Ketahanan Induksi Tanaman Padi Melalui Pemberian Kompos Daduk Tebu Terhadap Wereng Batang Coklat (Nilaparvata lugens Stål.).

Taufiqurrahman, Achmad Fitriadi and Dr. Ir. Bambang Tri Rahardjo,, SU. and Dr. Agr. Sc. Hagus Tarno, SP., MP. (2020) Ketahanan Induksi Tanaman Padi Melalui Pemberian Kompos Daduk Tebu Terhadap Wereng Batang Coklat (Nilaparvata lugens Stål.). Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Padi merupakan komoditas tanaman pangan penghasil beras yang memegang peranan penting dalam kehidupan ekonomi Indonesia. Ketersediaan beras menjadi prioritas utama masyarakat dalam memenuhi kebutuhan asupan karbohidrat. Beras dikonsumsi oleh kurang lebih 90% penduduk Indonesia sebagai makanan pokok sehari-hari. Permasalahan hama pada tanaman padi yang dianggap paling merusak yaitu wereng batang coklat (WBC) (Nilaparvata lugens Stål). Selama ini WBC dikendalikan menggunakan pestisida kimia sintetik. Penggunaan pestisida yang tidak sesuai dengan anjuran dan aturan berpotensi menimbulkan permasalahan baru. Oleh karena itu, pengembangan metode alternatif untuk mengendalikan hama padi menjadi sangat penting. Ketahanan induksi tanaman adalah salah satu komponen dalam strategi pengelolaan hama terpadu (PHT), yang dapat dijadikan alternatif perlindungan tanaman jangka panjang dan berkelanjutan dengan biaya rendah. Ketahanan induksi tanaman dapat dicapai dan diatur melalui pengelolaan budidaya tanaman. Pemupukan kompos yang mengandung silikat (Si) adalah praktik pengelolaan tanaman yang dapat memberikan ketahanan induksi pada tanaman. Hal tersebut terbukti dalam dekade terakhir telah ditemukan bahwa silikat berperan penting dalam ketahanan tanaman terhadap stres biotik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh pupuk kompos daduk tebu pada ketahanan tanaman padi terhadap hama wereng batang coklat; kandungan unsur silikat (SiO2) dan tingkat kekerasan pada batang tanaman padi; serta mempelajari mekanisme ketahanan pada tanaman padi akibat pemupukan kompos daduk tebu. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus sampai dengan November 2020. Penelitian dilakukan di screen house Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya dan Laboratorium Hama, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya. Analisis kandungan silikat (SiO2) dilakukan di Laboratorium Pusat Penelitian Perkebunan Gula Indonesia. Analisis tingkat kekerasan batang tanaman padi dilakukan di Laboratorium Pengujian Mutu dan Keamanan Pangan, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 kali ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari tanaman padi yang dipupuk kompos daduk tebu dengan variasi dosis (8, 11, 14, dan 17 t ha-1) dan kontrol tanpa pupuk kompos. Parameter pengamatan yang dilakuakan adalah mortalitas WBC, intensitas kerusakan tanaman padi, kandungan silikat pada batang padi dan tingkat kekerasan batang padi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya pengaruh pemupukan kompos daduk tebu terhadap mortalitas WBC, Intensitas kerusakan padi, kandungan silikat pada batang padi dan kekerasan batang padi. Semakin tinggi dosis pupuk kompos yang diberikan mengakibatkan mortalitas WBC yang tinggi, intensitas kerusakan padi menjadi rendah, kandungan silikat batang padi lebih tinggi dan batang padi menjadi lebih keras.

English Abstract

Rice is a food crop commodity that plays an important role in Indonesia's economic life. The availability of rice is a top priority for the community in meeting the needs for carbohydrate intake. Rice is consumed by approximately 90% of Indonesia's population as a daily staple food. The pest problem in rice plants that is considered the most destructive is the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål). So far, the brown planthopper has been controlled by synthetic chemical pesticides. The application of pesticides that is not in accordance with recommendations and regulations has the potential to cause new problems. Therefore, the development of alternative methods to control rice pests is very important. Induced resistance is one component of an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy, which can be used as a low cost alternative for long- term and sustainable plant protection. Induced resistance can be achieved and regulated through crop cultivation management. Fertilization of compost containing silicate (Si) is a crop management practice that can provide induced resistance to plants. This has been proven in the last decade that silicates have an important role in plant resistance to biotic stress. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of sugarcane compost on the resistance of rice plants to brown planthoppers; silicate (SiO2) content and the level of hardness on rice stems; as well as studying the resistance mechanism in rice plants due to sugarcane compost. The research was conducted from August to November 2020. The research was conducted at the screen house of the Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University and the Pest Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University. Analysis of silicate content (SiO2) was carried out at the Indonesian Sugar Plantation Research Center Laboratory. Analysis of the hardness lever of rice stem was carried out at the Food Quality and Safety Testing Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consisted of rice plants fertilized with sugarcane compost with various doses (8, 11, 14, and 17 t ha-1) and control without compost. The observed parameters were brown planthopper mortality, intensity of damage to rice plants, silicate content in rice stems and the hardness level of rice stem. The results showed the effect of sugarcane compost on brown planthopper mortality, intensity of rice damage, silicate content in rice stem and the hardness of rice stem. The higher the dose of compost given resulted in high brown planthopper mortality, the intensity of rice damage was lower, the silicate content of rice stem was higher and the rice stem became harder.

Item Type:	Thesis (Magister)
Identification Number:	0520040110
Subjects:	600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 630 Agriculture and related technologies
Divisions:	S2/S3 > Magister Ilmu Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian
Depositing User:	agung
Date Deposited:	18 May 2022 02:40
Last Modified:	18 May 2022 02:40
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/190549

Text (DALAM MASA EMBARGO) Achmad Fitriadi Taufiqurrahman.pdf Restricted to Registered users only until 31 December 2023. Download (1MB)

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