Lestari, Rina Dwi and Dr. Ir. Anik Martinah Hariati, M.Sc (2022) Performa Budidaya Udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) secara Intensif di Tambak Baba Rafi Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kebutuhan udang vannamei terus meningkat dalam kondisi COVID-19 seperti saat ini. Ekspor ke pasar Amerika Serikat tetap stabil meningkat hingga 45% di tahun 2020. Salah satu upaya peningkatan produksi udang dilakukan melalui budidaya secara intensif. Pembesaran udang vaname dengan sistem intensif beresiko terhadap limbah budidaya yang beresiko terhadap peningkatan senyawa beracun dan penyakit. Kabupaten Subang termasuk wilayah dengan tingkat produksi udang vaname tertinggi di Jawa Barat namun masih sebagian kecil lahan yang dimanfaatkan untuk kegiatan budidaya dan hasil produksi sering mengalami penurunan salah satu faktor penyebabnya adalah besarnya fluktuasi produktivitas seperti mortality rate. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis performa budidaya udang vaname secara intensif terhadap faktor yang mempengaruhinya secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Performa budidaya meliputi performa pertumbuhan seperti laju pertumbuhan harian udang (Average Daily Growth), dan berat rata-rata udang (Average Body Weight). Performa produksi berupa kelulushidupan (Survival Rate), efisiensi pakan (Feed Conversion Ratio), ukuran (Size) udang, dan produktivitas lahan. Budidaya intensif di lokasi penelitian dilakukan pada 9 kolam yaitu kolam C1 sampai C9 yang terletak di Blok C1 dengan luas masing-masing berkisar 931- 1386 m2 dan padat tebar berkisar 129-134 ekor/m2. Sistem panen dilakukan dengan sistem parsial (panen sebagian) dan panen total pada DOC 60-71, terdapat kolam yang mengalami gagal panen karena serangan penyakit sehingga dilakukan pemusnahan menggunakan kaporit dosis 10 ppm. Sistem pakan dilakukan secara manual dan menggunakan automatic feeder saat DOC 50 di kolam C4, C6, dan C9. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode eksploratif dengan pengumpulan data agar persoalan dapat terjawab dan belum menggunakan hipotesis. Parameter utama berupa performa pertumbuhan dan produksi sedangkan parameter penunjang berupa data kualitas air, data pakan, data penyakit dan kematian. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara kuantitatif dengan bantuan Software microsoft excel 2010 untuk ditabulasi dan disajikan dalam bentuk grafik. Selanjutnya data dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan bantuan literatur dan ditarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil produksi total berkisar 150,54-900, 98 kg dengan tingkat SR berkisar 7,59%-71,99%, FCR berkisar 1,13–3,43, Size berkisar 87-94 ekor/kg, dan produktivitas lahan berkisar 1,09-9,52 ton/ha. Ditemukan kematian udang akibat penyakit Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) dan White Feces Disease (WFD). Kolam yang menerapkan sistem pemberian pakan dengan automatic feeder memiliki hasil produksi yang lebih baik dengan nilai konversi pakan lebih rendah dibandingkan kolam lainnya. Kualitas air yang dianalisis berupa oksigen terlarut, pH, kecerahan air, ketinggian air, salinitas, alkalinitas, nitrit, amonia, kelimpahan plankton, total bakteri, dan vibrio setiap seminggu sekali sesuai jadwal laboratorium. Kadar salinitas, alkalinitas, dan bahan organik di lokasi nilainya melebihi batas optimal.
English Abstract
The need for vannamei shrimp continues to increase during COVID-19. Exports to the United States market remain stable, increasing to 45% in 2020. One of the efforts to increase shrimp production is through intensive cultivation. While growing vaname shrimp in an intensive system, aquaculture waste poses a risk of accumulating hazardous substances and diseases. Although Subang Regency has one of the highest levels of white vannamei shrimp production in West Java, only a small portion of the land is used for cultivation, and production is often in decline. One of the contributing factors is the large fluctuations in productivity such as the mortality rate. This study aims to analyze the performance of vannamei shrimp culture intensively on the quantitative and qualitative factors that influence. Cultivation performance includes growth performance such as ADG (Average Daily Growth), and ABW (Average Body Weight). Production performance in the form of SR (Survival Rate), FCR (Feed Conversion Ratio), shrimp size, and land productivity. Intensive cultivation at the research site was done in 9 ponds, ponds C1 to C9 located in Block C1 with an area of 931-1386 m2 and the stocking density ranges from 129-134 fish/m2. The harvesting system was carried out with a partial system (partial harvest) and total harvest at DOC 60-71, there were ponds that experienced harvest failure due to disease, so they were destroyed using 10 ppm chlorine. The feed system is carried out manually and uses an automatic feeder when DOC 50 is in C4, C6, and C9 ponds. This study used an exploratory data collection method to find solutions to problems rather than hypotheses. The main parameters are growth and production performance, while the supporting parameters are water quality data, feed data, disease and mortality data. The data collected then analyzed quantitatively with Microsoft Excel 2010 software to be tabulated and presented in graphical form. Furthermore, the data were analyzed qualitatively with literature and conclusions were drawn. The results of this study showed that the total production ranged from 150.54-900, 98 kg with SR levels ranging from 7.59-71.99%, FCR ranging from 1.13-3.43, shrimp size ranging from 87-94 fish/kg, and land productivity ranging from 1.09 to 9.52 tons/ha. Shrimp deaths were found due to Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) and White Feces Disease (WFD). Ponds that implement a feeding system with an automatic feeder with lower feed conversion values have better production results than other ponds. Another factor that affects the performance of aquaculture at the research site is water quality. The data analyzed were dissolved oxygen, pH, water brightness, water level, salinity, alkalinity, nitrite, ammonia, plankton abundance, total bacteria, and vibrio once a week according to the laboratory schedule. Salinity, alkalinity and organic matter levels in the location exceed the optimal limits.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522080061 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 639 Hunting, fishing & conservation > 639.3 Culture of cold-blooded vertebrates |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan > Budidaya Perairan |
| Depositing User: | Sugeng Moelyono |
| Date Deposited: | 26 Jul 2022 02:02 |
| Last Modified: | 26 Jul 2022 02:02 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/192671 |
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