Ramadhani, Mirza and Ir. Effy Yuswita,, M.Si. and Dr. Fitria Dina Riana,, SP., MP. (2021) Analisis Ketahanan Pelaku Usaha Kafe Di Kota Malang Saat Pandemi Covid-19. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Permasalahan saat pandemi dialami di Indonesia oleh semua sektor utamanya dalam hal perekonomian. Masalah tersebut terkait dengan ketidakpastian ekonomi sehingga tingkat investasi melemah karena kondisi perusahaan yang terhambat saat beroperasi karena Covid-19. Masalah yang tidak kalah penting adalah UMKM dan sektor informal sebagai bantalan ekonomi nasional cukup terpukul dengan pembatasan fisik sehingga menghambat aktivitas masyarakat sektor informal. Data terakhir Kementrian Koperasi dan UMKM (2020) pada 2018, usaha UMKM menggambarkan 99,9% usaha yang beroperasi di Indonesia. Adapun permasalahan produktivitas masih menjadi permasalahan utama dari UMKM. Namun dengan kelemahan yang ada, UMKM menunjukkan eksistensinya dalam menghadapi krisis ekonomi yang sempat melanda Indonesia (Purnomo, 2020). Secara alami karakteristik UMKM tidak menghasilkan resiliensi dalam bisnis. Dalam konteks UMKM, pelaku menjadi penggerak jalannya roda bisnis dan cukup dominan, sebagai pengambil keputusan baik formal atau informal. Pemilik usaha menjadi cerminan dari adanya resiliensi bisnis baik dari sikap, perilaku, dan aktivitasnya. Dalam hal ini, salah satu usaha UMKM yang berdampak adalah industri kafe, yang jumlahnya cukup berkembang pesat dengan suasana dan fasilitas yang ditawarkan. Hal ini didukung menurut Soetjipto (2020), pertumbuhan usaha kedai kopi pada akhir 2019 mencapai 15%-20% naik daripada tahun 2018 hanya sebanyak 8%-10%. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis melihat faktor yang berhubungan pada pelaku usaha kafe dalam bertahan dan menyusun strategi dengan pembanding sebelum dan saat pandemi. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di kafe di Kota Malang. Pemilihan lokasi penelitian dilakukan secara purposive. Metode penentuan narasumber yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan teknik non probability sampling dengan metode purposive sampling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 40 pelaku usaha kafe. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner online dan dokumentasi arsip. Untuk metode analisis data menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis kuantitatif berupa analisis persamaan struktural (SEM) menggunakan WarpPLS. Analisis deskriptif statistik digunakan untuk menggambarkan dampak pandemi Covid-19 terhadap tingkat ketahanan pelaku usaha kafe di Kota Malang. Sedangkan analisis kuantitatif berupa analisis model pengukuran SEM yang dibedakan menjadi 2 yakni evaluasi model pengukuran (outer model) dan model struktural (inner model). Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan adalah bahwa entrepreneurial bricolage mempengaruhi kelangsungan hidup wirausaha. Di tengah keterbatasan sumberdaya, utamanya saat pandemi Covid-19 saat ini, entrepreneurial bricolage memungkinkan individu untuk melaksanakan kegiatan wirausaha. Entrepreneurial capabilities juga berpengaruh positif terhadap entrepreneurial resilience. Namun, variabel ini memiliki pengaruh paling lemah dibandingkan variabel lainnya, yakni hanya sebesar 12,8%. Dukungan sosial memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap ketahanan wirausaha, karena adanya dukungan keluarga menjadi elemen penting dalam ketahanan. Kebijakan pemangku kepentingan juga berpengaruh positif terhadap variabel entrepreneurial resilience. Dibandingkan dengan variabel lain, kebijakan pemangku kepentingan dirasakan kurang didapat oleh pelaku usaha kafe dalam situasi Covid-19. Terkait ketahanan sebelum dan saat pandemi, terdapat penurunan pada tingkat ketahanan wirausaha sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19. Saran yang dapat diberikan yaitu perlunya meningkatkan kemampuan dengan cara identifikasi dan membaca perubahan dan efeknya pada bisnis dengan cara membaca data yang relevan seputar bisnis, literasi pada aspek keuangan maupun teknologi serta meningkatkan ketahanan pelaku usaha (entrepreneurial resilience).
English Abstract
Problems during the pandemic were experienced in Indonesia by all sectors, especially in terms of the economy. This problem is related to economic uncertainty so that the level of investment weakens due to the company's conditions being hampered when operating due to Covid-19. The problem that is no less important is that the MSMEs and the informal sector as the support for the national economy have been hit hard enough by physical restrictions that hinder the activities of the informal sector community. The latest data from the Ministry of Cooperatives and MSMEs (2020) in 2018, MSME businesses describe 99.9% of businesses operating in Indonesia. The problem of productivity is still the main problem of MSMEs. However, with the existing weaknesses, MSMEs have shown their existence in the face of the economic crisis that hit Indonesia (Purnomo, 2020). Naturally the characteristics of MSMEs do not produce resilience in business. In the context of MSMEs, actors become the driving force of the business and are quite dominant, as decision makers, both formal and informal. The business owner is a reflection of the existence of business resilience in terms of attitudes, behavior, and activities. In this case, one of the MSME businesses that has an impact is the cafe industry, the number of which is growing quite rapidly with the atmosphere and facilities offered. This is supported by Soetjipto (2020), the growth of the coffee shop business at the end of 2019 reached 15% -20%, up from 2018 which was only 8% -10%. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors related to cafe business actors in surviving and developing strategies with comparisons before and during the pandemic. The location of the research was carried out in a cafe in Malang City. The selection of research locations was carried out purposively. The method of determining the resource persons used in this study is a non-probability sampling technique with a purposive sampling method with a number of respondents as many as 40 cafe business actors. Methods of data collection using online questionnaires and archival documentation. For the data analysis method using descriptive statistical analysis and quantitative analysis in the form of structural equation analysis (SEM) using WarpPLS. Statistical descriptive analysis is used to describe the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the level of resilience of cafe businesses in Malang City. While quantitative analysis is in the form of SEM measurement model analysis which is divided into 2, namely the evaluation of the measurement model (outer model) and structural model (inner model). The result of this research is that entrepreneurial bricolage affects the survival of entrepreneurs. In the midst of limited resources, especially during the current Covid-19 pandemic, entrepreneurial bricolage allows individuals to carry out entrepreneurial activities. Entrepreneurial Capabilities also have a positive effect on entrepreneurial resilience. However, this variable has the weakest effect compared to other variables, which is only 12.8%. Social support has a positive and significant influence on entrepreneurial resilience, because family support is an important element in resilience. Stakeholder policies also have a positive effect on the resilience of cafe entrepreneurs. Compared to other variables, the policy of stakeholders is felt to be lacking by cafe business actors in the Covid-19 situation. Regarding resilience before and during the pandemic, there was a decline in the level of entrepreneurial resilience before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Suggestions that can be given are the need to improve skills by identifying and reading changes and their effects on business by reading relevant data about business, literacy in financial and technological aspects as well as increasing the resilience of business actors (entrepreneurial resilience).
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0521040076 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Jan 2022 02:17 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Feb 2022 02:21 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/189048 |
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