Yulistyarini, Titut and Prof, Dr,Ir,Zaenal Kusuma, SU and Prof, Dr,Ir,. Soemarno, MS and Dr. Endang Arisoesilaningsih, - (2012) Karakteristik Vegetasi Dan Biogeohidrofisik Daerah Resapan Mata Air Di Kecamatan Ngantang Untuk Memaksimalkan Debit. Doktor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Penurunan debit akibat rusaknya ekosistem di daerah resapan mata air perlu mendapatkan perhatian. Sebanyak 63,38% mata air di Kecamatan Ngantang mengalami penurunan debit hingga lebih dari 50% di musim kemarau, bahkan beberapa di antaranya mengering. Konservasi debit mata air perlu segera dilakukan untuk menciptakan ekosistem lebih stabil, sehingga fungsi hidrologis ekosistem daerah resapan mata air dapat optimal. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan kajian mengenai hubungan antara karakteristik vegetasi dan biogeohidrofisik daerah resapan dengan debit mata air. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) Mengetahui karakteristik hidrogeomorfologi mata air Krisik, Complang dan Pusung Pegat; 2) Mengetahui karakteristik daerah resapan ketiga mata air berdasar kondisi lahan, biogeohidrofisik dan vegetasinya; 3) Eksplorasi hubungan antara karakteristik lahan, biogeohidrofisik dan vegetasi di daerah resapan dengan debit mata air; 4) Menemukan model perbaikan daerah resapan untuk memaksimalkan debit mata air. Metode penelitian dengan studi literatur, survey langsung dan analisis data secara deskriptif, ANOVA, Analisis Multivariate Partial Least Square(PLS) dan Analisis Response Surface. Hasil identifikasi dan karakterisasi mata air menunjukkan bahwa akuifer ketiga mata air berupa batu pasir yang tidak terkonsolidasi, merupakan akuifer dangkal dengan kedalaman 0,32-1,7 m dan ketebalan mencapai 0,84 – 12,59 m. Mata air Krisik memiliki ketebalan akuifer tertinggi dan kedalaman terrendah dibandingkan dengan mata air Complang dan Pusung pegat. Ketiga mata air termasuk mata air berdebit kecil dan berfluktuasi, dimana fluktuasi debit mata air Krisik tidak sebesar mata air Complang dan Pusung pegat. Debit mata air Krisik mengalami penurunan, tetapi tidak sampai mengering. Sedangkan debit mata air Complang dan Pusung pegat mengering hingga 1- 4 bulan. Hasil penelitian karakterisasi biofisik daerah resapan mata air menunjukkan biofisik tanah di mata air Krisik hampir sama dengan mata air Pusung pegat dan lebih baik dari Complang. Meskipun C- organik dan kemantapan agregatnya lebih rendah dari Pusung pegat, namun tanah di daerah resapan mata air Krisik memiliki porositas lebih tinggi dan tanah lebih ringan (BI tanah lebih rendah). Konduktivitas Hidroulik Jenuh di daerah resapan mata air Krisik dan Pusung pegat tergolong sangat cepat. Daerah resapan mata air Krisik memiliki Indeks Kualitas Biodiversitas dan penutupan kanopi tertinggi, namun kerapatan pohon, belta dan tumbuhan bawah serta C-stock terrendah. Jenis pohon yang mendominansi daerah resapan mata air Krisik dan Pusung pegat sama yaitu pinus (Pinus merkusii), durian (Durio zibethinus) dan sengon laut (Albizia falcataria). Sedangkan mata air Complang didominansi oleh pohon durian (D. zibethinus), sengon laut (A. falcataria) dan kelapa (Cocos nucifera). Jenis belta yang mendominansi ketiga daerah resapan mata air sama, yaitu kopi robusta (Coffea canephora var. robusta), sengon laut (A. falcataria), kopi liberika (C. liberica) dan pisang (Musa paradisiaca). Kecepatan infitrasi dan simpanan air tanah di mata air Krisik juga lebih tinggi dibandingkan dua mata air lainnya. Hasil penelitian ke tiga menunjukkan bahwa debit mata air secara langsung dipengaruhi karakteristik vegetasi, geofisik, biofisik tanah dan hidrologi. Karakteristik vegetasi, yang diindikasikan oleh kerapatan belta berpengaruh paling nyata dan negatip terhadap debit mata air, dimana semakin rapat jenis belta maka debit semakin rendah. Model PLS ini memiliki nilai predictive relevance Q2 sebesar 100%, sehingga model layak digunakan dan memiliki nilai prediktif yang sangat relevan. Berdasarkan analisis Response Surface diketahui maksimalisasi debit mata air sebesar 0,48 l.detik-1 akan tercapai pada kedalaman akuifer 0,93 m. Kedalaman akuifer tersebut diperoleh dari kecepatan infiltrasi maksimal sebesar 51,16 cm.jam-1. Maksimalisasi kecepatan infiltrasi dilakukan dengan memper- tahankan C-organik tanah tertinggi sebesar 0,98% dan meminimalkan kerapatan belta hingga 76.757 individu per 24,48 ha. Upaya penambahan C-organik tanah bisa dilakukan dengan meningkatkan diversitas tanaman lokal yang bernilai ekologi dan ekonomi, seperti sukun (Artocarpus altilis), nangka (A. heterophyllus ), cempaka (Michelia champaca), kemiri (Aleurites moluccana), jambu (Syzigium spp.) dan jenis-jenis bambu
