Lestari, Sri (2019) Pemanfaatan Arang Aktif Tempurung Kelapa Sawit Dan Batubara Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Air (Studi Kasus Sungai Karang Mumus Samarinda). Doctor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Sungai Karang Mumus merupakan salah satu anak sungai Mahakam yang melalui kota Samarinda dan kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. Masyarakat yang tinggal di bantaran sungai memanfaatkan air sungai tersebut untuk berbagai keperluan dan menghasilkan limbah yang turut menyumbang penurunan kualitas air sungai. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kualitas air sungai dengan baku mutu kelas II. Tiga langkah yang ditempuh dalam penelitian ini adalah penentuan status mutu air sungai dengan metode STORET, melakukan penelusuran kualitas air sungai dan daya dukungnya menggunakan program QUAL2Kw serta membandingkan 2 macam arang aktif dari tempurung kelapa sawit dan batubara sebagai adsorben dalam pengolahan air sungai. Penelitian ini dimulai dari bawah Bendungan Benanga (Stasiun I), kawasan pertanian (stasiun II), kawasan pertanian dan permukiman (stasiun III), kawasan perumahan dan pasar tradisional (stasiun IV), setelah mendapat draiase yang melewati perkotaan dan beberapa pasar tradidional (stasiun V) serta mendekati pertemuan dengan sungai Mahakam atau muara (stasiun VI). Panjang Sungai Karang Mumus yang diamati adalah 17,484 km. Status mutu sungai diperoleh dengan mengukur kualitas air meliputi padatan tersuspensi total (Total Suspended Solid atau TSS), oksigen terlarut (Dissolved Oxygen atau DO), kebutuhan oksigen biokimia (Biochemical Oxygen Demand atau BOD), N total, P total, serta bakteri Coliform. Selanjutnya digunakan perhitungan berdasarkan metode STORET. Penentuan prediksi mutu air sungai Karang Mumus digunakan model QUAL2Kw agar diperoleh baku mutu air kelas II. Langkah yang ditempuh dengan membagi sungai menjadi empat segmen, berdasarkan masukan anak sungai atau saluran drainase. Dua Percobaan untuk memperoleh air yang sesuai dengan baku mutu dilakukan dengan membuat model alat (aliran kontinyu) yang dibuat secara khusus berisi arang aktif baik dari tempurung kelapa sawit maupun batubara masing-masing dengan diameter 2 mm ;3,5 mm; 5 mm dan diamati setelah 6 jam,12 jam, serta 24 jam. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan dengan metode STORET diperoleh wilayah sungai setelah bendungan Bananga dan kawasan pertanian (stasiun I dan II) telah tercemar sedang yang diduga dari adanya karamba jaring apung di bendungan tersebut (sebelum stasiun I). Sungai Karang Mumus pada wilayah pemukiman dan perkotaan (stasiun III, IV, V, VI) mendapatkan status mutu air cemar berat. Hasil pemodelan dengan QUAL2Kw menunjukkan bahwa sungai Karang Mumus tidak memenuhi baku mutu air kelas II berdasarkan Keputusan Gubernur Kalimantan Timur Nomor 2 tahun 2011 serta sungai hanya mempunyai daya dukung terhadap parameter P-total. Penurunan kadar polutan terbaik diperoleh pada pengolahan menggunakan arang aktif diameter 2 mm dengan waktu pengolahan 6 jam yang mampu menurunkan kadar TSS, BOD dan P total hingga mencapai baku mutu air kelas I sedangkan parameter N total dan bakteri Coliform hanya mencapai baku mutu kelas II dengan perbandingan arang dan air 1 : 64. xi Air Sungai Karang Mumus telah tercemar antara sedang sampai berat dengan kualitas air yang telah melampaui baku mutu kelas II. Arang aktif dari batubara secara adsorpsi mampu menurunkan bakteri Coliform, P-Total, TSS, N-Total dan BOD, berkisar 9,1 % sampai 26,6 % lebih baik dibandingkan dengan arang aktif dari tempurung kelapa sawit. Kemampuan kedua arang aktif batubara maupun tempurung kelapa sawit tidak berbeda jauh, namun lebih disarankan penggunaan arang aktif dari tempurung kelapa sawit karena dapat memanfaatkan tempurung kelapa sawit hasil pengolahan minyak kelapa sawit.
English Abstract
Karang Mumus River is one of the Mahakam tributaries that passes through Samarinda city and Kutai Kartanegara district. The people who live along the river use the river water for various purposes and produce waste that contributes to the decline in river water quality. The research aims to obtain river water quality with class II quality standards. The three steps taken in this study are determining the status of river water quality using the STORET method, tracking the quality of river water and its carrying capacity using the QUAL2Kw program and comparing the 2 types of activated carbon from coconut and coal shells as adsorbents in river water treatment. This research was started from under the Benanga Dam (Station I), agricultural area (station II), agriculture and settlement area (station III), housing area and traditional market (station IV), after receiving drainage through urban areas and several traditional markets (station V) and approach the meeting with the Mahakam river or estuary (station VI). The observed length of the Karang Mumus River is 17.484 km. River quality status is obtained by measuring water quality including total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total N, total P, and Coliform bacteria. Then the calculation based on the STORET method is used. The QUAL2Kw model is used to determine the prediction of the Karang Mumus river water quality to obtain class II water quality standards. The steps were taken by dividing the river into four segments, based on input tributaries or drainage channels. Two experiments to obtain water by quality standards were carried out by making a tool model (continuous flow) that was made specifically containing activated carbon from both the oil palm shell and coal with a diameter of 2 mm each, 3.5 mm; 5 mm and observed after 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours. Based on the results of calculations using the STORET method, the river area after the Bananga dam and agricultural area (stations I and II) have been moderately polluted which is suspected from the existence of floating net cages in the dam (before station I). The Karang Mumus River in residential and urban areas (stations III, IV, V, VI) receives heavy polluted water quality status. The results of modeling with QUAL2Kw show that the Karang Mumus river do not meet class II water quality standards based on East Kalimantan Governor Decree Number 2 of 2011 and the river only has a carrying capacity of the P-total parameter. The best reduction in pollutant levels was obtained in processing using 2 mm diameter activated carbon with a processing time of 6 hours which was able to reduce levels of TSS, BOD and total P-total to reach class I water quality standards while the total N parameters and Coliform bacteria only reached class II quality standards by comparison carbon and water 1: 64. Karang Mumus River water has been polluted between moderate to severe with water quality that has exceeded Class II quality standards. Activated carbon from coal can reduce Coliform bacteria, P-total, TSS, N-total and BOD, ranging from 9.1% to 26.6% xiii better than activated carbon from palm shell. The difference in ability of the two active carbon is not significantly different but it is recommended to use active carbon from the palm shells because it can deal with palm oil processing waste.
Other obstract
-
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctor) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | DIS/662.93/LES/p/2019/061911455 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Kualitas air sungai, Arang aktif, Status Mutu, metode QUAL2Kw,- |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 662 Explosives of explosives, fuels, related products > 662.9 Nonfuel carbons > 662.93 Adsorbent carbons |
| Divisions: | Program Pascasarjana > Doktor Kajian Lingkungan, Program Pascasarjana |
| Depositing User: | Endang Susworini |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Feb 2022 08:17 |
| Last Modified: | 14 Feb 2022 08:17 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/189763 |
Preview |
Text
DISERTASI (SRI LESTARI-PDIL).pdf Download (6MB) | Preview |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |