Hanim, Faridha and Prof. Dr. Ir. Kliwon Hidayat,, MS and Medea Ramadhani Utomo,, SP., MP (2021) Pengaruh Livelihood Assets Terhadap Strategi dan Resiliensi Nafkah Rumahtangga Petani Pada Era Pandemi di Desa Gubugklakah Kecamatan Poncokusumo Kabupaten Malang. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Perubahan di pedesaan terjadi pada beberapa dekade terkahir, sebagai akibat dari perubahan demografis, perkembangan teknologi komunikasi dan transportasi, termasuk perubahan sosial ekonomi akibat pandemi Covid-19. Beberapa perubahan ini berpotensi menyebabkan berbagai masalah kerentanan (vulnerability) yang menjadi bagian dari risiko bencana (risk hazard) bagi komunitas pedesaan dan/atau pertanian. Kerentanan yang terjadi dapat menimbulkan ketidakpastian (uncertainty) bagi kehidupan masyarakat petani. Di sisi lain, setiap komunitas pedesaan dan/atau pertanian memiliki modal nafkah (livelihood assets) yang terdiri dari modal manusia, alam, finansial, fisik, dan sosial. Penguasaan modal nafkah oleh rumahtangga petani bertujuan untuk merespons beragam kerentanan yang menyebabkan adanya perubahan di pedesaan guna bertahan hidup dan mencapai keberlanjutan nafkah. Oleh karena itu tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Mendeskripsikan penguasaan modal nafkah atau livelihood assets rumahtangga petani Desa Gubugklakah, (2) Mendeskripsikan strategi resiliensi nafkah rumahtangga petani pada era pandemi Covid-19 di Desa Gubugklakah, dan (3) Menganalisis pengaruh modal nafkah atau livelihood assets terhadap strategi resiliensi nafkah rumahtangga petani pada era pandemi Covid-19 di Desa Gubugklakah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian survei. Lokasi penelitian ditentukan secara snegaja, yaitu Desa Gubugklakah atas pertimbangan sebagai desa wisata berbasis pertanian. Populasi dibedakan kedalam dua kelompok (clustrer), yaitu rumahtangga petani terlibat dan tidak terlibat wisata. Teknik penentuan sampel pada masing-masing kelompok dilakukan dengan teknik acak sederhana. Jumlah sampel keseluruhan sebanyak 64 rumahtangga petani. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara semi terstruktur, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan statistic deskriptif dan inferensial, yaitu SEM-PLS dengan perangkat lunak WarpPLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penguasaan modal nafkah (modal alam, fisik, sosial, dan finansial) rumahtangga petani yang terlibat dan tidak terlibat wisata cenderung relatif sama. Modal nafkah rumahtangga petani terlibat dan tidak terlibat wisata berpengaruh secara signifikan dan positif terhadap strategi resiliensi rumahtangga petani. Modal nafkah (modal alam, fisik, sosial, dan finansial) rumahtangga petani terlibat dan tidak terlibat wisata berada pada tingkat penguasaan yang sama. Namun terdapat perbedaan pada modal manusia yang lebih banyak dimanfaatkan oleh rumahtangga petani yang terlibat wisata. Rumahtangga petani tidak terlibat wisata banyak melakukan strategi nafkah pertanian, sedangkan rumahtangga petani terlibat wisata mendiversifi nafkahnya ke sektor non pertanian. Berdasarkan kedua strategi nafkah tersebut, respon terhadap pandemi covid-19 lebih tinggi dilakukan oleh rumahtangga petani tidak terlibat wisata, dengan respon transformatif yaitu menambah relasi atau hubungan sosial untuk mendapatkan nafkah tambahan. Sedangkan rumahtangga petani terlibat wisata cenderung merespon antisipatif seperti penanaman dengan sistem tanam polikultur. Hal ini terjadi karena selama masa pandemi covid-19 aktivitas nafkah sektor pariwisata ditutup sementara. Dengan demikian waktu pemulihan antar rumahtangga petani berbeda-beda, tergantung dengan kemampuan pada masing-masing rumahtangga petani. Modal nafkah (modal fisik, manusia, dan sosial) berpengaruh positif dan secara langsung terhadap strategi nafkah. Modal nafkah berpengaruh positif secara tidak langsung terhadap resiliensi nafkah melalui strategi nafkah, dengan modal fisik sebagai variabel yang dimediasi oleh variabel strategi nafkah. Kemudian strategi nafkah berpengaruh positif secara langsung terhadap resiliensi nafkah. Hasil observasi selama di lapang menghasilkan beberapa hal yang dapat dijadikan saran diantaranya yaitu bagi petani dan Lembaga Desa Wisata untuk mengoptimalkan pemasaran desa wisata melalui platform online dan menjalin relasi dengan banyak agen travel di wilayah Malang Raya. Selain pemasaran yang dioptimalkan, keterampilan non pertanian juga harus dikembangkan kepada seluruh sumber daya manusia yang berada pada kalangan kelompok usia produktif dengan memaksimalkan fungsi alat-alat non pertanian yang menunjang, seperti homestay dan jeep. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya, menjadi bahan untuk dipelajari terkait bagaimana strategi dan resiliensi nafkah rumahtangga petani selama masa pandemi covid-19 yang kemudian dapat digunakan untuk pertimbangan strategi dan resiliensi di masa mendatang
English Abstract
