Dessy, Vetty Seily Kurnia and Hery Toiba,, SP., MP., Ph.D. and Dr. Fahriyah,, SP., M.Si (2021) Analisis Integrasi Pasar Cabai Rawit (Capsicum Frutescens L.) Di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Integrasi pasar merupakan salah satu indikator penting dalam efisiensi pemasaran yang berperan dalam pengembangan kebijakan pertanian. Akan tetapi, keterlibatan lembaga pemasaran pada proses pendistribusian antara petani dan konsumen mengakibatkan selisih harga yang relatif tinggi. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan adanya transmisi asimetri vertikal. Perbedaan harga produsen dan pengecer dan kecepatan transmisi perubahan harga sangat bergantung pada arus informasi antar pelaku pasar. Sehingga penting untuk memahami sejauh mana adanya guncangan di harga konsumen dapat ditransmisikan ke petani untuk meningkatkan efektivitas kebijakan dan upaya pengendalian harga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan pergerakan harga, menganalisis hubungan kausalitas dan integrasi pasar harga cabai rawit pada tingkat produsen dan pengecer di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Metode analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu analisis statistik deskriptif dan integrasi pasar. Analisis statistik deskriptif dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana kondisi pergerakan harga cabai rawit dengan menggunakan nilai koefisien variasi. Sedangkan integrasi pasar dilakukan dengan pendekatan Threshold Vector Error Correction Model (TVECM). Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu data harga mingguan cabai rawit tingkat petani dan pengecer di Provinsi Jawa Timur (Januari 2016 – Desember 2020) diolah dari Sistem Informasi Ketersediaan dan Perkembangan Harga Bahan Pokok Provinsi Jawa Timur. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan didapatkan bahwa nilai koefisien variasi harga cabai rawit tingkat petani lebih besar daripada harga cabai rawit tingkat pengecer di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa fluktuasi harga cabai rawit tingkat petani lebih besar daripada fluktuasi harga tingkat pengecer. Hal ini menggambarkan bahwa risiko harga petani cabai rawit di Provinsi Jawa Timur lebih tinggi daripada pedagang pengecer. Fluktuasi harga tertinggi terjadi pada tahun 2017 dengan nilai koefisien variasi harga di tingkat petani mencapai 88,34 persen dan harga di pengecer mencapai 78,47 persen. Sementara fluktuasi harga terendah terjadi pada tahun 2018 dengan nilai koefisien variasi tingkat petani sebesar 43,53 persen dan di tingkat pengecer sebesar 36,54 persen. Berdasarkan hasil uji kausalitas didapatkan bahwa harga cabai rawit tingkat pengecer di Provinsi Jawa Timur mempengaruhi harga cabai rawit tingkat petani di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Adanya perubahan harga cabai rawit tingkat pengecer akan mempengaruhi perubahan harga cabai rawit tingkat petani di Provinsi Jawa Timur, tetapi tidak berlaku sebaliknya. Kondisi tersebut menggambarkan bahwa pemasaran cabai rawit masih belum efisien karena informasi harga berjalan searah dari pedagang pengecer ke petani. Hasil analisis integrasi pasar diketahui bahwa harga cabai rawit tingkat petani dan pedagang pengecer di Provinsi Jawa Timur belum terintegrasi. Hasil nilai threshold sebesar 0.25 menunjukkan ketika deviasi dari rata-rata harga cabai ii rawit tingkat petani dan pengecer pada keseimbangan jangka panjang melebihi 25 persen, harga akan menyesuaikan untuk mencapai kondisi keseimbangan, sehingga harga cabai rawit di tingkat petani dan pengecer terkointegrasi pada regime dua. Sementara, apabila deviasi dari rata-rata harga cabai rawit tingkat petani dan pengecer pada kesimbangan jangka panjang kurang dari 25 persen, maka tidak akan terjadi penyesuaian harga dan tidak terintegrasi pada regime satu. Apabila dilihat dari nilai ECT menunjukkan bahwa harga cabai rawit eceran mengalami kenaikan harga lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan harga cabai rawit di tingkat petani. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa pasar cabai rawit di Provinsi Jawa Timur belum efisien. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya perbaikan sistem informasi pasar agar pemasaran cabai rawit di Jawa Timur dapat berjalan dengan efisien dan mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani maupun pelaku pasar lainnya secara merata.
English Abstract
Market integration is one of the important indicators in marketing efficiency that plays a role in the development of agricultural policies. However, the involvement of marketing agencies in the distribution process between farmers and consumers resulted in a relatively high price difference. This indicates a vertical asymmetry transmission. Differences in producer and retailer prices and the speed of transmission of price changes are highly dependent on the flow of information between market participants. So it is important to understand the extent to which shocks in consumer prices can be transmitted to farmers to increase the effectiveness of policies and price control efforts. This research has been conducted to describe price movements, analyze causality relationships, and market integration of cayenne pepper prices at the producers and retailers level in East Java Province. This research was analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis and Threshold Vector Error Correction Model (TVECM) approach. Descriptive statistical analysis used in this study is coefficient of variation. The approach used to analyze market integration for this research is threshold-cointegration. This study uses weekly time-series data from January 2016 to December 2020. These data are collected from Badan Pusat Statistik dan Direktorat Jenderal Hortikultura, and Sistem Informasi Ketersediaan dan Perkembangan Harga Bahan Pokok (SISKAPERBAPO) East Java Province. Based on these results, the value of CV price of cayenne pepper farmers was greater than the retailer level. This suggests that farmer prices of cayenne pepper are more fluctuating than retailer prices. CV value has described fluctuations. The higher the price fluctuation, the higher the price risk received by market participants. The highest price fluctuation occurred in the 2nd period, with the coefficient of price variation at the farmer level reached 88.34 percent and the price at the retailer reached 78.47 percent. While the lowest price fluctuations occurred in the 3rd period, with the value of coefficients of variation in farmer was 43.53 percent, and at the retailer level was 36.54 percent. Based on Granger causality test results explained that PE does not Granger Cause PP, has a probability value (0.0213) smaller than the value of α (0.05) then the price of cayenne pepper at the retailer level in East Java Province affected the price of cayenne pepper at the farmer level in East Java Province. So that, the change in the price of cayenne pepper at the retailer level would affect the change in the price of cayenne pepper at the farmer level in East Java Province. But not the other way around. The result indicates that the marketing of cayenne pepper has not been efficient. The results of the market integration analysis is known that the price of cayenne pepper at the level of farmers and retailers in East Java Province has not been integrated. The threshold value of 0.25 percent indicates that if the deviation from the average price of farmer and retailer level on the long-term equilibrium is greater than 25 percent, then the price would adjust to achieve a balance condition so that the price of farmer and retailer level is integrated which occurs in the second iv regime. Meanwhile, if the deviation from the average price of farmers and retailers in the long-term is less than 25 percent, then there would be no price adjustment and not integrated into the one regime. The Error Correction Term (ECT) value in Table 7 shows that the ECT value of cayenne pepper prices at the retailer level is greater than the ECT value of the farmer level. The results showed that the price of retail cayenne pepper increased faster than the price of cayenne pepper at the farmer level. So the price adjustment process done by the retail cayenne pepper price to achieve equilibrium can be said to be inefficient. So it can be concluded that the cayenne pepper market in East Java Province has not been efficient. Therefore, there needs to be an improvement of the market information system so that the marketing of cayenne pepper in East Java can be efficient and improve the welfare of farmers and other market participants evenly.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0421040003 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Ekonomi Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Feb 2022 02:20 |
| Last Modified: | 10 Oct 2024 07:20 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/189513 |
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