Hanifwati, Annisa (2018) Potensi Ekstrak Minyak Zaitun (Olea europaea) Dalam Memperbaiki Profil Lipid, Oksidasi Lipid Dan Fatty Liver Pada Tikus Hiperlipidemia. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Hiperkolesterolemia adalah tingginya kadar kolesterol plasma dan merupakan faktor resiko terjadinya aterosklerosis dan penyakit kardiovaskular. Hiperkolesterolemia menimbulkan reaksi oksidasi enzimatik antara radikal oksigen dan lipid, yang mengakibatkan oksidasi lipid. Oksidasi lipid dapat diketahui dari kadar malondialdehida, sebagai biomarker stress oksidasi. Malondialdehida merupakan hasil reaksi dari dekomposisi peroksidasi lipid, yang membentuk kromofor merah muda dengan asam thiobarbituric pada suasana asam. Akumulasi lipid di hepar menyebabkan timbulnya butiran lemak di sel hepar, yaitu steatosis atau perlemakan hepar (fatty liver). Oksidasi lipid di hepar menimbulkan inflamasi dan ballooning sel hepar. Perubahan histologi di hepar dapat dinilai berdasarkan skor NAS (Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Activity Score). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak minyak zaitun (Olea europaea) dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol, kadar malondialdehida dan menghambat terjadinya perlemakan hepar pada tikus yang diberi diet tinggi lemak. Olea europaea mengandung oleic acid dan komponen minor fenolik, yaitu hydroxy tyrosol, yang mampu menurunkan kadar kolesterol LDL (low density lipoprotein), dengan jalan meningkatkan pengeluaran trigliserida. Oleic acid mampu menurunkan oksidasi LDL dan produksi ROS (reactive oxygen species), sehingga dapat menurunkan kadar malon dialdehida. Ekstrak minyak zaitun dapat menurunkan aktivasi NF-κβ (nuclear factor kappa beta), menurunkan produksi sitokin pro inflamasi yaitu TNF α (tumor necroting factor alfa), IL6 (interleukin 6), sehingga dapat menghambat pembentukan fatty liver dan steatosis hepatitis. Penelitian ini menggunakan hewan coba tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan berusia dua bulan dengan berat badan rata-rata 200 gram. Tikus dibagi menjadi empat kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol sehat, kelompok kontrol positis, dan dua kelompok perlakuan, dengan jumlah empat ekor tikus dalam tiap kelompok. Kelompok kontrol vii positif mendapat diet tinggi lemak selama 28 hari. Kelompok perlakuan pertama dan kedua mendapat diet tinggi lemak selama 28 hari dan ekstrak minyak zaitun masing-masing sebesar 0,828 gram (1 mL) dan 1,656 gram (2 mL) tiap hari selama 14 hari. Pengukuran kolesterol total, menggunakan strip tes kolesterol berdasarkan adanya reaksi oksidasi enzim kolesterol esterase dan kolesterol oksidase yang menghasilkan hidrogen peroksidasi, kemudian dianalisa dengan refraktofotometri biosensor. Pengukuran malondialdehida menggunakan uji thiobarbituric acid (TBA). Pengamatan histologi perlemakan hepar dinilai menggunakan skor NAS (Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Activity Score). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak minyak zaitun 1,656 gram (2 mL) tiap hari selama 14 hari, dapat menghasilkan penurunan kadar kolesterol total sebesar 44,4 1% , penurunan kadar malondialdehida sebesar 61,75% dan penurunan skor NAS sebesar 50 %, dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif. Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak minyak zaitun dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total, sebagai antioksidan dan dapat menghambat terjadinya perlemakan hepar atau fatty liver
English Abstract
Hypercholesterolaemia is a high plasma cholesterol levels and a risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Hypercholesterolemia produces an enzymatic oxidation reaction between oxygen radicals and lipids, causing lipid oxidation. Lipid oxidation is known from malondialdehyde levels, as an oxidative stress biomarker. Malondialdehyde is a reaction product of lipid peroxidation decomposition, which forms pink chromophores with thiobarbituric acid in acidic atmosphere. Accumulation of lipids in the liver causes producing fat granules in the liver cells, namely steatosis or fatty liver. Lipid oxidation in the liver causes inflammation and hepatic ballooning cell. Histologic changes in the liver can be assessed based on the NAS score (Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Activity Score). This study aims to determine the potential of olive oil extract (Olea europaea) in reducing cholesterol and malondialdehyde levels, along with inhibiting fatty liver developmant in hiperlipemic rats. Olea europaea contains oleic acid and phenolic minor component, hydroxy tyrosol, which can lower cholesterol LDL (low density lipoprotein), by increasing clearance of triglycerides. Oleic acid is able to decrease LDL oxidation and ROS production, thereby lowering malondialdehyde levels. Olive oil extract can decrease the activation of NF-κβ (nuclear factor kappa beta), decrease production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF α ( tumor necroting factor alfa ), IL6 (interleukin 6), so that it can inhibit the formation of fatty liver and steatosis hepatitis. This study used two-month-old male rats (Rattus norvegicus) with an average weight of 200 grams. Rats were divided into four groups, healthy control group, positive control group, and two treatment groups, with four rats for each group. Positive control group was received high fatty diet for 28 days. First and second treatment groups were received high fatty diet for 28 days, and olive oil extract of 0,828 grams (1 mL ), 1,656 grams (2 mL) daily for 14 days, respectively. The measurement of total cholesterol used ix cholesterol test strips based on oxidation enzyme reaction cholesterol esterase and cholesterol oxidase that produce hydrogen peroxidation, then analyzed with biosensor refractophotometry. Measurement of malondialdehyde used thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test. Histological observation of fatty liver was assessed using a NAS (Non alcoholic fatty liver disease score). The results showed that olive oil extract 1.656 grams (2 mL) per day decreased total cholesterol level up to 44,41 %, malondialdehyde level up to 61,75%, and NAS score up to 50%, compared with positive control. It was concluded that olive oil extract can decrease total cholesterol level, as an anti oxidant and prevent fattyliver development.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/615.323 87/HAN/p/2019/041901491 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Ekstrak Minyak Zaitun (Olea europaea), Profil Lipid, ksidasi Lipid Dan Fatty Liver |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 615 Pharmacology and therapeutics > 615.3 Organics drugs > 615.32 Drugs derived from plants and mikroorganisms > 615.323 87 Drugs derived from olive oil |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Biologi, Fakultas MIPA |
| Depositing User: | Endang Susworini |
| Date Deposited: | 07 Jul 2022 03:34 |
| Last Modified: | 07 Jul 2022 03:34 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/191675 |
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