Novita, Silvia Rizky and Ir. Sri Lestari Purnamaningsih, MS. and Dr. Budi Waluyo,, SP., M (2022) Seleksi Ciplukan (Physalis Angulata L.) Berumur Genjah Dan Hasil Tinggi Berdasarkan Karakter Agronomi Pada Aksesi Ciplukan Indonesia. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) adalah buah eksotik dari famili Solanaceae yang menyebar ke berbagai daerah tropis dan subtropis di dunia seperti Eropa, Afrika, India, hingga Indonesia. Ciplukan memiliki kandungan nutrisi tinggi dan bahan aktif yang bermanfaat untuk kesehatan. Hal tersebut membuat ciplukan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan di Indonesia sebagai bahan baku agroindustri berbasis farmaseutikal. Budidaya tanaman ciplukan secara komersial di Indonesia masih belum banyak dilakukan sehingga produksi ciplukan Indonesia masih rendah. Guna meningkatkan hasil ciplukan, diperlukan upaya pengembangan tanaman ciplukan melalui program pemuliaan tanaman. Penelitian terkait keragaman melaporkan bahwa terdapat keragaman yang tinggi pada karakter agronomi ciplukan, khususnya karakter hasil dan waktu panen pertama. Keragaman pada karakter tersebut dapat menjadi dasar untuk seleksi tanaman ciplukan berumur genjah dan hasil tinggi. Penggunaan tanaman berumur genjah akan lebih memberikan keuntungan karena umur panen tanaman lebih singkat dan dapat meningkatkan indeks pertanaman. Adapun parameter genetik yang dapat digunakan sebagai pertimbangan agar seleksi efektif dan efisien yaitu keragaman, heritabilitas dan kemajuan genetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi nilai koefisien variasi genotipik (KVG), koefisien variasi fenotipik (KVF), heritabilitas dan kemajuan genetik yang dapat digunakan sebagai dasar seleksi ciplukan berumur genjah dan hasil tinggi. Kegiatan penelitian dilaksanakan di greenhouse lahan percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya yang berada pada Jl. Kuping Gajah, Kelurahan Jatimulyo, Kecamatan Lowokwaru. Kegiatan penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Juli hingga September 2021. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian antara lain, 30 aksesi ciplukan, tanah, pupuk kompos, pupuk Urea, pupuk SP-36, pupuk Kcl dan insektisida. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi gelas plastik, polibag 25x30 cm, cangkul, cetok, ajir bambu, tali, papan penanda, timbangan analitik, jangka sorong, refraktometer, penggaris, alat tulis, kamera dan deskriptor. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) satu faktor yaitu 30 aksesi ciplukan dengan 3 ulangan sehingga terdapat 90 satuan percobaan. Pelaksanaan penelitian meliputi persiapan media tanam, penyemaian, penanaman, penyulaman, pemasangan ajir, penyiraman, pemupukan, penyiangan, pengendalian hama dan penyakit serta pemanenan. Pengamatan karakter agronomi menggunakan panduan pengamatan individual berdasarkan deskriptor Illustrated Guidelines for The Description of Husk Tomato (Physalis ixocarpa Brot. Ex Horm.) Varieties, (2011). Karakter agronomi yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman pada percabangan utama, diameter batang, jumlah cabang tersier per tanaman, jumlah daun per tanaman, waktu berbunga 50%, waktu bunga mekar, jumlah bunga per tanaman, waktu panen pertama, jumlah buah per tanaman, panjang kelobot buah, panjang buah, diameter buah, bobot buah dengan kelobot per tanaman, bobot buah segar per tanaman, rata-rata bobot buah tanpa kelobot per buah, rata-rata bobot buah tanpa kelobot per buah dan tingkat kemanisan buah. Data parameter kuantitatif dihitung menggunakan analisis sidik ragam. Analisis keragaman dilakukan dengan menghitung nilai koefisien varian genotipik (KVG) dan koefisien varian fenotipik (KVF). Setelah itu dilakukan perhitungan nilai heritabilitas dan kemajuan genetik tanaman. Seleksi ciplukan dilakukan dengan metode statistik uji-z menggunakan intensitas seleksi yaitu 20% (i=1,40) berdasarkan karakter waktu panen pertama dan hasil. Seleksi dilakukan dengan menghitung nilai batas seleksi untuk penentuan aksesi-aksesi ciplukan yang terpilih. Pada analisis sidik ragam 17 karakter agronomi pada 30 aksesi tanaman ciplukan menunjukkan adanya keragaman pada semua karakter agronomi kecuali karakter rata-rata bobot buah dengan kelobot per buah. Karakter agronomi dengan nilai koefisien variasi genotipik (KVG) dan koefisien variasi fenotipik (KFV) tinggi yaitu, jumlah bunga per tanaman, jumlah buah per tanaman, bobot buah dengan kelobot per tanaman dan bobot buah segar per tanaman. Karakter dengan nilai duga heritabilitas tinggi yaitu jumlah bunga per tanaman dan waktu panen pertama sedangakan karakter dengan nilai kemajuan genetik tinggi yaitu jumlah bunga per tanaman dan bobot buah segar per tanaman. Seleksi karakter berdasarkan karakter waktu panen pertama dan bobot buah segar per tanaman diperoleh lima aksesi terpilih yaitu, aksesi A0103, B0201 dan B0302 dengan waktu panen genjah, aksesi B2003 dengan hasil tinggi dan E0201 dengan waktu panen genjah dan hasil tinggi
English Abstract