Changes in rural areas have occurred in the last few decades, as a result of demographic changes, developments in communication and transportation technologies, including socio-economic changes due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Some of these changes have the potensial vulnerability problems and been a part of the hazard risk for rural and/or agriculture communities. On the other hand, every rural and/or agricultural communities have livelihood assets consist of human, natural, financial, physical and social capital. The control of livelihood assets by farmers’ household aims to respond the vulnerabilities that due to the changes in rural areas in order to survive and achieve livelihood sustainabilities. Therefore, the objectives of this research are (1) describe the utilization of farmers’ household livelihood assets in Gubugklakah village, (2) describe the resilience strategies by farmers’ household during the Covid-19 pandemic in Gubugklakah village, (3) analyze the influence of livelihood assets on the livelihood resilience strategies by farmers’ household during Covid-19 pandemic in Gubugklakah village. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey research design. The research location was determined purposively, it is Gubugklakah village for the consideration as an agriculture-based tourism village. The population is divided into two groups (clusters), namely involved and uninvolved farmers’ household in the tourism sector. The technique of sample determining in each group was done by a simple random technique. The total sample is 64 farmers’ household. Data was collected by semi-structured interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics, with SEM-PLS using WarpPLS software. The results showed that the mastery of subsistence capital (natural, physical, social, and financial capital) of the involved and uninvolved farmers’ household in tourism sector to be relatively the same. The livelihood assets of the involved and uninvolved farmers’ household in tourism sector has a significant and positive effect on the livelihood strategies and resilience of farmer households. The livelihood assets (natural, physical, social, and financial capital) of involved and uninvolved farmers’ household is at the same level of control. However, there are differences in human capital which is mostly utilized by farming households involved in tourism. Farmers’ household that are not involved in tourism do a lot of farming livelihood strategies, while farm households are involved in tourism to diversify their livelihoods into the non-agricultural sector. Based on the two livelihood strategies, the response to the covid-19 pandemic was higher by uninvolved farmers’ household in tourism sector, with a transformative response, adding social relationships or relationships to earn additional income. Meanwhile the involved farmers’ household in tourism tend to respond anticipatively, such as planting with a polyculture cropping system. This happened because during the COVID-19 pandemic, the tourism sector's livelihood activities were temporarily closed. Thus, the recovery time between farming households varies, depending on the ability of each farming household. Livelihood assets (physical, human, and social capital) has a positive and direct effect on livelihood strategies. Livelihood capital has an indirect positive effect on livelihood resilience through livelihood strategies, with physical capital as a variable mediated by livelihood strategy variables. Then the livelihood strategy has a direct positive effect on livelihood resilience. The results of observations during the field resulted in several things that could be used as suggestions, including for farmers and the Tourism Village Agency, to optimizing tourism village marketing through online platforms and establishing relationships with many travel agents in the Malang area. In addition to optimized marketing, non-agricultural skills must also be developed for all human resources in the productive age group by maximizing the function of supporting non-agricultural tools, such as homestays and jeeps. For further researchers, it can be used as material to research regarding thelivelihood strategies and resilience of farmers’ household during the covid-19 pandemic which can then be used to consider strategies and resilience in the future
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052104 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agribisnis |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Feb 2022 06:43 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Feb 2022 03:43 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/189345 |
![[thumbnail of DALAM MASA EMBARGO]](http://repository.ub.ac.id/style/images/fileicons/text.png) |
Text (DALAM MASA EMBARGO)
175040101111027 - Faridha Hanim.pdf Restricted to Registered users only until 31 December 2023. Download (4MB) |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |