Suryaningrat, Muhammad and Prof. Dr. Eng. Mega Nur Sasongko, ST, MT and Dr. Eng. Nurkholis Hamidi, ST., M.Eng. (2022) Pengaruh Penambahan Aditif Metanol Terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Sudut Penyemprotan Bahan Bakar Biodiesel Kelapa Sawit. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Biodiesel merupakan salah satu energi alternatif yang berasal dari sumber terbarukan dan memiliki keunggulan berupa efisiensi pembakaran yang tinggi dan hasil pembakarannya memberikan efek positif terhadap lingkungan. Meskipun pemanfaatan biodiesel memberikan dampak positif, pada kenyataannya penggunaannya pada mesin masih beroperasi secara kasar, kehilangan daya yang besar, peningkatan kebisingan pembakaran atau kegagalan stabilitas. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh kandungan utama dari biodiesel yaitu fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yang diketahui memiliki stabilitas oksidasi yang buruk, viskositas dan densitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan mineral diesel sehingga akan menurunkan kualitas atomisasi injeksi bahan bakar di dalam ruang bakar, semprotan bahan bakar, dan keseragaman campuran karena deposit yang terbentuk baik injektor maupun ruang bakar. Dalam upaya mengatasi hal tersebut, perlu adanya penambahan zat aditif . Salah satu zat aditif yang berpotensi adalah metanol (CH3OH). Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian penambahan aditif terhadap biodiesel dengan tujuan Mengetahui pengaruh variasi pencampuran zat aditif metanol dan biodiesel B100 terhadap pembentukan dan karakteristik deposit pada diesel fuel injector, dan mengetahui pengaruh variasi pencampuran zat aditif metanol dan biodiesel B100 terhadap viskositas, densitas, nilai kalor, sudut penyemprotan pada diesel fuel injector. Variabel bebas yang digunakan adalah prosentase campuran bahan bakar biodiesel B100 dari kelapa sawit dengan metanol 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% dan 25%. Analisa yang dilakukan meliputi analisa viskositas, densitas, nilai kalor dan sudut penyemprotan. Sedangkan karakterisasi yang dilakukan menggunakan teknologi gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) dan SEM-EDX. Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwasanya penggunaan biodiesel (B100) dapat memberikan deposit ataupun jelaga pada dinding tabung injektor yang disemprotkan selama 250 jam dengan massa deposit sebesar 0,1 gr. Berdasarkan hasil dari uji SEM-EDX terdapat beberapa unsur penyusun dari deposit yaitu karbon (C); oksigen (O); Natrium (Na); Alumininium (Al); Silika (Si); dan Kalium (K) dengan masing-masingnya memiliki berat 61,14%; 33,82%; 2,46%; 1,07%; 0,99%; dan 0,52%. Selain itu, pencampuran biodiesel (B100) dengan berbagai kadar metanol memberikan komposisi FAME yang berbeda-beda berdasarkan uji GC-MS. Hasil FAME untuk setiap campuran B100M5 dan B100M10, B100M15, B100M20 dan B100M25 masing-masing sebesar 98,70%; 98,58%; 98,31%; 99,15%; 99,22%, dan 99,23%. Penambahan metanol kepada biodiesel (B100) memberikan pengaruh terhadap penurunan karakteristik fisik dari bahan bakar biodiesel yang dihasilkan. Semakin besar kadar metanol yang ditambahkan maka semakin kecil densitas, viskositas dan nilai kalor yang dihasilkan tersebut. Densitas dan viskositas yang optimum diperoleh pada saat penambahan metanol 25% yaitu masing-masing sebesar sebesar 0,844 gr/mL dan 11,67 cSt. Sedangkan pada karakteristik nilai kalor optimum diperoleh pada saat penambahan metanol 10% yaitu sebesar 9247,70 cal/gram. Sedangkan jika ditinjau pada sudut penyemprotan bahan bakar, campuran
English Abstract
Biodiesel is an alternative energy that comes from renewable sources and has the advantage of high combustion efficiency and its combustion products have a positive effect on the environment. Although the use of biodiesel has a positive impact, in reality its use in engines is still operating roughly, large loss of power, increased combustion noise or stability failure. This is due to the main content of biodiesel, namely fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) which is known to have poor oxidation stability, higher viscosity and density than mineral diesel, which will reduce the atomization quality of fuel injection in the combustion chamber, fuel spray, and uniformity of the mixture due to deposits formed in both the injector and combustion chamber. In an effort to overcome this, it is necessary to add additives. One of the potential additives is methanol (CH3OH). Therefore, a study was conducted on the addition of additives to biodiesel with the aim of knowing the effect of variations in the mixing of methanol and biodiesel B100 additives on the formation and characteristics of deposits in diesel fuel injectors, and knowing the effect of variations in the mixing of methanol and biodiesel B100 additives on the viscosity, density, calorific value, the angle of spraying on the diesel fuel injector. The independent variable used is the percentage of biodiesel fuel mixture B100 from palm oil with methanol 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. The analysis carried out includes analysis of viscosity, density, heating value and spraying angle. Meanwhile, the characterization was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technology and SEM-EDX. The result of this research is that the use of biodiesel (B100) can give deposits or soot on the walls of the injector tube which is sprayed for 250 hours with a deposit mass of 0.1 g. Based on the results of the SEM-EDX test, there are several constituent elements of the deposit, namely carbon (C); oxygen (O); Sodium (Na); Aluminum (Al); Silica (Si); and Potassium (K) with each weighing 61.14%; 33.82%; 2.46%; 1.07%; 0.99%; and 0.52%. In addition, mixing biodiesel (B100) with various levels of methanol gave different FAME compositions based on the GC-MS test. The FAME results for each mixture of B100M5 and B100M10, B100M15, B100M20 and B100M25 were 98.70%, respectively; 98.58%; 98.31%; 99.15%; 99.22%, and 99.23%. The addition of methanol to biodiesel (B100) has an effect on decreasing the fissile characteristics of the biodiesel fuel produced. The greater the content of methanol added, the smaller the density, viscosity and calorific value produced. The optimum density and viscosity were obtained when 25% methanol was added, which were 0.844 g/mL and 11.67 cSt, respectively. Meanwhile, the optimum calorific value characteristic was obtained when 10% methanol was added, which was 9247.70 cal/gram. Meanwhile, when viewed from the angle of fuel spraying, the mixture can increase the spray angle. This is due to a decrease in the density and viscosity of the biodiesel fuel mixture with methanol.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0422070006 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Kata Kunci : Biodiesel, Metanol, Injektor Sudut Penyemprotan |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 621 Applied physics > 621.8 Machine engineering |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknik > Teknik Mesin |
| Depositing User: | yulia Chasanah |
| Date Deposited: | 16 Aug 2022 03:06 |
| Last Modified: | 16 Aug 2022 03:06 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/193261 |
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