Hanafi, Pandu Salim (2019) Toksisitas Akut Dan Efek Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Teripang (Holothuria Atra) Terhadap Mencit Jantan (Balb/C) Yang Diinduksi Staphylococcus Aureus. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Infeksi bakteri pathogen Staphyloccus aureus dapat membahayakan kesehatan manusia. Infeksi S. aureus akan meningkatkan sekresi sitokin inflamasi TNFα dan IL-1β. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bakteri S. aureus teridentifikasi resisten terhadap beberapa jenis antibiotik seperti tetrasiklin, ampisilin, dan amikasin. Holothuria atra merupakan salah satu jenis teripang yang relatif murah namun pemanfaatannya belum dioptimalkan karena memiliki rasa pahit sehingga membuat jenis teripang ini kurang diminati oleh masyarakat. Penelitian mengenai manfaat kandungan bioaktif teripang sebagai antibakteri telah banyak dilakukan. Holothuria atra diketahui mengandung senyawa immunomodulator & antibakteri alami seperti flavonoid, fenol, saponin, triterpenoid, steroid, dan alkaloid. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa antibakteri dan mengetahui dosis LD50 (lethal dose) dari ekstrak etanol teripang Holothuria atra, serta mengetahui dosis yang optimal terhadap sistem imun mencit (BALB/c) jantan yang diinduksi bakteri S. aureus dibandingkan ampisilin. Hasil ekstraksi dianalisa antioksidan, uji antibakteri, dan analisa senyawa dengan LCMS dan GCMS. Hasil ekstraksi akan diuji lanjut secara in vivo untuk mengetahui dosis LD50 dan pontesinya sebagai antibakteri terhadap infeksi S. aureus. Percobaan uji lanjut secara in vivo menggunakan True Experimental Design: Post Test Control Group Design dengan dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok tikus yaitu kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, kontrol obat (ampisilin), ekstrak dosis 280 mg/Kg BB, dan ekstrak dosis 420 mg/Kg BB. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa dengan menggunakan Analysis of Varian (ANOVA) dan diuji lanjut menggunakan uji lanjut BNJ (α=5%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol Holothuria atra mempunyai nilai IC50 sebesar 396,39 ppm dan mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus secara in vitro (metode cakram) dan in vivo. Ekstrak etanol Holothuria. atra diketahui mengandung senyawa dengan kelimpahan paling banyak dan kemungkinan berperan aktif sebagai agen antibakteri adalah komponen asam lemak, yaitu asam miristat (C14:0), asam palmitate (C16:0), asam palmitoleat (C16:1), dan asam stearate (C18:0). Ekstrak etanol Holothuria atra termasuk golongan sediaan yang praktis tidak toksik dengan hasil LD50 sebesar 5000 mg/Kg BB. Dosis ekstrak etanol Holothuria atra sebesar 420 mg/Kg BB adalah dosis ekstrak yang optimal sebagai immunoodulator, yakni dengan menurunkan jumlah rerata ekspresi sel CD4+CD62L-, CD8+CD62L-, CD4+CD25+CD62L-, CD4+TNF-α+, dan CD11b+TNF-α+, serta meningkatkan ekspresi sel CD4+IL10+ dan CD11b+, IL10+
English Abstract
Staphyloccus aureus infection can endanger human health. S. aureus infection will increase the secretion of inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1β. Several studies have shown that S. aureus bacteria are identified to be resistant to several types of antibiotics such as tetracycline, ampicillin, and amikacin. Holothuria atra is one type of sea cucumber that is relatively inexpensive but has not been used optimally because it has a bitter taste that makes this type of sea cucumber less attractive to the public. Research on the benefits of bioactive content of sea cucumbers as an antibacterial has been carried out. Holothuria atra is known to contain antibacterial and immunomodulatory compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, saponins, triterpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids. The purpose of this study was to identify antibacterial compounds and determine the LD50 dose (lethal dose) of ethanol extract of Holothuria atra, as well as determine the optimal dose of male immune system (BALB / c) induced by S. aureus bacteria compared to ampicillin. Holothuria atra extracts were analyzed for antioxidants, antibacterial testing, and compound analysis by LCMS and GCMS. The extraction results will be further tested in vivo to determine the dose of LD50 and its potential as an antibacterial against S. aureus infection. In vivo further test experiments using the True Experimental Design: Post Test Control Group Design. The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variants (ANOVA) and further tested using a BNJ advanced test (α = 5%). The results showed that the ethanol extract of Holothuria atra had an IC50 value of 396.39 ppm and was able to inhibit the growth of S. aureus bacteria in vitro (disc method) and in vivo. Holothuria atra ethanol extract is known to contain compounds with the most abundance and is likely to play an active role as an antibacterial agent is a component of fatty acids, namely myristic acid (C14: 0), palmitate acid (C16: 0), palmitoleic acid (C16: 1), and acids stearate (C18: 0). Holothuria atra ethanol extract is included as a practically non-toxic preparation with LD50 yield of 5000 mg / kg BW. Holothuria atra ethanol extract dose of 420 mg / kg BW is the optimal extract dose as an immunoodulator, namely by reducing the average cell count of CD4 + CD62L-, CD8 + CD62L-, CD4 + CD25 + CD62L-, CD4 + TNF-α +, and CD11b + TNF-α +, and increase CD4 + IL10 + and CD11b + cell expression
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | TES/615.36/HAN/t/2019/041910509 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Holothurian atra, Antibakteri, Toksisitas akut, Immunomodulator,-Holothuria atra, Antibacterial, Acute toxicity, Immunomodulator |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 615 Pharmacology and therapeutics > 615.3 Organics drugs > 615.36 Drugs of animal origin |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Endang Susworini |
| Date Deposited: | 15 Jun 2022 06:13 |
| Last Modified: | 15 Jun 2022 06:13 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/191193 |
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