Simamora, Daniel Patogu and Lina Asmara Wati,, S.Pi., MP., MBA (2021) Analisis Dinamika dan Daya Saing Ekspor Kepiting Olahan Indonesia Terhadap China di Amerika Serikat Tahun 2010 - 2019. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Pada sektor perikanan kepiting merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan Indonesia yang mempunyai nilai jual yang sangat tinggi. Kepiting berada pada urutan ketiga setelah udang dan tuna-tongkol-cakalang. Kepiting tersebut diekspor dalam 3 bentuk yaitu, kepiting segar (HS 030624), kepiting beku (HS 030614) dan kepiting olahan (HS 160510). Berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), sebanyak 49,44% ekspor produk kepiting Indonesia diimpor oleh pasar Amerika Serikat dan menyumbang devisa sebesar USD 280,82 juta. Diantara ketiga bentuk ekspor komoditas kepiting, produk olahan merupakan produk yang paling mendominasi dibandingkan produk segar dan beku. Akan tetapi terdapat juga banyak tantangan dalam ekspor kepiting olahan ke Amerika Serikat ini. Banyaknya pesaing dan volume ekspor yang fluktuatif yang terjadi pada ekspor kepiting olahan di pasar Amerika Serikat merupakan suatu permasalahan yang berpotensi sebagai ancaman bagi keberlanjutan produksi dan ekspor kepiting olahan Indonesia di pasar Amerika Serikat. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan riset yang lebih mendalam mengenai daya saing untuk produk kepiting olahan Indonesia di pasar Amerika Serikat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja ekspor, daya saing dan dinamika ekspor kepiting olahan Indonesia terhadap China di Amerika Serikat. Jenis data yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini yaitu data sekunder, berupa data deret waktu (time series) dari tahun 2010 hingga 2019. Data diperoleh dari situs UN Comtrade. alat analisis yang digunakan yaitu laju pertumbuhan, Herfindahl Index (HI), Concentration Ratio (CR), Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), dan Dynamic Revealed Comparative Advantage (DRCA). Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh bahwa rata-rata pertumbuhan nilai ekspor kepiting olahan Indonesia di pasar Amerika Serikat dari tahun 2010-2019 adalah sebesar 19,99%, dan rata-rata laju pertumbuhan volume ekspornya sebesar 14,29% dan menguasai pangsa pasar terbesar yaitu sebesar 32,09%. Ditemukan juga bahwa pasar kepiting olahan di Amerika Serikat memiliki struktur pasar monopoli cenderung oligopoli. Komoditi ekspor kepiting olahan Indonesia dan China telah mempunyai daya saing komparatif dan dapat dijadikan sebagai komoditas unggulan di pasar Amerika serikat. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan DRCA, pada periode pertama (2010- 2014) kepiting olahan Indonesia berada di posisi rising star, dan China berada di posisi Lagging opportunity dan periode kedua (2015-2019) kepiting olahan Indonesia berada di posisi Leading retreat dan China berada di posisi Lagging retreat. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan evaluasi maupun inovasi untuk peningkatan ekspor kepiting olahan dan menjadi bahan pertimbangan untuk pembuatan kebijakan maupun keputusan-keputusan yang berkaitan dengan komoditas kepiting olahan. Bagi para pelaku usaha yang ingin ataupun yang sudah bergerak dibidang ekspor perikanan di pasar Amerika Serikat, kepiting dapat menjadi salah satu komoditas pilihan.
English Abstract
In the fishery sector, crab is one of Indonesia's superior commodities which has a very high selling value. Crab is in third place after shrimp and tuna- cob-skipper. The crabs are exported in 3 forms, namely, fresh crabs (HS 030624), frozen crabs (HS 030614) and processed crabs (HS 160510). Based on data from the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), 49.44% of Indonesia's crab product exports are imported by United States and contributed foreign exchange of USD 280.82 million. Among the three forms of export of crab commodities, processed products are the most dominating products compared to fresh and frozen products. However, there are also many challenges in the export of processed crab to the United States. The number of competitors and the fluctuating export volume that occurs in processed crab exports in the United States market is a problem that has the potential as a threat to the sustainability of Indonesian processed crab production and exports in the United States market. Therefore, more in-depth research is needed on the competitiveness of Indonesian processed crab products in the United States market. This study aims to analyze the export performance, competitiveness and dynamics of Indonesian processed crab exports to China in the United States. The type of data that used in this research is secondary data, in the form of time series data start from 2010 until 2019. The data is obtained from the UN Comtrade website. The analytical tools that used are growth rate, Herfindahl Index (HI), Concentration Ratio (CR), Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), and Dynamic Revealed Comparative Advantage (DRCA). Based on research results, it was found that the average growth value of Indonesian processed crab exports in the United States market from 2010-2019 was 19.99%, and the average export volume growth rate was 14.29%, and controlled the largest market share, namely by 32.09%. It was also found that the processed crab market in the United States has a monopoly market structure that tends to be oligopoly. Indonesia's and China’s processed crab export commodity has comparative competitiveness and can be used as a superior commodity in the United States market. Based on the results of the analysis using DRCA, in the first period (2010-2014) Indonesian processed crabs were in the rising star position, and China was in the Lagging opportunity position and the second period (2015-2019) Indonesian processed crabs were in the Leading retreat position and China was in the Lagging retreat position The results of the research are expected to be used as material for evaluation and innovation to increase exports of processed crabs and become a material for consideration for policy making and decisions related to processed crab commodities. For business people who want or are already engaged in fishery exports in the United States market, crabs can be an option
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0521080026 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.3 Other extractive industries > 338.37 Products > 338.372 Products of fishing, whaling, hunting, trapping > 338.372 7 Products of fishing, whaling, hunting, trapping (Fishing) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan > Agrobisnis Perikanan |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Jan 2022 02:26 |
| Last Modified: | 01 Oct 2024 07:07 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/188344 |
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