aktif selama proses pengeringan dan meningkatkan rendemen produk. Salah satu bahan pengisi yang dapat dimanfaatkan adalah carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Rumusan masalah dari penelitian ini yakni bagaimana pengaruh penambahan carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) terhadap kualitas serbuk albumin ikan gabus (Channa striata)? dan berapakah konsentrasi carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) yang optimal untuk menghasilkan kualitas serbuk albumin ikan gabus (Channa striata) yang terbaik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan CMC terhadap kualitas serbuk albumin ikan gabus dengan metode vacuum drying dan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) yang optimal untuk menghasilkan kualitas serbuk albumin ikan gabus (Channa striata) yang terbaik. Hipotesis dari penelitian ini yakni diduga terdapat pengaruh penambahan carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) terhadap kualitas serbuk albumin ikan gabus dan diduga konsentrasi 3% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) akan menghasilkan kualitas serbuk albumin ikan gabus terbaik. Penelitian pendahuluan menggunakan penambahan konsentrasi CMC 1%;2%;3% dengan parameter uji rendemen, kadar air dan kadar albumin. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian utama yaitu metode eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) menggunakan 4 perlakuan penambahan CMC (2%;3%,5%) dan 6 kali ulangan. Data hasil dianalisis dengan ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan terhadap respon parameter yang dilakukan, dengan uji F pada taraf 5% dan jika didapatkan hasil yang berbeda nyata maka dilakukan uji Tukey pada taraf 5%. Dari hasil penelitian pendahuluan didapatkan nilai rendemen tertinggi pada penambahan CMC 5% yaitu 8,7%, kadar air terendah pada penambahan CMC 3% dengan nilai 1,1 dan kadar albumin tertinggi yaitu 3,38% pada penambahan CMC 3%. Oleh karena itu diambil konsentrasi CMC 3% dan 5% sebagai acuan konsentrasi penelitian utama. Hasil penelitian utama menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh penambahan CMC terhadap kualitas serbuk albumin yang meliputi rendemen, kadar air, kadar protein, kadar abu, daya serap air, kadar albumin, dan kadar lemak. Penentuan perlakuan terbaik dengan menggunakan metode indeks efektifitas De Garmo. Didapatkan perlakuan terbaik yaitu penambahan CMC 3% dengan rendemen 5,99%, kadar air 5,47%, kadar protein 32,55%, kadar abu 3,3%, daya serap air 2,37%, kadar albumin 8,08%, dan kadar lemak 4,91%. Setelah didapatkan perlakuan terbaik dilanjutkan uji kecerahan, profil asam amino, profil asam lemak dan kondisi ekologis habitat bahan baku ikan. Perlakuan penambahan CMC 3% mendapat nilai lebih rendah dibanding perlakuan kontrol penambahan CMC 0%. Nilai L* pada penambahan CMC 3% yakni 21,89%. Profil asam amino tertinggi yang didapat pada serbuk albumin ikan gabus dengan perlakuan penambahan CMC 3% yaitu asam amino glutamat (4629,43mg/kg) dan asam amino aspartat (4705,52mg/kg), sedangkan asam amino crude albumin sebagai pembanding didapatkan paling tinggi asam amino glisin (2420,53mg/kg) dan asam amino glutamat (1878,86mg/kg). Profil asam lemak tertinggi yang didapat pada serbuk albumin ikan gabus dengan perlakuan penambahan CMC 3% yaitu asam lemak linoleat (0,1156 %) dan asam lemak laurat. (0,1378%) Sedangkan pada crude albumin sebagai pembanding medapatkan tertinggi asam lemak dokosadienoat (0,0513%) dan asam oleat (0,469 %). Kondisi ekologis habitat bahan baku ikan tambak Leran, Manyar, Gresik, Jawa Timur meliputi suhu, pH, BOD, COD, kelimpahan fitoplankton dan zooplankton pada air tambak Leran, Manyar, Gresik, Jawa Timur. Didapatkan suhu 28oC, pH 9, BOD 99,94 mg/L, COD 99,94 mg/L, fitoplankton yang didapatkan yaitu Trachelomonas sp., Aulocaseira sp. dan Phaeocystis sp., sedangkan untuk jenis zooplankton yaitu Calanus sp. dan Dioptamus sp. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa serbuk albumin dengan penambahan bahan penyalut CMC memberikan pengaruh terhadap kualitas serbuk albumin ikan gabus yang meliputi parameter kadar albumin, air, abu, protein, lemak, daya serap uap air, rendemen. Serbuk albumin ikan gabus yang terbaik didapatkan pada penambahan CMC 3% yaitu dengan nilai kadar albumin 8,08%, kadar air 5,47%, kadar abu 3,3%, kadar protein 32,55%, kadar lemak 4,91%, daya serap uap air 2,37% dan rendemen 5,75%. Pada parameter kecerahan didapatkan nilai L* 25,35. Profil asam amino tertinggi yaitu asam amino glutamat dan asam amino aspartat. Profil asam lemak tertinggi yaitu asam lemak linoleat dan asam lemak laurat.
