Konstruksi Sosial Dan Dampak Pandemi Covid- 19 Pada Pelaksanaan Upacara Larung Sesaji Di Pantai Tambakrejo, Kabupaten Blitar, Jawa Timur

Wahyudi, Andini Ayu Dyah and Wahyu Handayani,, S.Pi, MBA, MP (2021) Konstruksi Sosial Dan Dampak Pandemi Covid- 19 Pada Pelaksanaan Upacara Larung Sesaji Di Pantai Tambakrejo, Kabupaten Blitar, Jawa Timur. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Keberagaman etnis, ras, agama, bahasa, dan budaya merupakan beberapa bagian dari kekayaan Negara Indonesia. Budaya bahari merupakan pola pikir atau sudut pandang masyarakat pesisir tentang religi, pandangan hidup, seni, mata pencaharian, organisasi, pengetahuan, dan teknologi. Kebudayaan dan manusia merupakan dua hal yang saling terikat atupun mempengaruhi. Manusia merupakan pendukung dari keberlangsungan dan perkembangan suatu budaya. Masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar pesisir memiliki anggapan bahwa laut merupakan tempat untuk mereka melangsungkan kehidupan, tumbuh dan berkembang. Budaya menjadi latar belakang bagi masyarakat sekitar pesisir untuk menghormati laut. Hal tersebut mereka wujudkan dengan melaksanakan ritual dengan tujuan mengungkapkan rasa syukur atas rezeki yang telah mereka terima. Setahun berlalu Pandemi Covid-19 menguasai sistem kesehatan, perekonomian, dan sosial budaya negara-negara di dunia termasuk Indonesia. Pemerintah Indonesia menerapkan kebijakan untuk menanggulangi dampak Covid-19 dengan cara memberi bantuan ekonomi bagi masyarakat yang terkena dampak, dan kebijakan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) pada setiap daerah. Dampak dari Pandemi Covid-19 bagi kebudayaan bahari yaitu pada pelaksanaan upacara adat seperti labuh laut atau sedekah laut karena pembatasan kegiatan kepada masyarakat akan tidak membuat kerumunan dengan cara menjaga jarak. Kabupaten Blitar memiliki kebudayaan bahari yang masih lestari hingga saat ini berupa larung sesaji. Salah satu larung sesaji yang berada di Kabupaten Blitar yaitu Upacara Larung Sesaji di Pantai Tambakrejo. Keberadaan Upacara Larung Sesaji di Pantai Tambakrejo didukung oleh peran pemerintah setempat dan masyarakat Desa Tambakrejo sehingga masih tetap lestari hingga saat ini. Larung sesaji ini dilakukan sebagai bentuk rasa syukur masyarakat setempat atas hasil bumi serta hasil laut yang diperoleh dan memohon keselamatan dalam bekerja. Penulis tertarik melakukan penelitian terkait Upacara Larung Sesaji di Pantai Tambakrejo karena belum adanya penelitian lebih lanjut terkait kegiatan larung sesaji yang dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat Desa Tambakrejo saat Pandemi Covid-19 dan konstruksi sosial yang terjadi akibat Pelaksanaan Upacara Larung Sesaji. Pelaksanaan penelitian di Pantai Tambakrejo bertujuan untuk melestarikan Upacara Larung Sesaji dan memperkenalkan tradisi turun temurun ini kepada Masyarakat Indonesia terkait kegiatan larung sesaji. Pelaksanaan Upacara Larung Sesaji di Pantai Tambakrejo dilaksanakan untuk melihat perbandingan Upacara sebelum Pandemi Covid-19 dan saat Pandemi Covid-19 serta dampak yang ditimbulkan dari Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap pelaksanaan Larung Sesaji di Pantai Tambakrejo Kabupaten Blitar. Penelitian tentang konstruksi