Cutleaf ground cherry (Physalis angulata L.) is an exotic fruit from the Solanaceae family that distributed to various tropical and subtropical regions in the world such as Europe, Africa, India, and Indonesia. Cutleaf ground cherry has a high nutritional content and active componds that useful for health. This makes cutleaf ground cherry potential to be developed in Indonesia as a agroindustry based pharmaceutical raw material. Cultivation of cutleaf ground cherry for commercial farming in Indonesia is still rare, that makes cutleaf ground cherry production in Indonesia is still low. To increase it yield, need to develop cutleaf ground cherry through plant breeding programs. Research related to variability reported that there ware a high variability on agronomic characters of cutleaf ground cherry, especially yields and days to maturity character. Variability in these characters can be a reference for selection of early matury and high yield of cutleaf ground cherry. The use of early matury plants will be more profitable because the harvest of plants is shorter and it can increase the crop index. Estimation of genetic parameters in the selection process is important. Genetic parameters that can be used for effective and efficient selection are variability, heritability and genetic advance. This research aims to estimate the genetic coefficient variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient variation (PVC), heritability and genetic advance on agronomic characters of cutleaf ground cherry that can be used as a reference for selection of early maturity and high yield of cutleaf ground cherry. The research activity was conducted in the greenhouse of experimental field at the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya that located on Kuping Gajah Street, Jatimulyo Village, Lowokwaru District. Research activities were carried out from July to September 2021. The materials used in the research included 30 accessions of Physalis angulata L., soil, compost, urea, SP-36, Kcl and insecticide. The tools used in this research include plastic cups, polybags size 25x30 cm, hoes, trowels, bamboo stick, rope, markers, analytical scale, caliper, refractometer, ruler, stationery, camera and descriptor. This research method used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with single factor, using 30 cutleaf ground cherry accessions with 3 replications so there were 90 unit of experiment. The research activity includes preparation planting media, seeding, planting, replanting, installation of bamboo sticks, watering, fertilization, weeding, pest and disease control and harvesting. Observation of agronomic characters used individual observation guidelines based on the descriptor Illustrated Guidelines for The Description of Husk Tomato (Physalis ixocarpa Brot. Ex Horm.) Varieties, (2011). Agronomic characters includes stem height at first branching, stem diameter, number of tertier branchs per plant, number of leaves per plant, days to 50% flowering, days of bud to full bloom flower, number of flowers per plant, days to maturity, number of fruits per plant, calyx length, fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit weight with calyx per plant, fresh fruit weight per plant, average fruit weight with calyx per fruit, average fruit weight without calyx per fruit and fruit total soluble solids. Quantitative parameter data was calculated using analysis of variance. Variability was analyzed with calculating genetic coefficient variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient variation (PCV) value. After that calculating the heritability and genetic advance value. Selection of cutleaf ground cherry used statistical method z-test with selection intensity of 20% (i=1,40) based on days to maturity and yield character. Selection was carried out by calculating the selection limit value for determine the selected cutleaf ground cherry accessions. Analysis of variance on 30 accessions of cutleaf ground cherry showed there were variability of all agronomic characters except character of average fruit weight with calyx. Agronomic characters with a high genetic coefficient variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient variation (PCV) were found on number of flowers per plant, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight with calyx per plant and fresh fruit weight per plant. Characters with a high heritability were observed on number of flowers per plant and days to maturity, while characters with high genetic advance were reported on number of flowers per plant and fresh fruit weight per plant. Characters selection based on character of days to maturity and fresh fruit weight per plant, shown that were 5 selected accessions namely, A0103, B0201 and B0302 with early maturity, B2003 with high yields and E0201 with early maturity and high yields.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522040096 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 630 Agriculture and related technologies |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Jul 2022 06:29 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Jul 2022 06:29 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/192410 |
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