Sultan, Meyke Nadjamuddin (2019) Model Penanganan Kerentanan Intrusi Air Laut Di Kota Makassar Dengan Pendekatan Pemanfaatan Lahan Dan Pola Kemitraan. Doctor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Salah satu masalah umum yang dihadapi kota-kota di wilayah pesisir/pantai termasuk Kota Makassar adalah rentan terhadap intrusi air laut. Proses masuknya air laut mengganti air tawar disebut sebagai intrusi air laut. Tujuan penelitian meliputi; 1) Menganalisis kondisi air tanah dan memetakkan sebaran air asin berdasarkan nilai Daya Hantar Listrik (DHL) di desa nelayan Kelurahan Untia, 2) Menganalisis kerentanan pada wilayah terintrusi air laut di desa nelayan Kelurahan Untia, Kota Makassar serta menganalisis sistem sosio-ekologis, dan 3) Merumuskan model penanganan kerentanan intrusi air laut di Kota Makassar dengan pendekatan pemanfaatan lahan dan pola kemitraan. Dengan tujuan tersebut diharapkan dapat diperoleh kebaruan penelitian (novelty) berupa 3 (tiga) alternatif model kerentanan intrusi air laut, yang mana model diharapkan dapat menjadi solusi intrusi air laut di Kota Makassar dan menjadi model prototype pengelolaan wilayah pesisir secara berkelanjutan, khususnya pada kota-kota besar di Indonesia. Pendekatan penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Jenis data penelitian meliputi; data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dari lapangan (pengukuran dan pengambilan sampel air) serta responden publik dan dan responden pakar. Jumlah sampel untuk kualitas air tanah adalah 20 titik sampling, jumlah responden pakar adalah sebanyak 4 orang. Data sekunder diperoleh dari instansi terkait pemanfaatan air tanah, dan dampak intrusi air laut, meliputi; Pemerintah diwakili dari Bappeda Kota Makassar, akademisi dari perguruan tinggi diwakili dari akademisi Universitas Hasanuddin, pengusahaan atau swasta, masyarakat fasilitator kotaku. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dikategorikan dalam dua faktor yaitu; faktor fisik (lingkungan) dan faktor sosial ekonomi. Faktor fisik meliputi; parameter fisik kualitas air tanah (DHL, pH, salinitas, kesadahan, suhu), dan parameter fisik kerentanan wilayah (bangunan dan kawasan lindung/kawasan strategis. Faktor sosial ekonomi, meliputi 3 (tiga) aspek yaitu: 1) aspek penduduk (pusat kota), 2) aspek pemanfaatan lahan (land use), dan 3) aspek kawasan strategis. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2018 di Kelurahan Untia, Kecamatan Biringkanaya,Kota Makassar. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan meliputi; studi literatur, survey (wawancara dan kuesioner), dan observasi lapangan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan meliputi; 1) Analisis laboratorium 2) Analisis GIS, 3) Analisis deskriptif, 4) Analisis Tingkat Kerentanan (analisis SVI), 5) Analisis Sosi-Ekologis (Model Burkhard dan Spidergram), 6) Analisis prioritas (AHP), dan 7) model simulasi perubahan tutupan lahan (penggunaan lahan). Hasil analisis diperoleh 1) Kualitas air tanah di lokasi studi tergolong kurang baik untuk dikategorikan sebagai air bersih, dengan rata-rata kadar pH air tanah (pH <7,0 dan pH>7,0) atau dikategorikan relatif kurang baik, rata-rata kadar salinitas air tanah dikategorikan brine atau sangat asin, terutama pada wilayah Kelurahan Untia yang xi i berbatasan langsung dengan laut (pantai), serta ata-rata nilai DHL berada diantara 50- 150 μ/cm atau dikategorikan agak payau. 