English Abstract
Decreasing spring discharge frequently caused by ecosystem degradation. It was reported that 63.38% of Ngantang District springs decreased their debit by 50%, and some even dried out. Conservation of recharge area needs to be carried out to create a more stable ecosystem. This would optimize hydrological function of the ecosystem in spring’s recharge area. A study on the relationship between spring’s debit and the recharge area’s characteristic vegetation and biogeohydrophysic was carried out. The aims of this study are: 1) Identification and characterization of three Ngantang springs namely Krisik, Complang and Pusung Pegat; 2) Characterization of the three recharge area based on land, biogeohydrophyisic and vegetation characteristics; 3) Exploration of the relationship among land, biogeohydrophysic and vegetation characteristics in three spring’s recharge areas; 4) Designing model of improved spring’s recharge area to maximize its debit. The methods used were literature study, data survey and descriptive analysis, ANOVA, Analysis of Multivariate Partial Least Square (PLS) and Response Surface Analysis. The results of spring characterization indicated that aquifer of three springs was composed by unconsolidated sand stone, a shallow aquifer of 0.32 – 1.7 m depth and 0.84 – 12.59 m thick. Krisik spring showed the thickest but shallowest aquifer compared to those of Complang and Pusung Pegat springs. All three springs showed a small and fluctuating debit, but Krisik expressed the lowest fluctuation. Krisik spring’s debit decreased, but not completely dried up, whereas Complang and Pusung Pegat were dried up to 1-4 months. Biophysical characterization of spring recharge areas showed that the soil of Krisik spring’s recharge area was biophysically similar to that of Pusung Pegat spring, but better than was Complang one. Although the C-organic and aggregate stability were lower than in Pusung Pegat, but soil of Krisik was higher porosity and lower bulk density. Moreover, the Saturated Hydroulic Conductivity of Krisik and Pusung Pegat recharge areas was considered to be very fast. Recharge area of Krisik springs showed highest Quality Biodiversity Index and canopy coverage, but the lowest density of trees, sapling or poles and ground cover species as well as C- stock. Based on the PLS model, it was showed that springs debit directly influenced the characteristics of vegetation, geophysical, soil biophysical and hydrology. The characteristics of vegetation influenced negatively to spring debit, where the higher density of sapling or poles decreased spring debit. Predictive value of relevance (Q2) of the model was 100%, therefore the model was fit and showed a very relevant predictive value. Based on result of Response Surface Analyses, to maximize spring debit toward 0.48 l.second-1 the aquifer depth should be 0.93 m. This depth of aquifer was achieved if the maximum infiltration rate was 51.16 cm.hour-1. The maximum infiltration rate was achieved by maintaining the 0.98 % Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) and minimizing the density of saplings and poles to 76,757 individuals per 24.48 hectare. The higher SOC could be achieved by increasing the diversity of local plants that have ecology and economic values, such as breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), jackfruit (A. heterophyllus), Michelia champaca, Aleurites moluccana, Syzigium spp. and bamboo species
Other obstract
-
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doktor) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0612040001 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | mata air, vegetasi, biogeohidrofisik, maksimalisasi, debit, spring, vegetation, biogeohydrophyisic, maximize , debi |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.4 Soil science |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Doktor Ilmu Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Jul 2022 02:06 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Jul 2022 02:06 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/192444 |
![[thumbnail of Titut yulistyarini.pdf]](http://repository.ub.ac.id/style/images/fileicons/text.png) |
Text
Titut yulistyarini.pdf Download (3MB) |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |