Sianturi, Rowilson and Dr. Ir. Sandra Malin Sutan.,, MP and La Choviya Hawa,, S.TP., M.P., Ph.D. (2021) Evaluasi Sifat Fisik, Mekanik, Kimia, dan Kristalinitas Beberapa Jenis Serat Batang Pisang (Musa Sp). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Salah satu biomassa lignoselulosa yang melimpah di Indonesia dan biasanya hanya dijadikan sebagai limbah pertanian adalah serat batang pisang. Biomassa lignoselulosa dalam serat batang pisang memiliki banyak manfaat seperti konversi menjadi etanol sebagai substitusi bensin untuk transportasi. Contoh manfaat lain dari limbah serat batang pisang adalah pembuatan serat sintetis, tekstil, papan partikel dan masih banyak lagi pemanfaatan dari serat batang pisang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis serat batang pisang dan mencari karakteristik serat batang pisang yang terbaik dari sepuluh jenis serat batang pisang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan berdasarkan karakterisasi fisik, mekanik, kimia dan kristalinitas. Parameter sifat kimia yang diamati adalah kadar ekstraktif, abu, holoselulosa, alfa selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin untuk menentukan kualitas serat pisang yang memiliki karakteristik yang terbaik. Serat pisang yang terbaik memiliki nilai kadar air, kadar abu, kadar ekstraktif, dan kadar lignin yang rendah, selain itu juga memiliki kadar holoselulosa, kadar alfa selulosa, dan kadar hemiselulosa yang tinggi. Serat pisang terbaik juga memiliki nilai densitas yang rendah, nilai kuat tarik yang tinggi, nilai modulus elastisitas tinggi dan nilai kristalinitas yang tinggi. Dalam proses pembuatan diversifikasi produk serat memerlukan informasi karakteristik serat termasuk komposisi kimianya. Hal ini karena komposisi kimia serat alam bervariasi tergantung pada letak geografis, umur, jenis tanaman, kondisi lingkungan maupun jenis tanah dimana suatu tanaman tumbuh. Adapun komposisi kimia dari serat batang pisang pada penelitian ini meliputi kadar air, kadar abu, kadar ekstraktif, kadar lignin, kadar holoselulosa, kadar alfa selulosa, dan kadar hemiselulosa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik kimia dari sepuluh jenis serat batang pisang yang digunakan pada penelitian ini menghasilkan kadar air antara 9.55% - 11.74%, kadar abu antara 4.96% - 15.68%, kadar ekstraktif antara 11.27% - 25.16%, kadar lignin antara 3.71% - 4.69%, kadar lignin terlarut asam antara 3.63% - 4.05%, kadar holoselulosa antara 39.57% - 52.16%, kadar alfa selulosa antara 23.89% - 33.28%, dan kadar hemiselulosa antara 14.85% - 19.58%. Sehingga perbedaan spesies tanaman pisang memberikan pengaruh terhadap karakteristik kimia, karakteristik sifat mekanik, densitas, dan kristalinitas serat. Pada penelitian ini diketahui bahwa serat batang pisang cavendish memiliki karakteristik terbaik diantara sembilan jenis tanaman pisang lainnya.
English Abstract
One of the abundant lignocellulosic biomass in Indonesia and usually only used as agricultural waste is banana stem fiber. Lignocellulosic biomass in banana stem fiber has many benefits, such as conversion to ethanol as a substitute for gasoline for transportation. Another example of banana stem fiber waste can be beneficial in manufacturing synthetic fibers, textiles, particleboard, and many more uses from banana stem fibers. This study aims to analyze banana stem fiber and find the best characteristics from ten types of banana stem fiber—the research conduct-based on physical, mechanical, chemical, and crystallinity characterization. Parameters observed were holo cellulose, alpha-cellulose, and lignin to determine the quality of banana fiber which has the best characteristics. The best banana fiber has a low moisture content, ash content, extractive content, and lignin content, besides that it also has high holo-cellulose content, alpha-cellulose content, and high hemicellulose content. The best banana fiber also has a low density, high tensile strength, high elastic modulus, and high crystallinity. In fiber-based product production, comprehensive information on fiber characteristics, is required. The chemical composition of natural fibers varies depending on geographical location, age, type of plant, environmental conditions, and the type of soil where a plant grows. The chemical composition of banana stem fiber in this study included water content, ash content, extractive content, lignin content, holo cellulose content, alpha-cellulose content, and hemicellulose content. The results showed that the chemical characteristics of ten types of banana stem fiber have a moisture content between 9.55% -11.74%, ash content between 4.96% - 15.68%, extractive content between 11.27% - 25.16%, lignin content between 3.71% - 4.69%, acid-soluble lignin content 3.63% - 4.05%, holo cellulose content between 39.57% - 52.16%, alpha-cellulose content between 23.89% - 33.28%, and hemicellulose content between 14.85% - 19.58%. The differences in banana plant species influence the chemical-mechanical characteristics, density, and fiber crystallinity. Based on the scoring method, cavendish banana fiber presents the best characteristics compared to the others.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0521100272 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | kristalinitas, komponen kimia, serat alam, sifat fisis-mekanis, tanaman pisang,banana plant, chemical components, crystallinity, fiber properties,tensile strength |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 630 Agriculture and related technologies |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Keteknikan Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 17 May 2022 03:11 |
| Last Modified: | 17 May 2022 03:11 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/190493 |
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