Sayekti, Panca Ayu and Prof. Dr. Ir. Kuswanto,, MS. (2020) Evaluasi Dan Analisis Kekerabatan Tujuh Galur Harapan Kacang Bambara (Vigna Subterranea (L.) Verdc.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kacang Bambara atau bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) adalah tanaman famili Fabaceae yang berasal dari Nigeria, Afrika Tengah dan sudah banyak tersebar di Indonesia. Kandungan gizi yang tinggi dan sifat tanaman yang toleran membuat tanaman Kacang Bambara dapat berperan penting untuk beradaptasi dengan perubahan iklim global. Permasalahan yang terjadi saat ini adalah produktivitasnya yang rendah. Benih yang digunakan petani merupakan galur lokal yang berasal dari hasil budidaya sebelumnya. Galur yang dievaluasi dalam penelitian ini adalah galur harapan yang berasal dari 30 galur sebelumnya yang telah dievaluasi sifat toleransinya terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Hasil evaluasi tersebut mendapatkan 7 galur harapan yang tahan terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Galur harapan tersebut tersebut perlu dievaluasi keragaman, potensi dan tingkat kekerabatannya untuk mendapatkan galur yang berpotensi menjadi varietas baru. Galur harapan ini dievaluasi dalam kondisi lingkungan yang optimal untuk melihat bagaimana keragaman karakter dan potensinya secara nyata.Penilaian keragaman genetik tanaman perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui proses pemuliaan yang harus dilakukan. Keragaman bahan genetik yang dievaluasi merupakan hal yang perlu diperhatikan untuk menghasilkan varietas baru yang memiliki sifat-sifat unggul. Keragaman genetik yang tinggi dapat mempermudah proses seleksi untuk mendapatkan tanaman yang lebih unggul. Ragam genetik yang besar terjadi apabila galur berkerabat jauh, hal tersebut menjadi dasar perlu dilakukannya analisis kekerabatan untuk mengetahui pengelompokan galur dengan ragam genetik yang besar. Kekerabatan tanaman dapat dinilai berdasarkan morfologi tanaman, khususnya berdasarkan karakter kualitatif tanaman. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada lahan yang terletak di Kecamatan Taman, Kota Madiun, pada daratan dengan ketinggian 63 meter hingga 67 mdpl. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Februari sampai Juli 2020. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah cangkul, cetok, meteran, tali rafia, tugal, label, ember, semprot, penggaris, timbangan, Pantone Colour Chart, alat tulis dan kamera. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah benih Kacang Bambara yang terdiri dari 7 galur, diantaranya adalah CCC 1.6, BBL 1.1, PWBG 6, PWBG 521, TVSU 86, SS 342 dan SS 242. Bahan lain yang digunakan adalah pupuk anorganik yaitu urea, SP36, dan KCl, pestisida berbahan aktif Fipronil 50 g/l, fungisida berbahan aktif mankozeb 80%, jaring buah, kantung plastik. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 7 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Variabel pengamatan meliputi umur perkecambahan, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah cabang, umur berbunga, umur kematangan, jumlah polong per tanaman, jumlah biji per tanaman, berat biji per tanaman, berat 100 biji, berat hasil biji kering, panjang polong, lebar polong, panjang biji, lebar biji, ketebalan biji, tipe pertumbuhan tanaman, pigmentasi hipokotil, pigmentasi bunga, bentuk daun, warna daun, bentuk polong, warna polong, tekstur polong, bentuk biji dan warna biji. Data kualitatif dianalisis menggunakan analisis klaster berdasarkan nilai kemiripan (similirity) menggunakan metode UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Using Arithmetic Average). Dendrogram digambarkan menggunakan program MVSP ( Multi Variate Statistical Program). Data kuantitatif dianalisis mengunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) dengan taraf 5%. Selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan koefisien keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa keragaman genetik tergolong luas dan terdapat beberapa karakter dengan heritabilitas tinggi. Karakter kuantitatif tanaman dengan keragaman yang luas dan nilai heritabilitas yang tinggi adalah pada karakter umur berbunga, umur kematangan, jumlah polong per tanaman, jumlah biji per tanaman, berat biji per tanaman, berat 100 biji, panjang polong, lebar polong, panjang biji, dan lebar biji. Keragaman yang terjadi pada karakter kualitatif disebabkan oleh karakter tipe pertumbuhan, pigmentasi hipokotil, bentuk daun, rambut batang dan tekstur polong. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, galur TVSU 86 memiliki potensi hasil yang tinggi pada karakter jumlah polong dan jumlah biji, serta umur yang relatif genjah. Namun memiliki tipe pertumbuhan yang dapat mengurangi hasil. Sedangkan pada galur SS 342 dan galur SS 242 memiliki potensi yang tinggi berdasarkan karakter ukuran biji dan berat 100 biji. Kekerabatan antar galur menunjukan galur SS 342 memiliki kekerabatan terjauh dengan semua galur dengan koefisien kemiripan genetik sebesar 0,34. Kekerabatan galur terdekat adalah antara galur PWBG 6 dan PWBG 521 dengan koefisien kemiripan genetik 1.
