Prameswari, Rosabela Sayu and Dr. Budi Waluyo,, S.P., M.P (2021) Penampilan Karakter Morfologi Genotipe Jarak Kepyar (Ricinus Communis L.) Tahan Layu Fusarium. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman jarak kepyar (Ricinus communis L.) merupakan tanaman yang mempunyai potensi ekonomi tinggi sebagai penghasil minyak nabati. Tanaman dengan nilai komersial luar biasa ini salah satunya karena memiliki biji yang mengandung minyak 40% - 60% yang dapat digunakan untuk bahan produk industri. Di Indonesia tanaman jarak kepyar belum banyak dikembangkan seperti tanaman perkebunan lainnya. Produksi jarak kepyar setiap tahunnya mengalami penurunan, pada tahun 2013 menghasilkan 1,36 ribu ton sedangkan pada tahun 2014 hanya 1,30 ribu ton. Penurunan dapat dikarenakan kurang minatnya masyarakat dalam budidaya jarak kepyar. Salah satu kendala dalam peningkatan produksi jarak kepyar adalah hadirnya penyakit tanaman. Penyakit tanaman yang penting pada tanaman jarak kepyar ialah layu fusarium. Pengendalian penyakit layu fusarium secara kimiawi tidak cukup efektif dikarenakan patogennya merupakan patogen tanah. Pengendalian penyakit layu fusarium yang ramah lingkungan yaitu dengan menggunakan genotipe tahan. Seleksi ketahanan genotipe jarak kepyar terhadap penyakit layu fusarium akan menghasilkan genotipe-genotipe tahan. Genotipe terseleksi ini perlu dinilai penampilannya agar sesuai dengan harapan penampilan morfologi untuk memperoleh hasil tinggi. Penampilan morfologi ini meliputi keragaman dan penampilan rata-rata genotipe. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman dan penampilan karakter morfologi jarak kepyar yang mempunyai sifat tahan terhadap penyakit layu fusarium. Hipotesis penelitian ini adalah keragaman karakter morfologi didapatkan pada genotipe jarak kepyar tahan layu fusarium dan terdapat genotipe yang mempunyai penampilan unggul pada karakter morfologi. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2021 sampai Juli 2021 yang berlokasi di greenhouse, Kebun Percobaan FP UB, Kelurahan Jatimulyo, Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota Malang. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian berupa seperangkat alat budidaya jarak kepyar dan alat pengukuran seperti alat tulis, kamera, timbangan analitik, jangka sorong, meteran ukur. Bahan tanam berupa 22 genotipe tahan layu fusarium. Pupuk yang digunakan adalah pupuk kandang sapi, pupuk NPK, dan pupuk Urea. Penelitian menggunakan metode augmented design dengan 22 genotipe jarak kepyar tahan layu fusarium yang disusun dalam 4 blok dan 7 plot. Pelaksanaan penelitian meliputi persiapan bahan tanam, persiapan lahan, pemeliharaan dan panen. Pengamatan dilakukan pada masing-masing plot terhadap karakter kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Karakter kuantitatif terdiri dari tinggi tanaman, panjang batang utama, panjang tandan, jumlah ruas, panjang tangkai daun, diameter tangkai daun, panjang helai daun, lebar helai daun, banyak jari-jari daun, panjang kapsul, diameter kapsul, jumlah buah per tanaman, panjang biji, lebar biji, ketebalan biji, bobot tandan utama, bobot total biji per tanaman, jumlah total biji, bobot 100 biji. Karakter kualitatif terdiri dari lapisan lilin bawah daun, warna stigma bunga, warna batang, bentuk daun, gelombang daun, bentuk percabangan, bentuk tandan, kepadatan tandan, warna utama kapsul, warna utama biji, warna sekunder biji, bentuk biji, dan caruncle. Analisis keragaman karakter morfologi menggunakan Principal ii Component Analysis atau PCA dengan pendekatan tipe korelasi Pearson. Penilaian penampilan 22 genotipe menggunakan tabel deskripsi dan perhitungan nilai rerata, rentang, ragam, standar deviasi, serta koefisien variasi. Hasil analisis principal component analysis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat keragaman pada karakter kuantitatif dan kualitatif tanaman jarak kepyar. Terdapat 9 komponen utama yang memiliki eigenvalue >1 dengan total keragaman kumulatif 85,91%. Komponen utama pertama (PC1) memiliki eigenvalue 8,007 yang berkontribusi terhadap keragaman maksimum sebesar 25,020%. Komponen utama kedua (PC2) dengan eigenvalue 5,822 memiliki keragaman sebesar 18,193%. Pada komponen utama ketiga (PC3) memiliki nilai eigenvalue 3,891 dengan keragaman sebesar 12,160%. Penampilan pada 22 genotipe jarak kepyar tahan layu fusarium memiliki variasi. Karakter dengan koefisien variasi yang tinggi (>50%) adalah bobot tandan utama. Sedangkan keragaman yang tergolong sedang (25,1% - 50%) adalah panjang tangkai daun, jumlah ruas, panjang batang utama, panjang tandan utama, jumlah buah per tanaman, bobot buah pertanaman, dan jumlah biji. Karakter kuantitatif yang memiliki nilai koefisien variasi rendah (0,1% - 25%) adalah panjang helai daun, lebar helai daun, diameter tangkai daun, banyak jari- jari daun, tinggi tanaman, panjang kapsul, diameter kapsul, panjang biji, lebar biji, ketebalan biji, dan bobot 100 biji. Genotipe TBN 0816-36 memiliki keunggulan terhadap karakter panjang dan helai daun, panjang dan diameter tangkai daun, jumlah ruas, tinggi tanaman dan panjang batang utama. Genotipe CT4-10-3-(C864-3)-68 memiliki keunggulan pada karakter hasil seperti pada karakter jumlah biji dan bobot biji pertanaman.