sosial dan dampak Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Pelaksanaan Upacara Larung Sesaji di Pantai Tambakrejo, Kabupaten Blitar merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan sumber data primer dan data sekunder. Narasumber wawancara penelitian adalah Sekretaris Desa Tambakrejo, Sesepuh Desa Tambakrejo, Nelayan Pantai Tambakrejo, Panitia Upacara Larung Sesaji Tahun 2021, Pedagang di sekitar wisata Pantai Tambakrejo, dan Masyarakat Desa Tambakrejo. Teknik pengambilan narasumber yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dan snowball sampling dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Metode analisis data yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman. Data yang sudah terkumpul dihubungkan dengan teori konstruksi sosial yang disampaikan Peter L. Berger dan Thomas Luckmann. Hasil dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan adalah sejarah Upacara Larung Sesaji yang dilaksanakan di Pantai Tambakrejo yaitu mulai dilakukan penempatan Desa Tambakrejo 1831. Tahun 1833 terjadinya Upacara Larung Sesaji pertama yang dilaksanakan oleh Mbah Admawijoyo, Mbah Nursari, dan Mbah Conomo dengan bantuan nelayan, petani, serta Masyarakat Desa Tambakrejo dengan latar belakang ungkapan syukur dan meminta keselamatan dalam melakukan pekerjaan. Upacara Larung sesaji dilaksanakan pada tanggal 1 Suro sesuai dengan kepercayaan Masyarakat Jawa. Manfaat dari Upacara Larung Sesaji di Pantai Tambakrejo yaitu meningkatkan rasa persatuan antar warga, meningkatkan pendapatan Desa Tambakrejo maupun Masyarakat Tambakrejo, dan menjaga kelestarian budaya bahari berupa larung sesaji. Konstruksi Sosial yang terjadi di Desa Tambakrejo karena pelaksanaan larung sesaji meliputi proses eksternalisasi (proses menciptakan Upacara Larung Sesaji oleh Masyarakat Desa Tambakrejo dan proses Pelestarian Upacara Larung Sesaji kepada generasi selanjutnya), proses objektivasi (perilaku yang diperoleh dari kebudayan larung sesaji), dan proses internalisasi (Masyarakat Desa Tambakrejo mempelajari proses pelaksanaan larung sesaji, tujuan Upacara Larung Sesaji dilaksanakan, dan memahami makna-makna yang terkandung dalam Upacara Larung Sesaji). Prosesi Pelaksanaan Upacara Larung Sesaji sebelum Pandemi Covid-19 dan saat Pandemi Covid-19 mengalami beberapa perbedaan. Pelaksaanan Upacara Larung Sesaji dilakukan pada tanggal 1 Suro dan berlangsung selama 2 hari 1 malam. Perbedaan yang terjadi berupa pembatasan Peserta Upacara Larung Sesaji, mengurangi beberapa kegiatan yang menimbulkan kerumunan seperti proses pelarungan yang dimajukan waktunya, tidak adanya penampilan hiburan, serta menerapkan gerakan wajib memakai masker dan mencuci tangan saat mengikuti Upacara Larung Sesaji. Upacara Larung sesaji merupakan adat istiadat yang dilaksanakan secara turun- temurun dan memiliki pengaruh kuat dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat di Desa Tambakrejo. Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Pelaksanaan Upacara Larung Sesaji selain pembatasan jumlah pengunjung, yaitu terjadinya penurunan pendapatan pada sektor wisata Pantai Tambakrejo dan penurunan pendapatan yang dialami oleh masyarakat Desa Tambakrejo yang memiliki warung-warung makan di Pesisir Pantai Tambakrejo

