Wilujeng, Retno and Prof. Ir. Eko Handayanto,, M.Sc, Ph.D and Dr. Ir. Yulia Nuraini,, MS. (2022) Pemanfatan Coal Fly Ash, Kompos Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit, Biochar Dan Fungi Pelarut Fosfat Dalam Meningkatkan Ketersediaan P Dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung Pada Ultisol. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Ultisol merupakan salah satu jenis tanah yang tersebar luas di Indonesia yang mengalami perkembangan lanjut karena terjadinya proses pencucian basa- basa yang intensif. Hal tersebut menyebabkan pH tanah rendah sehingga berdampak terhadap rendahnya kandungan hara pada Ultisol. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan ketersediaan P pada Ultisol salah satunya dengan penggunaan bahan pembenah tanah. Beberapa penelitian telah dilakukan dalam upaya peningkatan ketersediaan P pada Ultisol. Hasil penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan coal fly ash (CFA), yang dikombinasikan dengan fungi pelarut fosfat (FPF), dan kompos asal tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dapat meningkatkan ketersediaan P pada Ultisol namun peningkatan tersebut masih belum optimal. Belum optimalnya peran FPFsebagai mikroba potensial yang diisolasi dari TKKS diduga terkait dengan kurang/belum teradaptasinya FPF pada media pembawa (carrier) yang digunakan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui dan mengevaluasi kombinasi fungi pelarut fosfat (FPF) dengan media pembawa biokom (biochar-kompos), coal fly ash (CFA), terhadap ketersediaan P, pertumbuhan dan serapan P tanaman jagung pada Ultisol. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April-September 2019 dalam dua tahapan yaitu (1) Inkubasi di Laboratorium dan (2) Percobaan lapangan. Bahan penelitan yang digunakan yaitu coal fly ash, kompos dan biochar asal tandan kosong kelapa sawit (biokom), dan fungi pelarut fosfat (FPF) Aspergillus oryzae dan Neosatorya fischeri. CFA terdiri dari 2 taraf dosis 60 t ha-1 dan 80 t ha-1, kombinasi biochar-kompos terdiri dari tiga taraf: BK1= 80%biochar-20% kompos, BK2:70% biochar-30% kompos, BK3: 60%biochar-40%kompos. Percobaan kombinasi CFA dan FPF-biokom terdiri atas 13 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan antara lain P0(kontrol), P1(Aspergillus oryzae dalam kombinasi 80% biochar-20% kompos+ 60 CFA t ha-1), P2(Aspergillus oryzae dalam kombinasi 80% biochar-20% kompos+ 80 CFAt ha-1),P3(Aspergillus oryzae dalam kombinasi 70% biochar-30% kompos + 60 CFA t ha-1), P4(Aspergillus oryzae dalam kombinasi 70% biochar-30% kompos + 80 CFAt ha-1), P5(Aspergillus oryzae dalam kombinasi 60% biochar-40% kompos + 60 CFA t ha- 1), P6(Aspergillus oryzae dalam kombinasi 60% biochar-40% kompos + 80 CFA t ha-1),P7(Neosartorya fischeri dalam kombinasi 80% biochar-20% kompos+ 60 CFA t ha-1), P8(Neosartorya fischeri dalam kombinasi 80% biochar-20% kompos+ 80 CFAt ha-1), P9(Neosartorya fischeri dalam kombinasi 70% biochar-30% kompos + 60 CFA t ha-1), P10(Neosartorya fischeri dalam kombinasi 70% biochar-30% kompos + 80 CFAt ha-1), P11(Neosartorya fischeri dalam kombinasi 60% biochar- 40% kompos + 60 CFA t ha-1), P12(Neosartorya fischeri dalam kombinasi 60% biochar-40% kompos + 80 CFA t ha-1). iv Percobaan pertama dilakukan di laboratorium Biologi dan kimia Tanah Jurusan Tanah Universitas Brawijaya menggunakan metode inkubasi tidak tercuci (non leaching incubation) berlangsung selama 10 minggu dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Pengamatan penelitian tahap 1 meliputi: pH H2O, Al-dd dan H-dd tanah, P- Tersedia dan P-total Tanah. Percobaan tahap 2 merupakan percobaan pertumbuhan tanaman jagung yang dilakukan di screen house dengan perlakuan yang sama seperti penelitian tahap 1 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok(RAK) 3 ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 10 minggu. Parameter pertumbuhan yang diamati antara lain: tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, bobot kering tanaman serapan P tanaman jagung. Data pengamatan dianalisis dengan ANOVA uji F dengan taraf 5%, jika terdapat perbedaan nyata diuji lanjut menggunakan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) dengan taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Aplikasi FPF-Biocom dan CFA berpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan pH H2O, penurunan kadar Al-dd dan H- dd, serta peningkatan kadar P tersedia berkisar 6-542%, dan kadar P total 4-156% dibandingkan kontrol. Aplikasi FPF Neosatorya fischeri pada 70% biochar + 30% kompos (biokom 70-30) media pembawa dengan 80t CFA ha-1 menghasilkan peningkatan P tersedia tertinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lain. (2) Aplikasi FPF- Biokom dan CFA memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap bobot kering tanaman jagung dan serapan P tanaman jagung. Aplikasi N. Fischeri dalam biokom 70-30 dengan 80t CFA ha-1 memberikan pertumbuhan terbaik dan bobot biomassa paling tinggi
English Abstract
