Rifa’i, Mukhammad and Wiwin Sumiya Dwi Yamika,, SP., MP. (2022) Pengaruh Pemangkasan Pucuk Dan Dosis Pupuk Kalium Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Mentimun (Cucumis Sativus L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.) ialah salah satu jenis tanaman sayuran dari keluarga labu-labuan yang sudah populer diseluruh dunia. Pada tahun 2016 luas panen mentimun 42.214 ha, produksi 430.206 ton, dan produktifitas 10,19 ton ha-1, sedangkan pada tahun 2017 luas panen mentimun 39.809 ha, produksi 424.918 ton, dan produktifitas 10,67 ton ha-1 (BPS, 2017). Rata-rata produktifitas mentimun 10 ton ha-1 termasuk rendah karena potensi tanaman mentimun dapat mencapai 50,4 ton ha-1. Hal tersebut dapat terjadi karena kurang intensif dan efisien dalam budidaya mentimun. Salah satu teknologi yang dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan produksi mentimun ialah pemangkasan pucuk yang dapat menghentikan dominasi tunas apikal, sehingga akan merangsang pembentukan bunga dan asimilat akan terfokus pada organ generatif seperti bunga dan buah. Pemberian perlakuan pemangkasan pucuk dapat optimal jika ditambah dosis pupuk kalium yang optimal. Kalium berperan dalam memacu translokasi asimilat dari source (daun) ke bagian sink (buah) yang diperlukan organ generatif sehingga dapat meningkatkan hasil produksi. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mempelajari interaksi antara perlakuan pemangkasan pucuk dan dosis pupuk kalium terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman mentimun, mempelajari pengaruh pemangkasan pucuk terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman mentimun, dan mempelajari pengaruh dosis pupuk kalium terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman mentimun. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai Mei 2019 di Desa Setonorejo, Kecamatan Kras, Kabupaten Kediri, Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial yang terdiri dari dua faktor dengan faktor pertama adalah pemangkasan pucuk dengan 2 taraf: P1 (tanpa pemangkasan) dan P2 (pemangkasan pucuk ruas ke 15). Faktor kedua adalah dosis pupuk kalium dengan 4 taraf: K1 (dosis pupuk kalium 50 kg ha-1 K2O), K2 (dosis pupuk kalium 100 kg ha-1 K2O), K3 (dosis pupuk kalium 150 kg ha-1 K2O), dan K4 (dosis pupuk kalium 200 kg ha-1 K2O). Terdapat 8 kombinasi perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak 4 kali, sehingga diperoleh 32 satuan percobaan. Variabel pengamatan meliputi jumlah daun tanaman-1 (helai), luas daun tanaman-1 (cm2 tan-1), berat segar total tanaman (g tan-1), berat kering total tanaman (g tan-1), jumlah bunga jantan tanaman-1, jumlah bunga betina tanaman-1, fruitset (%), jumlah buah tanaman-1, bobot buah-1 (g buah-1), bobot buah tanaman-1 (g tan-1), dan bobot buah panen ha-1(ton ha-1). Data hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis ragam (uji F) dengan taraf 5% untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh nyata dari perlakuan. Apabila terjadi pengaruh nyata dari perlakuan maka dilanjutkan dengan uji beda nyata jujur (BNJ) dengan taraf 5% untuk mengetahui perbedaan diantara perlakuan. Pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman mentimun tidak dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan pemangkasan pucuk dan dosis pupuk kalium. Secara terpisah, pemangkasan pucuk menurunkan jumlah daun tanaman-1, luas daun tanaman-1, berat segar total tanaman, berat kering total tanaman dan bunga jantan tanaman-1. Sedangkan dosis kalium ii meningkatkan jumlah bunga jantan tanaman-1, bunga betina tanaman-1, fruitset %, jumlah buah tanaman-1, bobot buah tanaman-1 dan panen ha-1. Perlakuan dosis kalium 150 kg ha-1 K2O dan 200 kg ha-1 K2O menunjukkan hasil yang sama dan dapat meningkatkan hasil panen sebesar 60,91 % dan 67,80 % dibandingkan perlakuan dosis kalium 50 kg ha-1 K2O. Presentase fruitset yang dihasilkan rendah, diduga dipengaruhi oleh waktu pembunggan terjadi pada musim penghujan.
English Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is one type of vegetable plant from the pumpkin family (Cucurbitaceae) which has been popular throughout the world. In 2016 cucumber harvested area was 42,214 ha, production of 430,206 tons, and productivity of 10.19 tons ha-1, while in 2017 the cucumber harvested area was 39,809 ha, production of 424,918 tons, and productivity of 10.67 tons ha-1 (BPS, 2017). The average productivity of 10 tons ha-1 cucumber is low because the potential of cucumber plants can reach 50.4 tons ha-1. This can happen because it is less intensive and efficient in cucumber cultivation. One technology that can be applied to increase cucumber production is topping which can stop the dominance of apical shoots, so that it will stimulate flower formation and assimilation will focus on generative organs such as flowers and fruit. Giving topping treatment can be optimal if the optimal doses of potassium fertilizer is added. Potassium plays a role in spurring assimilate translocation from the source (leaves) to the sink section (fruit) which is needed by generative organs so as to increase production yield. The purpose of this research was to study the interaction between topping treatment and potassium fertilizer doses on growth and yield of cucumber plants, to study the effect of topping on growth and yield of cucumber plants, and to study the effect of potassium fertilizer doses on growth and yield of cucumber plants. The research was conducted from February to April 2019 in Setonorejo Village, Kras District, Kediri Regency, East Java. This research uses Factorial Randomized Block Design (RAKF) method which consists of two factors with the first factor being topping with 2 levels: P1 (without topping) and P2 (topping to 15th node). The second factor is the dose of potassium fertilizer with 4 levels: K1 (dose of potassium fertilizer 50 kg ha-1 K2O), K2 (dose of potassium fertilizer 100 kg ha-1 K2O), K3 (dose of potassium fertilizer 150 kg ha-1 K2O), and K4 (dose of potassium fertilizer 200 kg ha-1 K2O). There are 8 treatment combinations which were repeated 4 times, so that 32 experimental units were obtained. The observation variables included the number of leaves plant-1 (strands), leaf area plant-1 (cm2 plant- 1), total fresh weight of plant (g plant-1), total dry weight of plant (g plant-1), number of male flowers plant-1, number of female flowers plant-1, fruitset (%), number of fruits plant-1, weight fruit-1 (g fruit-1), weight of fruits plant-1 (g plant-1) and weight of harvest fruit ha-1 (ton ha-1). Data obtained from the research results was analyzed using a variance analysis (F test) with a level of 5% to determine whether there is a real effect of treatment. If there is a real effect of the treatment then proceed with a honestly significance diffirence test (HSD) with a level of 5% to find out the difference between treatments. The results of the research showed that topping treatment and dose of potassium fertilizer had no effect on the growth and yield of cucumber plants. Separately, topping treatment reduced the number of leaves plant-1, leaf area plant- 1, total fresh weight of plants, total dry weight of plant and number of male flowers. Meanwile, treatment of dose potassium increased number of male flowers, number iv of female flowers, fruitset (%), number of fruits plant-1, weight of fruit plant-1 and fruit harvest weight ha-1. Treatment of dose potassium fertilizer 150 kg ha-1 K2O and 200 kg ha-1 K2O showed the same result and can increase yield by 60.91 % and 67,80 % compared to the treatment dose of potassium fertilizer 50 kg ha-1 K2O. The percentage of fruitset produced is low, thought to be influenced by the time of flowering that occurs in the rainy season.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522040124 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 630 Agriculture and related technologies |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 27 Jul 2022 03:01 |
| Last Modified: | 27 Jul 2022 03:01 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/192780 |
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