Febryana, Claudia Sinta and Prof. Dr. Ir. Nuhfil Hanani AR., , Ms. and Putri Budi Setyowati,, SP., M.Sc (2022) Analisis Kelayakan Finansial Usahatani Cengkeh (Syzygium Aromaticum L.) Di Desa Ledug, Kecamatan Prigen, Kabupaten Pasuruan. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman perkebunan merupakan tanaman yang harus dikembangkan secara berkelanjutan di Indonesia karena dapat memenuhi kebutuhan domestik maupun kebutuhan internasional. Salah satu tanaman perkebunan yang membangun perekonomian Indonesia adalah tanaman cengkeh. Indonesia merupakan negara pengekspor cengkeh terbesar di dunia. Cengkeh merupakan komoditi perkebunan yang banyak digunakan oleh industri rokok. Sekitar 80-90% cengkeh digunakan untuk industri rokok, sedangkan sisanya digunakan untuk minyak cengkeh, kosmetik, parfum, maupun rempah-rempah (Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan, 2013). Perkembangan komoditi cengkeh dari tahun ke tahun di Indonesia mengalami pasang surut. Luas areal lahan cengkeh mencapai titik tertinggi pada tahun 1987 seluas 742 ribu Ha. Namun, pada tahun 2000 mengalami penurunan drastis hingga luasnya 415 ribu Ha. Pada tahun 2011 luas areal lahan cengkeh menjadi 470 ribu Ha dan terus meningkat secara perlahan. Meskipun luas areal lahan cengkeh mengalami kenaikan, tetapi belum dapat mendekati atau bahkan menyamai luas areal lahan cengkeh pada saat masa kejayaan tanaman tersebut. Selain itu, produktivitas tanaman cengkeh di Indonesia tergolong rendah. Menurut Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan (2020) menyatakan bahwa produktivitas cengkeh masih berada di bawah potensinya yaitu 500-600 Kg/Ha. Produktivitas tanaman cengkeh yang rendah disebabkan oleh kurangnya kegiatan peremajaan tanaman dan serangan organisme pengganggu tanaman. Permasalahan tersebut dirasakan oleh petani cengkeh Desa Ledug Kecamatan Prigen, Kabupaten Pasuruan. Produktivitas tanaman cengkeh pada tahun 2020 di Kecamatan Prigen hanya 437,5 Kg/Ha, masih di bawah potensinya. Selain itu, harga bunga cengkeh kering pada petani di desa Ledug cenderung fluktuatif. Hal tersebut menyebabkan beberapa tahun belakangan ini, luas lahan cengkeh di ii Kecamatan Prigen mengalami penurunan. Pasar cengkeh pun di Kabupaten Pasuruan banyak yang ilegal sehingga tengkulak cengkeh memasarkan cengkeh di luar Kabupaten Pasuruan. Berdasarkan uraian di atas, dirasa penting untuk melakukan analisis kelayakan finansial usahatani cengkeh di Desa Ledug, Kecamatan Prigen, Kabupaten Pasuruan. Jika memang layak untuk diusahakan, usahatani cengkeh dapat dilanjutkan dan dikembangkan. Namun, bila tidak layak untuk diusahakan maka harus dilakukan perbaikan untuk usahatani cengkeh tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini antara lain: (1) Menganalisis biaya, penerimaan, dan pendapatan usahatani cengkeh di Desa Ledug, Kecamatan Prigen, Kabupaten Pasuruan. (2) Menganalisis kelayakan finansial usahatani cengkeh di Desa Ledug, Kecamatan Prigen, Kabupaten Pasuruan. (3) Menganalisis sensitivitas usahatani cengkeh di Desa Ledug, Kecamatan Prigen, Kabupaten Pasuruan jika terjadi perubahan harga jual bunga cengkeh kering, produksi bunga cengkeh kering, dan tingkat suku bunga. Metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan lokasi penelitian yaitu metode purposive, dimana Desa Ledug, Kecamatan prigen, Kabupaten Pasuruan dituju sebagai lokasi penelitian. Hal tersebut dikarenakan Kecamatan prigen merupakan kecamatan terbesar ketiga penghasil cengkeh di Kabupaten Pasuruan dan Desa Ledug merupakan salah satu desa penghasil cengkeh terbesar di kecamatan Prigen. