Irawan, Dwi Dianita (2019) Pengaruh Pemberian Kitosan Terhadap Diameter Folikel Antral Dan Kadar 17B Estradiol Pada Serum Darah Tikus Betina Galur Wistar Yang Dipapar Timbal Asetat. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Berkembangnya daerah industri meningkatkan polusi, seperti logam berat timbal yang merupakan bahan toksik. Manusia terpapar timbal melalui inhalasi, peroral dan kontak langsung. Timbal dapat mempengaruhi sistem reproduksi seperti contohnya ovarium. Timbal mampu menurunkan anzim antioksidan (SOD, CAT, GSH). Timbal juga mampu mengikat gugus sulfhidril dan menonaktifkan enzim dalam bioseintesis heme seperti ALAD, rendahnya ALAD mengakibatkan peningkatan ALA dalam darah yang merupakan senyawa yang menstimulasi produksi ROS. Timbal mampu menembus BBB dan menggantikan fungsi Ca2+ sebagai Second Massenger sehingga mempengaruhi kerja hipotalamus dalam memproduksi hormon seks sehingga menurunkan produksi FSH dan LH. Akumulasi timbal dalam tubuh akan menyebabkan stess oksidatif dan penurunan FSH dan LH yang akan mengganggu fungsi ovarium. ovarium merupakan tempat terjadinya folikulogenesis dan biosintesis 17B estradiol. Dibutuhkan antioksidan yang mampu menekan toksisitas timbal, kitosan merupakan suatu senyawa yang berasal dari ekstraksi cangkang krustasea khususnya udang dan kepiting. Kitosan memiliki mekanisme antioksidan melalui kemampuannya menstabilkan ion radikal bebas (Scavenging) dan mampu mengikat ion logam (Chelathing). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kitosan terhadap diameter folikel antral dan kadar 17B estradiol serum darah tikus betina yang dipapar timbal. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian studi eksperimental laboratorik dengan posttest only group control design. Tikus yang digunakan sebanyak 25 ekor tikus betina, sehat, tidak hamil, usia 8-10 mgg, BB 125-175 gr yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok kontrol negatif tidak diberikan perlakuan apapun, kelompok kontrol positif diberikan timbal 175 mg/kg/bb, dan kelompok perlakuan 1, 2, dan 3 diberikan timbal 175 mg/kg/bb dan kitosan 16, 32, dan 64, mg/Kg/BB. Timbal diencerkan dengan aquades dan kitosan diencerkan dengan asam asetat 2%, diberikan peroral selama 30 hari. Pembedahan dilakukan saat tikus memasuki fase proestrus dibuktikan dengan swab vagina. Pemeriksaan diameter folikel antral menggunakan metode pewarnaan HE dilihat di mikroskop pembesaran 400x. Pemeriksaan 17B estradiol menggunakan metode ELISA dengan menggunakan Rat E2 (Estradiol) ELISA Kit Elabscience. Analisis data menggunakan uji One Way Annova dilanjutkan dengan LSD. Korelasi Spearman untuk melihat hubungan pemberian kitosan terhadap diameter folikel antral dan kadar 17β estradiol serum darah. Uji One Way Annova pada diameter folikel antral didapatkan p-value 0,005 (≤ 0,05) sehingga terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada diameter folikel antral pada setiap kelompok penelitian. Pada uji LSD didapatkan kontrol positif berbeda secara signifikan terhadap kontrol negatif, hal ini menunjukan bahwa timbal mampu memperkecil diameter folikel antral tikus yang dipapar timbal. Hal tersebut kemungkinan disebabkan oleh timbal yang menyebabkan stress oksidatif dan gangguan biosintesis hormon sehingga pertumbuhan folikel antral terganggu. Pada kontrol positif juga didapatkan perbedaan yang signifikan dibanding kelompok perlakuan 3, hal ini menunjukan bahwa pemberian kitosan mampu memperbesar diameter folikel antral tikus yang dipapar timbal. Kitosan yang dianggap memiliki manfaat sebagai antioksidan, gugus amino dalam kitosan dianggap efektif untuk mengikat ion logam atau sebagai adsorben ion logam. Gugus amino dan hidroksil pada kitosan menyebabkan kitosan menjadi lebih reaktif karena sifat polielektrolit kation sehingga berperan sebagai penukar ion
English Abstract
The development of industrial areas increases pollution, such as heavy metal lead which is a toxic material. Humans are exposed to lead through inhalation, oral and direct contact. Lead can affect the reproductive system such as the ovary. Lead can reduce antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH). Lead is also capable of binding to the sulfhydryl group and deactivating enzymes in heme biosynthesis such as ALAD, the low ALAD results in an increase in ALA in the blood which is a compound that stimulates the production of ROS. Lead is able to penetrate BBB and replace the function of Ca2+ as Second Messenger so that it affects the function of the hypothalamus in producing sex hormones thereby reducing FSH and LH production. Lead accumulation in the body will cause oxidative stress and a decrease in FSH and LH which will interfere with ovarian function. The ovary is the site of folliculogenesis and biosynthesis of 17BB estradiol. Antioxidants are needed to suppress lead toxicity, chitosan is a compound derived from the extraction of crustacean shells, especially shrimp and crabs. Chitosan has an antioxidant mechanism through its ability to stabilize free radicals (Scavenging) and is able to bind metal ions (Chelating). This study aims to determine the effect of chitosan on diameter of the antral follicle and estradiol 17BB blood serum levels of female rats wistar strain to acetate lead. This study used a laboratory experimental research design with posttest only group control design. The rats used were 25 female rats, healthy, not pregnant, aged 8-10 mg, WB 125-17B5 gr which were divided into 5 groups. The negative control group did not recieve any treatment, the positive control group was given lead 17B5 mg/kg/wb, and the treatment groups 1, 2, and 3 were given lead 17β5 mg/kg/ wb and chitosan 16, 32, and 64, mg/Kg/wb. Lead was diluted with distilled water and chitosan was diluted with 2% acetic acid, given orally for 30 days. Dissected is performed when the rat enters the proestrus phase as evidenced by a vaginal swab. The examination diameter of antral follicle using the HE staining method was seen in a 400x magnification microscope. 17BB estradiol examination using the ELISA method using Rat E2 (Estradiol) Elabscience ELISA Kit. Data analysis using the One Way ANOVA test followed by LSD. Spearman correlation to see the relationship between dosis of chitosan to the diameter of antral follicle. Diameter of the antral follicle obtained p-value 0.005 (≤ 0.05) so that there was a significant difference in the diameter of the antral follicles in each study group. In the LSD test, positive control was significantly different from the negative control, indicating that lead was able to reduce the diameter of the antral follicles of rats exposed to lead. This is probably caused by lead which causes oxidative stress and disruption of hormone biosynthesis so that the growth of antral follicles is disrupted. In the positive control also found a significant difference compared to treatment group 3 to increase the diameter of antral follicles of rats exposed to lead. Chitosan which is considered to have benefits as an antioxidant, amino groups in chitosan are considered effective for binding metal ions or as adsorbents of metal ions. The amino and hydroxyl groups in chitosan cause chitosan to be more reactive because of the polyelectrolyte cation so that it acts as an ion exchanger
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/615.328/IRA/p/2019/041905812 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Kitosan, Folikel Antral , Estradiol, Serum Darah |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 615 Pharmacology and therapeutics > 615.3 Organics drugs > 615.32 Drugs derived from plants and mikroorganisms > 615.328 Vitamins |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Kebidanan, Fakultas Kedokteran |
| Depositing User: | Endang Susworini |
| Date Deposited: | 03 Aug 2022 05:11 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Aug 2022 05:11 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/192972 |
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