Ultisol is one of the most widely distributed soil types in Indonesia which is undergoing further development due to an intensive alkaline leaching process. This causes the soil pH to be low, resulting in low nutrient content in Ultisols. Various attempts have been made to increase the availability of P in Ultisols, one of which is the use of soil enhancers. Several studies have been conducted in an effort to increase the availability of P in Ultisol. The results of previous studies showed that the use of coal fly ash (CFA), combined with phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF), and compost from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) could increase the availability of P in Ultisol but the increase was still not optimal. The non-optimal role of PSF as a potential microbe isolated from OPEFB is thought to be related to the lack/unadaptation of PSF on the carrier media used. The purpose of this study was to identify and find the combination of phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) with biocomb carrier media (biochar-compost), coal fly ash (CFA), on P availability, growth and P uptake of maize in Ultisol. The research was carried out in April-September 2019 in two stages, namely (1) Incubation in the Laboratory and (2) Field Experiments. The research materials used were coal fly ash, compost and biochar from oil palm empty fruit bunches (biocom), and phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) Aspergillus oryzae and Neosatorya fischeri. CFA consisted of 2 dosage levels 60 t ha-1 and 80 t ha-1, the combination of biochar-compost consisted of three levels: BK1= 80% biochar-20% compost, BK2:70% biochar-30% compost, BK3: 60 %biochar-40%compost. The CFA and PSF-biocom combination experiment consisted of 13 treatments with 3 replications. The treatments used included P0 (control), P1 (Aspergillus oryzae in a combination of 80% biochar-20% compost + 60 CFA t ha-1), P2 (Aspergillus oryzae in a combination of 80% biochar-20% compost + 80 CFAt ha-1) ,P3(Aspergillus oryzae in combination 70% biochar-30% compost + 60 CFA t ha- 1), P4(Aspergillus oryzae in combination 70% biochar-30% compost + 80 CFAt ha- 1), P5(Aspergillus oryzae in combination 60% biochar-40% compost + 60 CFA t ha- 1), P6(Aspergillus oryzae in combination 60% biochar-40% compost + 80 CFA t ha- 1),P7(Neosartorya fischeri in combination 80% biochar-20% compost+ 60 CFA t ha-1), P8(Neosartorya fischeri in a combination of 80% biochar-20% compost+ 80 CFAt ha-1), P9(Neosartorya fischeri in a combination of 70% biochar-30% compost + 60 CFA t ha-1) , P10(Neosartorya fischeri in combination 70% biochar-30% compost + 80 CFAt ha-1), P11(Neosartorya fischeri in combination 60% biochar- 40% compost + 60 CFA t ha-1), P12(Neosartorya fischeri in combination 60% biochar-40% compost + 80 CFA t ha-1). The first experiment was carried out in the Soil Biology and Chemistry laboratory, Soil Department, Brawijaya University using a non-leaching incubation method that lasted for 10 weeks in a completely randomized design (CRD). Observations of the research phase 1 included: pH H2O, Exchangable Al and Exchangable H soil, Available P and Total P Soil. The second stage of the experiment was a maize plant growth experiment which was carried out in a screen house with the same treatment as the first stage of the study using a 3 replicated Randomized Block Design (RBD). Observations were made for 10 weeks. The growth parameters observed were: plant height, number of leaves, dry weight of vi maize P uptake plants. Observational data were analyzed by F test ANOVA with a level of 5%, if there was a significant difference, it was further tested using the Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test with a level of 5%. The results showed that: (1) Application of FPF-Biocom and CFA had a significant effect on increasing pH H2O, decreasing levels of Exchangable Al and Exchangable H soil, and increasing levels of available P ranging from 6-542%, and total P levels of 4-156%. compared to controls. Application of FPF Neosatorya fischeri on 70% biochar + 30% compost (biokom 70-30) carrier medium with 80t CFA ha-1 resulted in the highest increase in available P compared to other treatments. (2) The application of FPF-Biocom and CFA gave a significant effect on the dry weight of maize plants and P uptake of maize plants. Application of N. Fischeri in 70-30 biocom with 80t CFA ha-1 gave the best growth and highest maize biomass weight
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0422040007 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 630 Agriculture and related technologies |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Pengelolaan Tanah dan Air, Fakultas Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Jul 2022 06:51 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Jul 2022 06:51 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/192856 |
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