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni hingga Agustus 2021. Penentuan sampel petani cengkeh menggunakan proportionate stratified random sampling karena setiap petani cengkeh di Desa ledug memiliki tanaman cengkeh dengan umur berbeda sehingga teknik tersebut cocok digunakan apabila mempunyai anggota/unsur yang tidak homogen namun berstrata secara proporsional (Sugiyono, 2012). Total sampel petani cengkeh yaitu 67 orang. Analisis yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis biaya, penerimaan, pendapatan, NPV, IRR, Net B/C Ratio, payback periode, dan analisis sensitivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kegiatan usahatani cengkeh di Desa Ledug, Kecamatan Prigen, Kabupaten Pasuruan selama 30 tahun membutuhkan total biaya sebesar Rp. 1.058.184.653, dengan rata-rata biaya per tahunnya yaitu Rp. 35.272.821,76. Rata-rata biaya tertinggi yaitu biaya tenaga kerja dalam iii kegiatan pemanenan yaitu sebesar Rp. 14.114.400. Total penerimaan yang didapatkan petani selama 30 tahun berusahatani cengkeh yaitu Rp. 1.350.260.832,67, dengan rata-rata penerimaan per tahunnya yaitu Rp. 45.008.694,42. Sehingga, petani mendapatkan total pendapatan sebesar Rp. 292.076.179,23 dengan rata-rata pendapatan per tahun sebesar Rp. 9.735.872,64. Hasil analisis kelayakan finansial usahatani cengkeh di Desa Ledug, Kecamatan Prigen, Kabupaten Pasuruan selama 30 tahun dengan tingkat suku bunga sebesar 6% dapat dikatakan layak secara finansial. Hal tersebut dikarenakan didapatkan nilai NPV yaitu sebesar Rp. 100.859.346,3. Nilai IRR yaitu sebesar 28,94%. Serta, nilai Net B/C Ratio yaitu sebesar 8,55. Selain itu, didapatkan nilai Payback Periode sebesar 10,17 atau 10 tahun 2 bulan. Hasil dari analisis sensitivitas kegiatan usahatani cengkeh di Desa Ledug, Kecamatan Prigen, Kabupaten Pasuruan menyatakan bahwa usahatani cengkeh tidak sensitif dikarenakan usahatani masih layak dijalankan jika terjadi penurunan harga jual bunga cengkeh kering sebesar 20%, penurunan produksi sebesar 25%, dan peningkatan suku bunga sebesar 3%. Usahatani cengkeh juga masih layak dijalankan jika terjadi penurunan harga bunga cengkeh kering sebesar 20% diiringi dengan penurunan produksi sebesar 14%, penurunan harga bunga cengkeh kering sebesar 20% diiringi dengan kenaikan suku bunga sebesar 3%, penurunan produksi sebesar 25% diiringi dengan kenaikan suku sunga sebesar 3%, dan gabungan antara kenaikan harga jual sebesar 20% diiringi dengan penurunan produksi sebesar 25% dan kenaikan suku bunga sebesar 3%. Namun, usahatani sensitif jika terjadi penurunan harga jual bunga cengkeh kering sebesar 20% diiringi dengan penurunan produksi bunga cengkeh kering sebesar 14% dan suku bunga naik sebesar 3% karena usahatani tidak layak untuk dijalankan
English Abstract
Plantation plants are plants that must be developed sustainably in Indonesia because they can meet domestic and international needs. One of the plantation crops that builds the Indonesian economy is the clove plant. Indonesia is the largest clove exporting country in the world. Clove is a plantation commodity that is widely used by the cigarette industry. Around 80-90% of cloves are used for the cigarette industry, while the rest is used for clove oil, cosmetics, perfumes, and spices (Center for Plantation Research and Development, 2013). The development of clove commodities from year to year in Indonesia experiences ups and downs. The area of clove land reached its highest point in 1987, covering an area of 742 thousand hectares. However, in 2000 it experienced a drastic decline to an area of 415 thousand hectares. In 2011 the area of clove land became 470 thousand hectares and continues to increase slowly. Although the area of clove land has increased, it has not been able to approach or even match the area of clove land at the time of the plant's heyday. In addition, the productivity of clove plants in Indonesia is relatively low. According to the Directorate General of Plantations (2020), clove productivity is still below its potential, which is 500-600 kg/ha. This problem is felt by clove farmers in Ledug Village, Prigen District, Pasuruan Regency. Clove crop productivity in 2020 in Prigen District was only 437.5 kg/ha, still below its potential. In addition, the price of dried clove flowers to farmers in Ledug village tends to fluctuate. This has caused the clove area to