Sulistyowati, Wahyu (2018) Strategi Sertifikasi Dalam Peningkatan Daya Saing Produk Usaha Kecil Menengah (Ukm) Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Ke Pasar Regional Asean. Doktor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Pembangunan sektor kelautan dan perikanan diarahkan ke industrialisasi agar dapat mencegah ketergantungan kebutuhan konsumsi Indonesia pada negara lain, dengan cara memanfaatkan pasar lokal yang besar ini sebagai basis pengembangan pasar internasional. Dengan kata lain, produk UKM pengolahan hasil perikanan harus diterima menjadi tuan di negeri sendiri, dan menjadi dasar untuk masuk dan berkembang di pasar negara lain. Namun demikian fenomena yang ada saat ini adalah semakin meningkatnya produk olahan ikan impor dari negara ASEAN ke pasar dalam negeri, ini merupakan ancaman bagi perkembangan UKM pengolahan hasil perikanan Indonesia yang sementara masih terbentur banyak faktor untuk bisa eksis, bahkan untuk di wilayah Indonesia sendiri. Sedangkan impor bahan makanan dari ASEAN saat ini sudah tidak bisa dibendung setelah diberlakukannya AEC sejak 31 Desember 2015. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh pemenuhan legal requirements, kualitas produk, koordinasi instansi, sumberdaya manusia dan regulasi terhadap pemenuhan market requirements sertifikasi usaha kecil menengah pengolahan hasil perikanan (UKM-PHP); untuk mengkaji pengaruh pemenuhan legal requirements, kualitas produk, koordinasi instansi, sumberdaya manusia dan regulasi melalui pemenuhan market requirements sertifikasi UKM-PHP terhadap daya saing produk di pasar regional ASEAN; untuk merumuskan strategi peningkatan daya saing produk UKM-PHP terhadap aksesibilitas dan penetrasi produk ke pasar regional ASEAN. Penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif ini dilakukan dengan metode survey dan wawancara kepada 126 unit UKM pengolah ikan yang tersebar di 10 kota di Jawa Timur. Data diuji dengan Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel eksogen, yaitu legal requirements, kualitas produk, koordinasi instansi, sumberdaya manusia dan regulasi terhadap daya saing produk UKM pengolahan hasil perikanan, yang dilakukan dengan dengan 3 tahapan model yaitu: model pengukuran (outer model); uji goodness of fit model; dan evaluasi model struktural (inner model). ix Hasil penilaian hubungan sebagai berikut: (1) Legal requirements, sumberdaya manusia dan kualitas produk berpengaruh signifikan terhadap market requirements sertifikasi, dengan original sampel bertanda positif (nilai p < 0,05), sementara variabel lainnya yaitu koordinasi instansi dan regulasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap market requirements sertifikasi. (2) Secara bersama-sama variabel legal requirements, kualitas produk, dan sumberdaya manusia melalui market requirements sertifikasi berpengaruh sangat signifikan terhadap daya saing produk UKM-PHP di pasar regional ASEAN (p < 0,01). Sehingga variabel market requirement merupakan variabel mediator yang kuat bagi legal requirement, kompetensi sdm, dan kualitas produk, untuk meningkatkan daya saing produk UKM PHP. Juga variabel regulasi secara langsung berpengaruh signifikan terhadap daya saing produk (p < 0,05). (3) Strategi sertifikasi untuk peningkatan daya saing produk UKM-PHP terhadap aksesibilitas dan penetrasi produk olahan ikan ke pasar regional ASEAN dilakukan dengan strategi agresif utamanya melalui pemenuhan legal requirements bagi UKM dan pemenuhan market requirements untuk produk UKM bisa berpenetrasi ke pasar. Dalam iklim pasar bebas, perdagangan sangat mengedepankan standarisasi dan sertifikasi produk dan perusahaan. Temuan utama dalam penelitian ini bahwa daya saing UKM pengolahan hasil perikanan di pasar bebas ASEAN layak menggunakan strategi agresif, yaitu memanfaatkan kekuatan – kekuatan sumberdaya alam dan sumberdaya manusia yang dimiliki untuk merebut peluang-peluang pasar yang ada. Adapun penguatan daya saing terbukti dapat dilakukan melalui strategi sertifikasi produk, dimana strategi ini menuntut terpenuhinya secara beurutan : legal requirement, sumberdaya manusia yang berkompeten, dan kualitas produk yang terjamin.
