Mahadiansar, - and Drs. Andy Fefta Wijaya., MDA., Ph.D and Dr. Alfi Haris Wanto, S.AP., M.AP., MMG. (2021) Program Pascasarjana, Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. “Implementasi Kebijakan Pengembangan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan Berbasis Network Governance. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis Implementasi Kebijakan Pengembangan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan Berbasis Network Governance (Studi di Kabupaten Bintan, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau). Analisis yang digunakan yaitu Model Grindle sebagai proses politik dan administrasi berfokus pada dua aspek, pertama Content of Policy dan kedua Context Implementation serta Model Kapucu et al sebagai dimensi Network Governance. Jenis penelitian ini kualitatif studi kasus di Kabupaten Bintan, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau. Data primer dari informan melalui wawancara dengan Stakeholders serta hasil observasi yang didapatkan peneliti. Sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari dokumen yang. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Instrumen menggunakan pedoman wawancara, recording serta dokumentasi. Analisa penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan pencocokan pola coding diuji software NVivo 12 Pro, pengembang penjelasan, dan model logika. selanjutnya analisa pembahasan penelitian dilakukan uji keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi terdiri dari metode, penyidik, data dan teori. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan implementasi kebijakan pengembangan pariwisata berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Bintan berbasis Network Governance sulit dilaksanakan masa pandemi COVID-19. Pertama Content of Policy meliputi kepentingan yang dipengaruhi memiliki perbedaan kepentingan antar stakeholder. Jenis manfaat yang diterima oleh masyarakat dan UMKM. Saat pandemi COVID- 19 industri pariwisata secara fasilitas kesehatan lebih “siap” mendapatkan manfaat dibanding UMKM yang tidak mempunyai fasilitas kesehatan yang memadai. Pada derajat perubahan yang diinginkan terciptanya kondisi kepariwisataan yang kondusif untuk menciptakan perputaran ekonomi bagi masyarakat. Hal ini diterapkan pada persiapan S.O.P tentang Travel Bubble. Letak Pengambilan keputusan saat ini pemerintah pusat menjadi aktor utama, Hal yang menjadi pertimbangan terkait menerapkan CHSE, MICE, I Do Care dan fasilitas kesehatan lainnya. Lalu program diimplementasikan berupa kegiatan pariwisata berbasis pemberdayaan yang dilakukan oleh stakeholders di level kabupaten. Pemerintah sebelumnya telah merencanakan program berskala nasional dan internasional sesuai kalender pariwisata, namun hal tersebut tidak dapat diimplementasikan karena pandemi COVID-19. Sumber daya yang dibutuhkan adanya ketidakpastian penyerahan kewenangan mengenai S.O.P oleh pemerintah pusat kepada stakeholders daerah sehingga implementasi kebijakan tidak bisa berjalan sebagaimana mestinya termasuk dalam konteks sumber daya yang dibutuhkan. Kedua Context Implementation pada Kekuasaan, Kepentingan dan Strategi untuk meningkatkan angka wisatawan masih menjadi fokus utama beberapa stakeholders dalam masa pandemi COVID-19. Karakteristik dari Institusi, Lembaga, atau Rezim adalah semi sentralistis yang tercermin dari sebagian urusan terutama sumber daya alam yang dipegang oleh pemerintah pusat. Terakhir tingkat kepatuhan serta responsivitas; Respons positif tercermin dari persiapan viii pembukaan kembali border yang sesuai dengan rencana, hal tersebut karena regulasi yang dibuat oleh pemerintah cukup ketat. Di sisi lain, belum adanya S.O.P yang mengatur aktivitas kepariwisataan berbasis pemberdayaan memicu respons negatif dari masyarakat karena segala kemungkinan bisa terjadi di sektor pariwisata tidak mempunyai ruang lingkup yang dibatasi. Kemudian pada dimensi Network Governance dalam manajemen dan kepemimpinan belum melibatkan seluruh stakeholder terkait. Hal tersebut terjadi karena perbedaan fokus dan kepentingan antar sesama stakeholder. Selanjutnya Pengetahuan dan Pertukaran Informasi pemerintah masih mengandalkan media sebagai platform utama karena media sosial dianggap efektif dalam penyebaran informasi di era digitalisasi. Namun yang menjadi keterbatasan tidak adanya regulasi bagi forum non formal seperti Sustainable Tourism Destinantion (STD) padahal forum tersebut menjadi salah satu memperkuat implementasi kebijakan pengembangan pariwisata berbasis Network governance. Kekuasaan dan Pengambilan Keputusan antar Organisasi didominasi oleh pemerintah pusat yang berperan sebagai Policy Maker dan pengusaha sebagai penggerak aktivitas kepariwisataan di Kabupaten Bintan. Legitimasi yang didapatkan berupa pengakuan dari pemerintah pusat untuk mengembangkan destinasi prioritas. Secara akuntabilitas, pemerintah masih terhambat adanya pandemi COVID-19 sehingga kerja sama bertaraf internasional belum dapat diimplementasikan meskipun akuntabilitas pemerintah mendapatkan perhatian dari pemerintah Indonesia dan organisasi internasional. Faktor kinerja, penguatan Network Governance menerapkan asas gotong royong dalam implementasi pengembangan pariwisata berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Bintan. Pemerintah harus melakukan evaluasi kinerja penguatan regulasi bagi forum non formal seperti STD, karena dengan adanya regulasi tersebut dapat memperkuat Network Governance dalam implementasi kebijakan pariwisata berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Bintan.