decrease in recent years. Based on the description above, it is important to analyze the financial feasibility of clove farming in Ledug Village, Prigen District, Pasuruan Regency. If it is feasible to cultivate, clove farming can be continued and developed. However, if it is not feasible to cultivate, then improvements must be made to the clove farming. v The objectives of this study include: (1) Analyzing the costs, revenues, and income of clove farming in Ledug Village, Prigen District, Pasuruan Regency. (2) Analyzing the financial feasibility of clove farming in Ledug Village, Prigen District, Pasuruan Regency. (3) Analyzing the sensitivity of clove farming in Ledug Village, Prigen District, Pasuruan Regency if there is a change in the selling price of dried clove flowers, dry clove flower production, and interest rates. The method used to determine the research location is the purposive method, where Ledug Village, Prigen District, Pasuruan Regency is intended as the research location. This is because Prigen District is the third largest clove-producing sub- district in Pasuruan Regency and Ledug Village is one of the largest clove- producing villages in Prigen District. This research was conducted in June-August 2021. Determination of the sample of clove farmers using proportionate stratified random sampling because every clove farmer in Ledug Village has clove plants of different ages so that this technique is suitable for use if it has members / elements that are not homogeneous but proportionally stratified (Sugiyono, 2012). The total sample of clove farmers is 67 people. The analysis carried out in this study is a cost analysis, The results showed that clove farming activities in Ledug Village, Prigen District, Pasuruan Regency for 30 years required a total cost of Rp. 1,058,184,653, with an average annual cost of Rp. 35,272,821.76. The highest average cost, namely labor costs in harvesting activities, is Rp. 14,114,400. The total income obtained by farmers for 30 years of clove farming is Rp. 1,350,260,832.67, with an average annual income of Rp. 45,008,694.42. Thus, farmers get a total income of Rp.292,076,179,23 with an average annual income of Rp.9,735,872.64. The results of the analysis of the financial feasibility of clove farming in Ledug Village, Prigen District, Pasuruan Regency for 30 years with an interest rate of 6% can be said to be financially feasible. This is because the NPV value obtained is Rp. 100,859,346.3. The IRR value is 28.94%. Also, the value of the Net B/C Ratio is 8.55. In addition, the Payback Period value is 10.17 or 10 years and 2 months. The results of the sensitivity analysis of clove farming activities in Ledug Village, Prigen District, Pasuruan Regency state that clove farming is not sensitive vi because farming is still feasible if there is a decrease in the selling price of dried cloves by 20%, a decrease in production by 25%, and an increase in interest rates by 20%. 3%. Clove farming is also still feasible if there is a decrease in the price of dried clove interest by 20% accompanied by a decrease in production by 14%, a decrease in the price of dried clove interest by 20% accompanied by an increase in interest rates by 3%, a decrease in production by 25% accompanied by an increase in interest rates. interest rates of 3%, and a combination of a 20% increase in selling price accompanied by a 25% decrease in production and a 3% increase in interest rates. However, farming is sensitive if there is a decrease in the selling price of dried clove flowers by 20% accompanied by a decrease in dry clove flower production by 14% and an increase in interest rates by 3% because farming is not feasible to run
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522040135 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 02 Aug 2022 07:22 |
| Last Modified: | 02 Aug 2022 07:22 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/192959 |
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