2) Total luas wilayah Kelurahan Untia yang terintrusi air laut dengan kategori sedang dan tinggi seluas 267,0 Ha atau mencapai 89,30% dan selebihnya 9,03% adalah wilayah yang terintrusi sedikit (rendah) dan 5 Ha atau sekitar 1,67% adalah wilayah yang dikategorikan tidak terintrusi. 3) Umumnya wilayah studi dikategorikan rentan dan sangat rentan yakni mencapai 1.295,53 Ha atau sekitar 80,77%. Sedangkan daerah yang dikategorikan rendah/kurang rentan hanya seluas 75,35 Ha atau sekitar 4,70% dan yang dikategorikan sedang adalah seluas 232,64 Ha atau sekitar 14,53%. 4) Permukiman dan industri merupakan komponen sistem sosial yang memiliki hubungan sangat tinggi dengan integritas sistem ekologi, 5) Model perlindungan daerah rawan/rentan (intrusi air laut) berbasis masyarakat dan peningkatan adaptasi merupakan prioritas utama dalam model penanganan kerentanan intrusi air laut di Kota Makassar dengan pendekatan pemanfaatan lahan dan pola kemitraan, dan 6) Model penanganan kerentanan intrusi air laut di Kota Makassar dengan pendekatan pemanfaatan lahan dan pola kemitraan dilakukan dengan pendekatan penanam (penambahan) luasan mangrove. Model penambahan mangrove 20m dinyatakan cukup memberikan signifikansi perubahan tingkat kerentanan intrusi air laut yang terjadi. Penelitian juga menghasilkan beberapa saran antara lain; 1) Melihat rendahnya kualitas air serta tingginya intrusi air laut yang terjadi di lokasi studi dan sekitarnya, maka disarankan untuk melakukan penghentian pengambilan dan pemanfaatan air tanah, 2) Pentingnya melakukan perlindungan daerah rawan/rentan intrusi air laut seperti kegiatan perlindungan kawasan lindung (perlindungan kawasan mangrove, dan kawasan RTH/ruang terbuka hijau), 3) Pentingnya melakukan adaptasi terhadap intrusi air laut berdasarkan jenis pemanfaatan lahannya, antara lain; adaptasi terhadap sumber air perkantoran, industri, permukiman, pertokoan dan fasilitas publik dilakukan dengan penggunaan sumber air lainnya, seperti; PDAM dan atau pemanenan air hujan, adaptasi lahan produktif (pertanian) adalah dengan penggunaan bibit atau varietas padi/tanaman yang tahan terhadap kadar garam tinggi, 4) Pentingnya melakukan pengelolaan sumber air terpadu sedini mungkin untuk melestarikan ekosistem dan perbaikan infrastruktur pendukung seperti; wadah pemanenan air hujan. Adaptasi wilayah dapat dilakukan dengan perluasan area terbuka hijau dan kawasan lindung, serta pembuatan sumur resapan (sumur injeksi) untuk meningkatkan volume (debit air tanah), 5) Beberapa hal dapat dilakukan oleh masyarakat Keluruhan Untia untuk menahan intrusi air laut, antara lain; pengaturan dan penghentian pengambilan air tanah secara massif, penanam pohon, pembuatan sumur resapan dan penggunaan sumber air alternative melalui pemanenan air hujan dan penggunaan air PDAM, 6) Agar masyarakat dapat bertanggung jawab terhadap lingkungan, khususnya terkait dengan dampak intrusi air laut, maka system reward dan punishment harus diterapkan, dimana masyarakat yang mematuhi dan menjaga lingkungan akan mendapat penghargaan sedangkan yang tidak patuh (melanggar) dan menimbulkan kerusakan lingkungan akan diberi sanksi, dan 7) Agar dampak intrusi air laut dapat diminimalisir, maka model penambahan luasan mangrove sebanyak 20 m dari garis pantai atau pinggiran sungai serta penanaman pada areal tambak, penting untuk segera dilakukan dengan pola kemitraan tripartite antara pemerintah sebagai regulator, swasta sebagai penyedia modal atau pendanaan, dan masyarakat sebagai pelaku utama dalam menjaga dan memelihara serta memberikan pengawasan terhadap kawasan mangrove.
English Abstract
One of the common problems faced by cities in coastal / coastal areas including Makassar City is that they are vulnerable to sea water intrusion. The process of entering sea water replacing fresh water is called sea water intrusion. Research objectives include; 1) Analyzing groundwater conditions and mapping the distribution of salt water based on the value of Electric Conductivity (DHL) in the fishing village of Untia Village, 2) Analyzing vulnerability in the sea water intrusion in the fishing village of Untia Village, Makassar City and analyzing the socio-ecological system, and 3) Formulate a model for handling seawater intrusion vulnerability in Makassar City with a land use approach and partnership pattern. With this aim, it is expected that novelty research can be obtained in the form of 3 (three) alternative models of seawater intrusion vulnerability, which models are expected to be a solution for seawater intrusion in Makassar City and become a prototype model of sustainable coastal management, especially in cities big city in Indonesia. The research approach taken is quantitative descriptive research. Types of research data include; primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from the field (water measurement and sampling) as well as public respondents and expert respondents. The number of samples for groundwater quality is 20 sampling points, the number of expert respondents is 4 people. Secondary data obtained from agencies related to groundwater utilization, and the impact of sea water intrusion, including; The government is represented from the Makassar City Bappeda, academics from universities are represented from Hasanuddin University academics, entrepreneurs or private, community facilitators of my city. The variables used in this study are categorized into two factors namely; physical (environmental) and socioeconomic factors. Physical factors include; physical parameters of ground water quality (DHL, pH, salinity, hardness, temperature), and physical parameters of vulnerability of areas (buildings and protected areas / strategic areas. Socio-economic factors, including 3 (three) aspects, namely: 1) aspects of population (city center ), 2) aspects of land use, and 3) aspects of strategic areas. The study was conducted in 2018 in Untia Village, Biringkanaya District, Makassar City. Data collection techniques carried out include; literature study, surveys (interviews and questionnaires), and field observations. Data analysis techniques used include; 1) Laboratory analysis 2) GIS analysis, 3) Descriptive analysis, 4) Vulnerability analysis (SVI analysis), 5) Socio-Ecological Analysis (Burkhard and Spidergram Models), 6) Priority analysis (AHP), and 7) simulation models land cover change (land use). The results of the analysis were obtained 1) The quality of ground water in the study location was not good enough to be categorized as clean water, with an average pH of ground water (pH <7.0 and pH> 7.0) or categorized as relatively poor, average groundwater salinity levels are categorized brine or very salty, especially in the Untia xi v Kelurahan which is directly adjacent to the sea (coast), and the average DHL value is between 50-150 μ / cm or categorized as brackish. 2) The total area of Untia Village which was intrused by sea water in the medium and high category is 267.0 Ha or reaches 89.30% and the remaining 9.03% is the area that is slightly intrused (low) and 5 Ha or around 1.67% is an area that is categorized as not intruded. 3) Generally the study area is categorized as vulnerable and very vulnerable, reaching 1,295.53 hectares or around 80.77%. While areas that are categorized as low / less vulnerable are only 75.35 hectares or around 4.70% and those categorized as medium are 232.64 hectares or around 14.53%. 4) Settlement and industry are components of social systems that have a very high relationship with the integrity of the ecological system, 5) Models of protection of vulnerable / vulnerable areas (sea water intrusion) and community based adaptation improvement are the main priorities in the model of handling sea water intrusion vulnerability in Makassar City using the land use approach and partnership pattern, and 6) Model of handling sea water intrusion vulnerability in Makassar City with the land use approach and partnership pattern carried out with the planter (addition) mangrove area approach. The 20m mangrove addition model is stated to be sufficient to provide a significance change in the level of vulnerability of sea water intrusion that occurs. The research also produced several suggestions, among others; 1) Seeing the low quality of water and the high sea water intrusion that occurred in the study location and its surroundings, it is recommended to stop the extraction and utilization of ground water, 2) The importance of protecting vulnerable areas / prone to sea water intrusion such as protection of protected areas (protection of areas mangroves, and green open space / green open space), 3) The importance of adapting to sea water intrusion based on the type of land use, among others; Adaptation to water sources for offices, industry, settlements, shops and public facilities is carried out with the use of other water sources, such as; PDAM and or rainwater harvesting, adaptation of productive land (agriculture) is the use of seeds or varieties of rice / plants that are resistant to high salt levels, 4) The importance of carrying out integrated water source management as early as possible to preserve ecosystems and improve supporting infrastructure such as; rainwater harvesting container. Area adaptation can be done by expanding green open areas and protected areas, and making infiltration wells (injection wells) to increase volume (groundwater discharge). 5) Several things can be done by Untia's entire community to resist sea water intrusion, among others; regulating and terminating massive groundwater abstraction, tree planting, making infiltration wells and using alternative water sources through rainwater harvesting and using PDAM water, 6) In order for the community to be responsible for the environment, specifically related to the impact of sea water intrusion, the reward system and punishment must be applied, where people who obey and protect the environment will get an award while those who do not comply (violate) and cause environmental damage will be sanctioned, and 7) In order to minimize the impact of sea water intrusion, the model of adding mangrove area as much as 20 m from coastline or river banks and planting in the area of ponds, it is important to immediately do it with a tripartite partnership pattern between the government as a regulator, the private sector as a provider of capital or funding, and the community as the main actors in maintaining and maintaining and providing oversight of mangrove areas.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctor) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | DIS/551.88/SUL/m/2019/062000485 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | INTRUTIONS |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 551 Geology, hydrology, meteorology > 551.8 Structural geology |
| Divisions: | Program Pascasarjana > Doktor Kajian Lingkungan, Program Pascasarjana |
| Depositing User: | Endang Susworini |
| Date Deposited: | 27 Jan 2022 03:48 |
| Last Modified: | 27 Jan 2022 03:48 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/188957 |
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