Saputra, Rizky Wahyu and M. Arif As’adi,, S.Kel., M.Sc and Dr. Ir. Guntur,, Ms (2021) Literature Review: Status dan Pola Pengelolaan Ekosistem Terumbu Karang di Indonesia. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Di luar kepentingan biologisnya, terumbu karang berperan penting di negara-negara berkembang, terutama pada negara berbentuk kepulauan, karena melindungi garis pantai sekaligus memberikan sumber pendapatan yang signifikan bagi penduduk setempat. Keberadaan ekosistem terumbu karang, di sisi lain, sangat terancam karena semakin tahun semakin rusak, terlihat dari penurunan kualitas bahkan kuantitas terumbu karang. Bahaya alam terhadap kelangsungan hidup karang mencakup berbagai elemen yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh penyebab antropogenik baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Beberapa terumbu karang dalam kondisi yang tidak baik sebagai akibat dari strategi pengelolaan yang tidak efektif. Sangat penting untuk melestarikan ekosistem terumbu karang melalui penerapan strategi pengelolaan ekosistem terumbu karang. Pengelolaan ekosistem terumbu karang berupaya untuk menjaga, melindungi, memulihkan, dan memanfaatkan sumber daya wilayah pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil dengan cara yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pengkajian terhadap kondisi terkini dan pengelolaan terumbu karang di Indonesia, karena ekosistem terumbu karang sedang terancam. Karena kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat tentang terumbu karang dari segi ekologi dan ekonomi, serta kurangnya pengetahuan tentang bagaimana mengelola lingkungan untuk mempertahankan keadaan ekosistem terumbu karang, maka Indonesia dipilih sebagai lokasi untuk studi ini. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab dan akibat kerusakan ekosistem terumbu karang di Indonesia, mengkaji status atau kondisi terumbu karang di Indonesia, dan memperoleh pemahaman tentang pengelolaan ekosistem terumbu karang di Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode review berupa traditional review. Traditional review telah dilakukan dengan cara yang tidak sistematis, di mana data dikumpulkan tetapi tidak ada pendekatan standar teknik sintesis yang wajib untuk diikuti. Total setidaknya 20 artikel jurnal digunakan dalam literature review ini. Digunakan artikel jurnal internasional mencapai 60% dan 40% artikel jurnal nasional. Selain disusun dalam kategori jurnal internasional dan nasional, artikel jurnal yang digunakan untuk menyusun tinjauan pustaka ini diterbitkan selama sepuluh tahun terakhir yaitu dari 2011 hingga 2021. Temuan studi literatur menunjukkan bahwa berbagai variabel, baik alami maupun antropogenik dapat berkontribusi terhadap degradasi terumbu karang. Ada kemungkinan kerusakan terumbu karang dan hilangnya biota laut akibat dari berbagai kejadian yang menyebabkan kerusakan. Pengurangan fungsi terumbu karang Indonesia sedang dialami sebagai akibat dari semakin parahnya kerusakan yang ditopang oleh ekosistem tersebut. Saat ini, 6,56% terumbu karang di laut Indonesia berada pada kategori sangat baik, 22,96% berada pada kategori baik, 34,3% berada pada kategori sedang, dan 36,18% berada pada kategori buruk. Beberapa pola pengelolaan ekosistem terumbu karang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan status kategori terumbu karang, antara lain: kawasan konservasi laut (KKL) atau marine protected area (MPA), berbasis masyarakat (community-based ecotourism), pengelolaan berbasis ketahanan atau resilience-based management (RBM), dan fisheries management
English Abstract
Beyond their biological importance, coral reefs serve a vital role in poor nations, particularly when they are found in the form of islands, because they protect coastlines while also providing a significant source of revenue for local residents. The existence of coral reef ecosystems, on the other hand, is gravely threatened since they are deteriorating year after year, as seen by the reduction in the quality and even the number of coral reefs. Natural hazards to coral survival include a wide range of elements that can be impacted by anthropogenic causes either directly or indirectly. Few coral reefs are in good condition as a result of ineffective management strategies. It is critical to conserve coral reef ecosystems through implementing management strategies for coral reef ecosystems. Reef ecosystem management attempts to maintain, protect, restore and utilise the resources of coastal regions and tiny islands in a way that is environmentally friendly and long-lasting. Since a result, it is required to conduct an assessment of the current condition and management of coral reef management in Indonesia, as coral reef ecosystems are being threatened by both human and natural forces. Due to a lack of community awareness regarding coral reefs from an ecological and economic standpoint, as well as a lack of knowledge about how to manage the environment in order to sustain the state of the coral reef ecosystem, Indonesia was chosen as the location for the project. The purpose of this review is to identify the causes and consequences of damage to coral reef ecosystems in Indonesia, to assess the status or condition of coral reefs in Indonesia, and to gain an understanding of the management of coral reef ecosystems in Indonesia. Throughout this study, the author employs a review procedure that is similar to a standard review. Traditionally, reviews have been conducted in an unsystematic manner, in which data are gathered but no standard approach of synthesising techniques is followed. A total of at least 20 journal articles were considered in this evaluation of the literature. The utilisation of international journal articles accounts for 60 percent of the total, with the remaining 40 percent able to rely on national journal articles. Beyond being organised into worldwide and national categories, the journal articles utilised to construct this literature review were published during the previous ten years, from 2011 to 2021, which means they were published in the last ten years. The findings of the literature study indicate that a variety of variables, both natural and anthropogenic (human-caused), can contribute to the degradation of coral reefs. It is possible that damage to coral reefs and the loss of marine life will result as a result of a variety of events that cause damage. A reduction in function is being experienced by Indonesia's coral reefs as a result of the increasing severity of the damage being sustained by these ecosystems. Currently, 6.56 percent of coral reefs in Indonesian seas are in the very excellent category, 22.96 percent are in the good category, 34.3 percent are in the moderate category, and 36.18 percent are in the bad category, according to the World Conservation Union. Several management patterns of coral reef ecosystems may be used in order to enhance the state of coral reef categories, including: marine protected areas (MPA), community-based ecotourism, resilience-based management (RBM), and fisheries management.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0521080090 |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 551 Geology, hydrology, meteorology > 551.4 Geomorphology and hydrosphere > 551.46 Oceanography and submarine geology |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan > Ilmu Kelautan |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Jan 2022 07:02 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Oct 2024 06:58 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/188562 |
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