Tiarantika, Reny and Hery Toiba,, SP., MP., Ph.D and Dr. Ir. Anthon Efani,, MP. (2022) Dampak Partisipasi Marine Protected Area Terhadap Produksi Perikanan Tangkap Dan Pendapatan Rumah Tangga Nelayan Di Kabupaten Probolinggo Dan Kabupaten Malang Jawa Timur. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Marine Protected Area (MPA), adalah salah satu alat pengelolaan laut yang paling banyak digunakan secara global saat ini dan dirancang untuk berbagai tujuan, mulai dari pemulihan keanekaragaman hayati, pengelolaan perikanan, hingga peningkatan pariwisata. Namun faktanya efektivitas Marine Protected Area (MPA) sebagai alat untuk konservasi keanekaragaman hayati dan manajemen perikanan khususnya masih menjadi bahan perdebatan hingga saat ini. Perdebatan ini muncul dikarenakan Marine Protected Area (MPA) dinilai dapat memberikan banyak manfaat ekologis maupun ekonomi akan tetapi dalam praktiknya tidak semua Marine Protected Area (MPA) mencapai manfaat yang diharapkan. Partispasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan tata kelola Marine Protected Area (MPA) menjadi salah satu indikator keberhasilan dalam mencapai tujuan Marine Protected Area (MPA) dan kebermanfaatan khususnya untuk output penghidupan nelayan skala kecil yang merupakan masyarakat yang paling terdampak akibat adanya Marine Protected Area (MPA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kondisi sosial demografis terhadap partisipasi nelayan dalam Marine Protected Area, menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap keputusan nelayan berpatisipasi dala Marine Protected Area, dan menganalisis dampak Marine Protected Area terhadap output penghidupan nelayan kecil di Kabupaten Probolinggo dan Kabupaten Malang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan slovin method dan diperoleh 147 sampel nelayan kecil. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini merupakan data primer yang terdiri dari (1) karakteristik rumah tangga, (2) kondisi sosio demografi, (3) output penghidupan yang terdiri dari produksi dan pendapatan. Data sekunder terdiri dari kondisi umum lokasi penelitian dan kondisi perikanan. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif statistik untuk mendeskripsikan persepsi nelayan terhadap Marine Protected Area, regresi probit untuk menganalisis keputusan nelayan berpatisipasi dalam Marine Protected Area dan propensity score matching untuk menganalisis dampak Marine Protected Area terhadap output penghidupan. Berdasarkan hasil deskriptif statistik partisipasi di dalam Marine Protected Area di Kabupaten Malang lebih tinggi dibandingan patisipasi nelayan di Kabupaten Probolinggo ini terjadi karena terdapat perbedaan system pengelolaan Marine Protected Area di Kabupaten Probolinggo dan Kabupaten Malang. Di Kabupaten Probolinggo Marine Protected Area merupakan inisiasi Pemerintah Daerah sedangkan di Kabupaten Malang Marine Protected Area merupakan inisiasi dari masyarakakat (based community). Selain itu persepsi masyarakat nelayan terhadap Marine Protected Area based government adalah netral dan persepsi masyarakt nelayan terhadap Marine Protected Area based community adalah positif. Dari hasil analisis regresi probit terdapat tujuh variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan nelayan berpartisipasi dalam Marine Protected Area. Adapun variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan yaitu variabel usia (X1), ix pendidikan (X2), pengalaman (X4), lama trip (X6), alat tangkap (X7), kelompok nelayan (X8), dan ukuran kapal (X10), sedangkan tiga variabel yang tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan nelayan berpartisipasi dalam Marine Protected Area. Adapun variabel yang tidak berpengaruh signifikan yaitu ukuran rumah tangga (X3), jarak trip (X5), dan aktivitas sosial (X9). Hasil analisis dampak Marine Protected Area terhadap output penghidupan dengan menggunakan propensity score matching diperoleh hasil bahwa Marine Protected Area berdampak positif dan signifikan terhadap produksi hasil tangkapan nelayan, yaitu dimana nelayan yang berpartisipasi di dalam Marine Protected Area memiliki hasil tangkapan lebih tinggi sebanyak 44 Kg/Bulan dibandingkan dengan nelayan yang tidak berpartisipasi di dalam Marine Protected Area. Selain itu, Marine Protected Area juga berdampak positif dan signifikan terhadap pendapatan nelayan, yaitu dimana nelayan yang berpartisipasi di dalam Marine Protected Area memiliki pendapatan per bulannya lebih tinggi sebesar Rp.334.537,8 dibandingkan dengan nelayan yang tidak berpartisipasi di dalam Marine Protected Area. Temuan menarik lainnya pada penelitian ini adalah bahwa dampak partisipasi pada Marine Protected Area Based Community memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan Marine Protected Area based government. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari selisih nilai produksi dan pendapatan rumah tangga nelayan pada Marine Protected Area Based Community lebih tinggi dibandingkan Marine Protected Area based governmen