English Abstract
The purpose of this research is to examine the implementation of a policy for sustainable tourism development that is based on network governance (Study in Bintan Regency, Riau Islands Province). The Grindle Model is analyzed as a political and administrative process, with an emphasis on two dimensions: the policy's substance and its environment of execution, and the Kapucu et al. model as a dimension of network governance. This is a qualitative case study conducted in the Bintan Regency, Riau Islands Province. Primary data were gathered from informants through interviews, including stakeholders, and from the findings of researchers' observations. Simultaneously, secondary data were extracted from the documents. Observation, interviewing, and documenting are all methods of data collecting. The tool follows established principles for interviewing, recording, and documenting. The study of this research was replicated utilizing the NVivo 12 Pro software's coding pattern matching, explanation developers, and logic models. Additionally, the research discussion was analyzed again to ascertain the data's validity via triangulation of methodologies, investigators, data, and hypotheses. The study's findings indicate that it would be difficult to execute sustainable tourist development plans in the Bintan Regency based on network governance during the COVID-19 pandemic. To begin, the policy's content comprises interests that are affected by the stakeholder types of interests. MSMEs got a variety of perks. The community and micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises. During the COVID-19 epidemic, the tourist business benefited more MSMEs than MSMEs without sufficient health services. At the goal development of modifying the environment for developing tourism, an economic cycle for the community is created. This is true for the standard operating procedure (S.O.P.) preparation of the Travel Bubble. The central government, as the decision-making body, is the primary player when it comes to establishing CHSE, MICE, I Do Care, and other health facilities. The initiative is then executed via empowerment-based tourism activities carried out by district stakeholders. The government had previously planned national and international-scale projects around the tourist calendar, but they were unable to be executed owing to the epidemic of COVID-19. The resources required are ambiguous given the central government's transfer of responsibility over S.O.P. to regional stakeholders, preventing policy implementation from running smoothly, notably in the context of resource implementation. Second, adoption of contexts based on Power, Interest, and Strategy to boost tourism was still a priority for various stakeholders during the COVID-19 epidemic. Institutions are semi-centralized, or regimes are semi-centralized, which is reflected in some matters, particularly natural resources, which are owned by the central authority. Finally, the degree of compliance and responsiveness; the good reaction is evident in the preparations for reopening the border in accordance with the plan; this is because the government's restrictions are stringent. On the other hand, the lack of a standard operating procedure (S.O.P.) governing empowermentx based tourism operations elicits a negative reaction from the community, since not everything that occurs in the tourist industry is restricted in scope. The Network Governance component of management and leadership at that time was not inclusive of all important players. This occurs because of stakeholders' divergent objectives and interests. Additionally, the government's Knowledge Management and Information Exchange functions continue to depend heavily on the media as the primary venue for conveying information in the digital era. However, there are no laws governing informal forums such as Sustainable Tourism Destinations (S.T.D.), despite the fact that these forums are one approach to boost the execution of network-based tourism development plans. Between organizations, power and decision-making are controlled by the central government, which works as a policymaker, and businesspeople, who operate as the driving force of tourism in the Bintan Regency. Legitimacy is acquired by the central government's acknowledgement of the need to create key destinations. In terms of accountability, the government international is still impeded by the COVID-19 epidemic, which means that international collaboration cannot be implemented even if the Indonesian government and foreign organizations have shown interest in the government international. Performance indicators, network governance enhancement, and long-term collaboration are all critical components of executing sustainable tourist development in Bintan Regency. The government must assess the effectiveness of tightening legislation governing non-formal forums such as S.T.D., as their continued presence may help increase network governance in the implementation of sustainable tourism policies in Bintan Regency.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0521030305 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Content of Policy; Context of Implementation; Pariwisata; Network Governance,Content of Policy; Context of Implementation; Tourism; Network Governance |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 351 Public administration |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi > Ilmu Administrasi Publik / Negara |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Apr 2022 01:50 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Apr 2022 01:50 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/190249 |
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