English Abstract
Indonesia has a large potential for the production of fishery resources. One of the potential fishery products that deserves to be further utilized is snakehead fish with a fairly high albumin content. Albumin is a globular protein consisting of a single polypeptide chain of 585 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of about 66 kDa. Snakehead fish albumin is mostly sold in the form of liquid. Liquid characteristics have poor stability, are inefficient and tend to cause greater quality degradation, so efforts are needed to improve quality by pollinating snakehead fish extract. In the process of pollinating snakehead fish, a filler material is needed which is used to produce powder which has the function of protecting the target active compound, reducing the loss of active compounds during the drying process and increasing the yield of the product. One of the fillers that can be used is carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The problem formulation of this research is how the effect of adding carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to the quality of snakehead fish (Channa striata) albumin powder? and what is the optimal concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to produce the best quality of snakehead fish (Channa striata) albumin powder. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of CMC on the quality of snakehead fish albumin powder by vacuum drying method and to determine the optimal concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to produce the best quality of snakehead fish albumin (Channa striata) powder. The hypothesis of this research is that there is an effect of adding carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on the quality of snakehead fish albumin powder and it is suspected that a concentration of 3% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) will produce the best quality of snakehead fish albumin powder. Preliminary research using the addition of CMC concentration 1%;2%;3% with test parameters yield, water content and albumin content. The method used in the main research is the experimental method with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) using 4 additional treatments of CMC (2%;3%,5%) and 6 replications. The result data were analyzed by ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) to determine the effect of treatment on the response parameters carried out, with the F test at the 5% level and if the results were significantly different, the Tukey test was performed at the 5% level. From the results of the preliminary study, the highest yield value was found in the addition of 5% CMC, namely 8.7%, the lowest water content was in the addition of 3% CMC with a value of 1.1 and the highest albumin content was 3.38% with the addition of 3% CMC. Therefore, the concentrations of 3% and 5% CMC were taken as the reference concentrations for the main study. The results of the main study showed that there was an effect of the addition of CMC on the quality of albumin powder which included yield, moisture content, protein content, ash content, water absorption, albumin content, and fat content. Determination of the best treatment using the De Garmo effectiveness index method. The best treatment was obtained, namely the addition of 3% CMC with a yield of 5.99%, water content 5.47%, protein content 32.55%, ash content 3.3%, water absorption 2.37%, albumin content 8.08% , and 4.91% fat content. After obtaining the best treatment, the brightness test, amino acid profile, fatty acid profile and ecological conditions of the fish raw material habitat were tested. The treatment with 3% CMC addition got a lower value than the control treatment with 0% CMC addition. The value of L* on the addition of 3% CMC is 21.89%. The highest amino acid profile obtained in snakehead fish albumin powder with the addition of 3% CMC treatment, namely glutamic amino acids (4629.43 mg/kg) and aspartic amino acids (4705.52 mg/kg), while crude albumin amino acids as comparisons were obtained the highest. the amino acid glycine (2420.53mg/kg) and the amino acid glutamate (1878.86mg/kg). The highest fatty acid profile obtained in snakehead fish albumin powder with the addition of 3% CMC, namely linoleic fatty acid (0.1156%) and lauric fatty acid. (0.1378%) Meanwhile, crude albumin as a comparison has the highest docosadienoic fatty acid (0.0513%) and oleic acid (0.469%). Ecological conditions of raw material habitat for fish ponds in Leran, Manyar, Gresik, East Java include temperature, pH, BOD, COD, abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton in pond water in Leran, Manyar, Gresik, East Java. The temperature was 28oC, pH 9, BOD 99.94 mg/L, COD 99.94 mg/L, phytoplankton obtained were Trachelomonas sp., Aulocaseira sp. and Phaeocystis sp., while for the type of zooplankton, namely Calanus sp. and Dioptamus sp. From this study, it was concluded that albumin powder with the addition of CMC coating material had an effect on the quality of snakehead fish albumin powder which included parameters of albumin content, water, ash, protein, fat, water vapor absorption, yield. The best snakehead fish albumin powder was obtained with the addition of 3% CMC, namely with a value of 8.08% albumin content, 5.47% water content, ash content 3.3%, protein content 32.55%, fat content 4.91%, water vapor absorption 2.37% and yield 5.75%. In the brightness parameter, the value of L* is 25.35. The highest amino acid profiles are glutamic amino acids and aspartic amino acids. The highest fatty acid profiles were linoleic and lauric fatty acids.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522080200 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 639 Hunting, fishing & conservation > 639.2 Commercial fishing, whaling, sealing |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan > Teknologi Hasil Perikanan |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 26 Sep 2022 02:30 |
| Last Modified: | 26 Sep 2022 02:30 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/194789 |
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