English Abstract
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), are one of the most widely used marine management tools globally today and are designed for a variety of purposes, from biodiversity restoration, fisheries management, to tourism enhancement. However, the fact that the effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas (MPA) as a tool for biodiversity conservation and fisheries management in particular is still a matter of debate until now. This debate arises because Marine Protected Areas (MPA) are considered to provide many ecological and economic benefits, but in practice not all Marine Protected Areas (MPA) achieve the expected benefits. Community participation in the management of Marine Protected Area (MPA) governance is one of the indicators of success in achieving Marine Protected Area (MPA) goals and benefits, especially for the livelihood output of small-scale fishermen who are the most affected communities due to the existence of Marine Protected Areas (MPA). This study aims to analyze the influence of socio-demographic conditions on the participation of fishermen in Marine Protected Areas, analyze the factors that influence the decisions of fishermen to participate in Marine Protected Areas, and analyze the impact of Marine Protected Areas on the livelihood output of small fishermen in Probolinggo and Malang districts. The sampling technique used the slovin method and obtained 147 samples of small fishermen. The data used in this study is primary data consisting of (1) household characteristics, (2) socio-demographic conditions, (3) livelihood output consisting of production and income. Secondary data consist of general condition of research location and fishery condition. The analytical method used is descriptive statistics to describe fishermen's perceptions of Marine Protected Areas, probit regression to analyze the decisions of fishermen to participate in Marine Protected Areas and propensity score matching to analyze the impact of Marine Protected Areas on livelihood output. Based on the statistical descriptive results, participation in Marine Protected Areas in Malang Regency is higher than the participation of fishermen in Probolinggo Regency. This occurs because there are differences in the management system of Marine Protected Areas in Probolinggo Regency and Malang Regency. In Probolinggo Regency the Marine Protected Area is an initiative of the Regional Government, while in Malang Regency the Marine Protected Area is an initiation from the community (based community). In addition, the fishing community's perception of the Marine Protected Area based government is neutral and the fishing community's perception of the Marine Protected Area based community is positive. From the results of probit regression analysis, there are seven variables that have a significant effect on fishermen's decisions to participate in Marine Protected Areas. The variables that have a significant effect are age (X1), education (X2), experience (X4), length of trip (X6), fishing gear (X7), fishing group (X8), and ship size (X10), while the three variables which has no significant effect on fishermen's decisions to participate in Marine Protected Areas. The variables that have no significant effect are household size (X3), trip distance (X5), and social activities (X9). xi The results of the analysis of the impact of the Marine Protected Area on livelihood output using propensity score matching, it was found that the Marine Protected Area had a positive and significant impact on the production of fishermen's catches, namely where fishermen who participated in the Marine Protected Area had a higher catch of 44 Kg/Month compared to fishermen who do not participate in Marine Protected Areas. In addition, Marine Protected Areas also have a positive and significant impact on fishermen's income, namely where fishermen who participate in Marine Protected Areas have a higher monthly income of Rp. 334,537.8 compared to fishermen who do not participate in Marine Protected Areas. Another interesting finding in this study is that the impact of participation in Marine Protected Area Based Community gives better results compared to Marine Protected Area based government. This can be seen from the difference in the production value and household income of fishermen in Marine Protected Area Based Community which is higher than Marine Protected Area based government
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0422040006 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Marine Protected Area, Nelayan Kecil, Pendapatan, Produksi Perikanan, Marine Protected Area, Small Fisherman, Income, Fishery Production |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Ekonomi Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Jul 2022 06:38 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Jul 2022 06:38 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/192855 |
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