English Abstract
The development of the marine and fisheries sector was directed to industrialization in order to prevent the dependence of Indonesia's consumption needs on other countries, by utilizing this large local market as the basis for the development of international markets. In other words, the product of small and medium enterprises of fishery product processing must be accepted to be the host in their own country, and become the basis for entering and developing in other countries market. However, the current phenomenon was the increasing of imported fish products from the ASEAN countries to the domestic market, this was a threat to the development of small and medium enterprises processing of fishery products of Indonesia which while still bumped many factors to exist, even for in Indonesia alone. While the import of food from ASEAN at this time can not be dammed after the agreement of AEC since last December 2015. The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of fulfillment of legal requirements, product quality, agency coordination, human resources and regulation on fulfillment of market requirements of certification of small and medium enterprises processing of fishery products; to examine the effect of compliance with legal requirements, product quality, agency coordination, human resources and regulation through the fulfillment of market requirements for certification of small and medium enterprises processing of fishery products on competitiveness of small and medium enterprises in fishery products processing in ASEAN regional market; to formulate a strategy to improve the competitiveness of small-scale processing products of fishery products to the accessibility and penetration of small and medium enterprises in processing fishery products to ASEAN regional market. This descriptive quantitative research was carried out by survey and interview methods for 126 fish processing UKM units in 10 cities in East Java. The data were tested by Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis to determine the effect of exogenous variables, namely legal requirements, product quality, agency coordination, human resources and xi regulation on the competitiveness of fisheries product processing SME products, which were carried out in 3 stages: measurement model (outer model); test the goodness of fit model; and evaluation of structural models (inner models). The results of the relationship assessment are as follows: (1) Legal requirements, human resources and product quality have a significant effect on the market requirements of certification, with original samples marked positive (p value <0.05), while other variables namely agency and regulatory coordination have no significant effect on market requirements certification. (2) Together the legal requirements, product quality, and human resources variables through the market requirements certification have a very significant effect on the competitiveness of UKM-PHP products in the ASEAN regional market (p < 0.01). So that the market requirement variable is a strong mediator variable for legal requirements, HR competencies, and product quality, to improve the competitiveness of PHP SME products. Also the regulation variable directly has a significant effect on product competitiveness (p < 0.05). (3) The certification strategy for enhancing the competitiveness of SME-PHP products towards accessibility and penetration of fish processed products into the ASEAN regional market is carried out with aggressive strategies primarily through fulfilling the legal requirements for SMEs and meeting market requirements for SME products that can penetrate the market. In a free trade era, trade strongly promotes product and company standardization and certification. The main finding in this study is that the competitiveness of fisheries product processing SMEs in the ASEAN free market deserves to use an aggressive strategy, namely utilizing the strengths of natural resources and human resources possessed to seize existing market opportunities. The strengthening of competitiveness is proven to be carried out through product certification strategies, where this strategy requires continuous fulfillment: legal requirements, competent human resources, and guaranteed product quality.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Doktor) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | DIS/338.372 7/SUL/s/2018/061901486 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | SME fisheries, competitiveness, legal requirements, certification |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.3 Other extractive industries > 338.37 Products > 338.372 Products of fishing, whaling, hunting, trapping > 338.372 7 Products of fishing, whaling, hunting, trapping (Fishing) |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Doktor Ilmu Perikanan dan Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan |
| Depositing User: | Endang Susworini |
| Date Deposited: | 27 Apr 2022 03:55 |
| Last Modified: | 27 Apr 2022 03:55 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/190217 |
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