Putri, Saskia Noverina Andika and Dr. Fitria Dina Riana,, SP., MP. and Anisa Aprilia,, SP., MP., M.BA (2021) Maksimalisasi Keuntungan Dengan Kendala Faktor-Faktor Produksi Pada Kedai Kopi BNO. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kedai Kopi BNO merupakan salah satu kedai kopi sederhana di Kota Balikpapan yang baru berdiri pada bulan Oktober 2020. Menu yang paling banyak diminati oleh konsumen Kedai Kopi BNO, yaitu es kopi, es kopi susu, es teh, dan es coklat. Omzet kedai ini sudah mencapai puluhan juta per bulannya dengan presentase pendapatan bersih sebesar 30%. Namun dalam kurun waktu 3 bulan terakhir (Februari-April 2021) omzet mengalami penurunan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) menganalisis keuntungan maksimum yang mampu diperoleh dari hasil analisis linear programming dan (2) menganalisis sensitivitas terhadap perubahan variabel dari hasil analisis linear programming. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metode kuantitatif dan studi deskriptif. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2021. Penentuan lokasi penelitian dilakukan secara purposive di Kedai Kopi BNO yang beralamat di Jl. Mayor Pol. Zainal Arifin (Beler), Kec. Damai, Kel. Balikpapan Kota, Kota Balikpapan, Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penentuan responden dengan teknik purposive sampling dengan metode judgement sampling. Responden dari penelitian ini adalah owner, co-owner, dan karyawan Kedai Kopi BNO. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis data dengan analisis statistik deskriptif. Masalah optimasi akan dipecahkan dengan analisis linear programming dengan metode simpleks dan analisis sensitivitas menggunakan software Microsoft Excel. Fungsi tujuan penelitian ini adalah keuntungan maksimum dengan 4 variabel keputusan. Sedangkan, fungsi kendalanya adalah bahan baku dan jam tenaga kerja. Hasil dari analisis linear programming adalah keuntungan maksimum yang mampu diperoleh Kedai Kopi BNO yaitu sebesar Rp 11.498.448,98 dari total produksi sebanyak 1.937 gelas/bulan. Pemanfaatan faktor produksi bahan baku roasting kopi, air, gula cair, dan jam tenaga kerja sudah optimal berdasarkan hasil optimasi. Sedangkan, hasil dari analisis sensitivitas fungsi tujuan adalah besaran nilai keuntungan keempat jenis minuman hanya dapat dinaikan dalam selang nilai batas minimum dan maksimum agar tidak merubah jumlah produk minuman yang diproduksi, tetapi dapat mengubah nilai awal fungsi tujuan. Pada hasil dari analisis sensitivitas fungsi kendala adalah jika jumlah faktor produksi jenis bahan baku krimer, susu kental manis, simple syrup, susu UHT, coklat krim, cocoa, biang teh, dan es batu dinaikan berapa pun jumlahnya melebihi batas minimum, maka kegiatan produksi masih berjalan pada tingkat optimum yang disarankan. Hasil analisis sensitivitas pada fungsi kendala juga dapat diketahui bahwa jumlah pemanfaatan jam tenaga kerja penting pada kegiatan produksi. Karena memiliki selang nilai batas minimum dan maksimum paling kecil, yaitu sebesar 481. Bahan baku yang memiliki shadow price (nilai tambahan) jika terjadi perubahan setiap 1 unit pada selang nilai tertentu adalah bahan baku roasting kopi, air, dan jam tenaga kerja yaitu masing-masing sebesar Rp 512,25; Rp 30,61; dan Rp 938,78. Pelaku usaha sebaiknya meningkatkan pemasaran produk siap jual ke konsumen dan mengoptimumkan jumlah pemanfaatan faktor produksi yang ada.
English Abstract
Kedai Kopi BNO was one of the coffee shops in Balikpapan City which was established since October 2020. The menus that were most in-demand by consumers of Kedai Kopi BNO were iced coffee, iced coffee with milk, iced tea, and iced chocolate. The income of this shop has reached tens of millions per month with a percentage of net income were 30%. However, in the last 3 months (February-April 2021) their income has decreased. The purpose of this study were (1) to analyzed the maximum profit that could be obtained from the results of linear programming analysis and (2) to analyzed the sensitivity to changes in variables from the results of linear programming analysis. This research used a quantitative method approach and descriptive study. The research was conducted in May 2021. The location of the research was determined purposively at Kedai Kopi BNO, which was located at Jl. Major Pol. Zainal Arifin (Beler), Kec. Damai, Kel. Balikpapan Kota, Balikpapan City, East Kalimantan. This study used the method of determining respondents with purposive sampling technique with judgement sampling method. Respondents for this research were owner, co-owner, and employees of the Kedai Kopi BNO. The data used in this study were primary data and secondary data. This research used a data analysis method with descriptive statistical analysis. The optimization problem will be solved by linear programming analysis using the simplex method and sensitivity analysis using Microsoft Excel software. The objective of this research were maximum profit with 4 decision variables. Meanwhile, the constraints were raw materials and labor hours. The result of linear programming analysis was the maximum profit that could be obtained by Kedai Kopi BNO was Rp 11,498,448.98 from a total production of 1,937 glasses/month. Utilization of production factors for roasted coffee, water, liquid sugar, and labor hours were optimal based on the optimization results. Meanwhile, the result of the sensitivity analysis of the objective function was that the profit value of the four types of drinks could only be increased between the limit intervals value, so it not change the number of beverage products produced, but it could change the initial value of the objective function. The result of the sensitivity analysis of the constraints was that if the number of production factors such as creamer, sweetened condensed milk, simple syrup, UHT milk, chocolate cream, cocoa, prickly tea, and ice cubes were increased regardless of the amount exceeding the minimum limit, then production activities could still running at the recommended optimum level. The results of the sensitivity analysis on the constraints could also be seen that the number of labor hours used was important in production activities. Because it has the smallest limit intervals value, which was 481. Raw materials that have a shadow price (additional value) if there was a change of every 1 unit at a certain value interval were raw materials of roasted coffee, water, and labor hours, which were Rp 512.25; Rp 30.61; and Rp 938.78, respectively. Business actors should increased the marketing of ready-to-sell products to consumers and optimized the utilization of existing production factors.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0521040118 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 03 Feb 2022 01:57 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Feb 2022 04:42 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/189214 |
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