English Abstract
Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) is plant of the Fabaceae family, it is originated from Nigeria, Central Africa and it is spreading in Indonesia. The high nutritional content and tolerant to marginal land make the Bambara groundnut plant an important role in adapting to global climate change. The problem that occurs today is low productivity. The seeds used by farmers are local strains that come from the previous cultivation. The seeds of these local lines needed to be evaluated and selected to get seeds of new varieties. Assessment of plant genetic diversity is necessary to find the breeding process that must be carried out. Analyze genetic diversity be guided by the value of genetic parameters, namely the value of heritability, genetic variability, phenotype variability, and genetic variability coefficient. The lines evaluated in this study were the promising lines from 30 previous lines that had been evaluated for their tolerant characteristics to drought stress. The evaluation results found 7 promising lines that are resistant to drought stress. These promising lines need to be evaluated for their diversity, potential and level of relationship to obtain lines that have the potential to become new varieties. This promising line is evaluated in optimal environmental conditions to see how the diversity of characters and potentials is real. Assessment of plant genetic diversity is necessary to determine the breeding process that must be carried out. The diversity of genetic material being evaluated is something that needs to be considered in order to produce new varieties that have superior characteristics. The high genetic diversity can facilitate the selection process to obtain superior plants. Large genetic variability occurs when the lines are far-relationsip, this becomes the basis for a relationship analysis to determine the grouping of lines with large genetic variance. Plant relationship can be assessed based on plant morphology, especially based on the qualitative character of the plant. The research has been done from February to July 2020, at the land which is placed in Taman District, Madiun City, at an altitude of 63 meters to 67 meters above sea level. The tools used in this study were hoes, shovels, measuring, ropes, tugal, labels, buckets, sprayer, rulers, scales, Pantone Color Chart, stationery and cameras. The materials used in this study were Bambara groundnut seeds consisting of seven lines, including CCC 1.6, BBL 1.1, PWBG 6, PWBG 521, TVSU 86, SS 342 and SS 242. Other materials used were fertilizers namely urea, SP36 and KCl, pesticide with active ingredients Fipronil 50 g/l, fungicide with active ingredients mankozeb 80%, polynet, plastic bag. This study used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with seven treatments and three replications. The observed variables included germination age, plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, flowering age, age of maturity, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, weight of seeds per plant, weight of 100 seeds, yield dry seed, pod length, pod width, seed length, seed width, seed thickness, growth habbit, hypocotyl pigmentation, flower pigmentation, leaf shape, leaf color, pod shape, pod color, pod texture, seed shape and seed color. iv Qualitative data analysis uses cluster analysis based on similarity values using the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Using Arithmetic Average) method. The dendrogram is descripted using the MVSP (Multi Variate Statistics Program) program. Analysis data is using quantitative analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a level of 5%. Furthermore, is calculate the genetic variability coefficient and heritability. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that genetic diversity is broad and there are several characters with high heritability. The quantitative characters of plants with wide diversity and high heritability values were the characters of flowering age, maturity age, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, weight of seeds per plant, weight of 100 seeds, pod length, pod width, seed length, and seed width. The diversity that occurs in qualitative characters is caused by the character of growth type, hypocotyl pigmentation, leaf shape, stem hair and pod texture. The results showed that the TVSU 86 line had a high yield potential on the character of the number of pods and number of seeds, as well as a relatively early age. However it has the type of growth that can reduce yields. Meanwhile, the SS 342 line and the SS 242 line had high potential based on the characteristics of the seed size and weight of 100 seeds. The relationship between the lines showed that the SS 342 line had the furthest relationship with all the lines with a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.34. The closest relationship are between the PWBG 6 and PWBG 521 lines with a genetic similarity coefficient o
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0520040104 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 630 Agriculture and related technologies |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 26 Jan 2022 06:36 |
| Last Modified: | 17 Apr 2023 01:46 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/188890 |
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