English Abstract
Castor plant (Ricinus communis L.) is a plant that has high economic potential as a producer of vegetable oils. Plants with tremendous commercial value are one of them because they have seeds containing oil 40% - 60%, which can be utilized in industrial products. Castor production decreased every year, in 2013 yield 1.36 thousand tons, while in 2014 only 1.30 thousand tons. The decrease could be due to lack of public interest in the cultivation of castor. Despite being a valuable commodity economy, the genetic differences between castor germplasm still uncertain. One of the obstacles to increased production of castor is the presence of plant diseases. An important plant disease in castor is fusarium wilt. Chemical control of fusarium wilt is not effective enough because the pathogen is a soil pathogen. Fusarium wilt disease control is environmentally friendly by using resistant genotypes. Selection of the resistance of the castor bean genotype against fusarium wilt disease will produce resistant genotypes. This selected genotype needs to be assessed for its appearance so that it matches the morphological appearance expectations in order to obtain high yields. These morphological appearances include the variability and mean appearance of the genotypes. This study aims to determine the variability and appearance of the morphological characters of castors that are resistant to fusarium wilt disease. The hypothesis of this study is that the variability of morphological characters was found in the fusarium wilt resistant castor genotype and there were genotypes that had superior appearance in morphological characters. The research was conducted from January 2021 to July 2021, located in the greenhouse FP UB Experimental Garden, Jatimulyo Village, Lowokwaru District, Malang City. The tools used in the study were a set of castor bean cultivation tools and measuring instruments such as stationery, cameras, analytical scales, calipers, measuring meters. The planting material was in the form of 22 genotypes of fusarium wilt resistance. The fertilizers used are manure, NPK fertilizer, and urea fertilizer. The research used an augmented design method with 22 genotypes of castor bean resistant to fusarium wilt arranged in 2 block and 7 plots. Implementation of research includes preparation of planting material, and preparation, maintenance and harvest. Observations were made on each plot, namely the quantitative and qualitative characters. In quantitative characters: plant height, main steam height, bunch length, number of internodes, petiole length, petiole diameter, leaf blade length, leaf blade width, capsule length, capsule diameter, number of fruits on the plant, seed length, seed width, seed thickness main bunch weight, total weight of seed on the plant, total number of seed, weight of 100 seeds. In qualitative characters: leaf waxy bloom on lower side, color of stigma, steam colour, leaf shape, leaf lascination, plant branching pattern, spike shape, spike compactness, capsule colour, seed secondary color, seed main color, seed shape, and caruncle. Analysis of the variability of morphological characters using Principal Component Analysis or PCA with the Pearson correlation type approach. The performance assessment of 22 genotypes used a description table iv and the calculation of the mean, range, variance, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. The result of the principal component analysis showed that there was variability in the quantitative and qualitative characters of castor bean. There are 9 principal components that have an eigenvalue >1 with a total cumulative variability 85,91%. The first principal component (PC1) has an eigenvalue of 8,007 which contributes to the maximum variability of 25,020%. The second principal component (PC2) with eigenvalue of 5,882 has variability 18,193%. The third principal component (PC3) has an eigenvalue of 3,981 with a variability of 12,160%. Appearance on 22 genotypes of castor bean resistant to fusarium wilt have variations. Characters with high coefficient of variation (>50%) are the main bunch weight. While the variation that was classified as moderate (25,1% – 50%) was petiole length, number of internodes, main stem length, main bunch length, number of fruits, weight of fruits, and number of seeds. Quantitative characters that have a low coefficient of variation (0,1%-25%) are leaf blade length, leaf blade width, petiole diameter, plant height, capsule length, capsule diameter, seed length, seed width, seed thickness, and weight of 100 seeds. The TBN 0816-36 genotype had advantages in traits of leaf length and width, petiole length and diameter, number of internodes, plant height, and main stem length. Genotypes CT4-10-3-(C864-3)-68 have advantages in yield characteristics such as the number of seeds and total seed weight.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0521040271 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 630 Agriculture and related technologies |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Jul 2022 06:30 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Jul 2022 06:30 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/192891 |
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