English Abstract

Ethnic, racial, religious, linguistic, and cultural diversity is part of the wealth of Indonesia. Maritime culture is a mindset or point of view of coastal communities about religion, way of life, art, livelihood, organization, knowledge, and technology. Culture and humans are two things that are interrelated or influence each other. Humans are supporters of the continuity and development of a culture. People who live around the coast have the assumption that the sea is a place for them to live, grow and develop. Culture is the background for the people around the coast to respect the sea by carrying out rituals with the aim of expressing gratitude for the sustenance they have received. A year has passed, the Covid-19 pandemic has taken over the health, economic, and socio-cultural systems of countries in the world, including Indonesia. The Indonesian government has implemented policies to cope with the impact of Covid-19 by providing economic assistance for the affected communities, and the policy of Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) in each region. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on maritime culture is the implementation of traditional ceremonies such as sea anchors or sea alms because restrictions on activities for the community will not create crowds by keeping a distance. Blitar Regency has a marine culture that is still sustainable now in the form of larung sesaji. One of the Larung Sesaji in Blitar Regency is the Larung Sesaji Ceremony at Tambakrejo Beach. The existence of Larung Sesaji Ceremony on Tambakrejo Beach is supported by the role of the local government and the people of Tambakrejo Village so that it is still sustainable today. Larung Sesaji Ceremony are made as a form of gratitude for the local community for the crops and marine products obtained and begging for safety at work. The author is interested in conducting research related to Larung Sesaji Ceremony on Tambakrejo Beach because there is no further research related to larung sesaji activities carried out by the people of Tambakrejo Village during the Covid-19 Pandemic and social construction that occurred due to the implementation of Larung Sesaji Ceremony. The implementation of research at Tambakrejo Beach aims to Preserve the Larung Sesaji Ceremony and introduce this hereditary tradition to the Indonesian people regarding the larung sesaji activity. The implementation of the Larung Sesaji Ceremony at Tambakrejo Beach was carried out to see a comparison of the ceremony before the Covid-19 Pandemic and during the Covid-19 Pandemic and the impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the implementation of Larung Sesaji Ceremony at Tambakrejo Beach, Blitar Regency. Research on social construction and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on The Implementation of Larung Sesaji Ceremony at Tambakrejo Beach, Blitar Regency is a qualitative research using primary data sources and secondary data. The interviewees of the research were the secretary of Tambakrejo Village, elders of Tambakrejo Village, fishermen of Tambakkrejo Beach, the committee for the 2021 sesaji, traders around Tambakrejo Beach tourism, and the people of Tambakrejo Village. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling and snowball sampling with data collection techniques used, namely observation, interviews and documentation. The method of data analysis carried out in this study was carried out using the Miles and Huberman model. The data that has been collected is related to the social construction theory presented by Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann. The results of the research that has been carried out are the history of the Larung Sesaji Ceremony carried out on Tambakrejo Beach, namely the placement of Tambakrejo Village in 1831. In 1833 the first larung sesaji were carried out by Mbah Admawijoyo, Mbah Nursari, and Mbah Conomo with the help of fishermen, farmers, and the village community Tambakrejo with a background of expressing gratitude and asking for safety in doing work. Larung Sesaji Ceremony are held on the 1st of Suro in accordance with the beliefs of the Javanese people. The benefits of Larung Sesaji Ceremony at Tambakrejo Beach are increasing the sense of unity among residents, increasing the income of Tambakrejo Village and the Tambakrejo Community, and maintaining the preservation of maritime culture in the form of larung sesaji. Social construction that occurred in Tambakrejo Village due to the implementation of Larung Sesaji Ceremony includes an externalization process (the process of creating Larung Sesaji Ceremony by the people of Tambakrejo Village and the process of preserving Larung Sesaji Ceremony to the next generation), the objectivation process (behavior obtained from the culture of larung sesaji), and the internalization process (the community Tambakrejo Village studied the process of implementing larung sesaji, the purpose of larung sesaji being carried out, and understanding the meanings contained in Larung Sesaji Ceremony). The procession of carrying out the sesaji before the Covid-19 Pandemic and during the Covid-19 Pandemic experienced several differences. The Larung Sesaji Ceremony is carried out on the 1st of Suro and lasts for 2 days and 1 night. The differences that occur are in the form of restrictions on participants of larung sesaji, reducing some activities that cause crowds such as the time-advanced banning process, the absence of entertainment performances, as well as implementing the mandatory movement of wearing masks and washing hands when participating in Larung Sesaji Ceremony. Larung Sesaji Ceremony is a tradition that is carried out from generation to generation and has a strong influence on social life in Tambakrejo Village. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the implementation of the Larung Sesaji Ceremony, in addition to limiting the number of visitors, is a decrease in income in the Tambakrejo Beach tourism sector and a decrease in income experienced by the people of Tambakrejo Village who have food stalls on the coast of Tambakrejo Beach

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0521080013
Subjects:	300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.3 Other extractive industries > 338.37 Products > 338.372 Products of fishing, whaling, hunting, trapping > 338.372 7 Products of fishing, whaling, hunting, trapping (Fishing)
Divisions:	Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan > Sosial Ekonomi Agrobisnis Perikanan
Depositing User:	soegeng sugeng
Date Deposited:	12 Jan 2022 07:11
Last Modified:	23 Feb 2022 03:50
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/188260

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