Valina, Rahmi and Prof. Dr. Ir. Endang Yuli Herawati,, MS and Dr. Ir. Mohammad Mahmudi,, MS (2021) Analisis Status Pencemaran Berdasarkan Kualitas Air dan Kesehatan Ikan Keting (Mystus nigriceps) di Hilir Sungai Gembong, Pasuruan, Jawa Timur. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tingginya aktivitas manusia di sekitar hilir Sungai Gembong dapat menghasilkan limbah berupa bahan organik dan logam berat, sehingga dapat memicu terjadinya pencemaran sungai. Pencemaran sungai dapat dilihat dari kondisi kualitas air dan kesehatan biota yang ada didalamnya terutama ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengkaji status pencemaran yang dilihat dari kualitas air dan kondisi kesehatan ikan keting (Mystus nigriceps) di perairan hilir Sungai Gembong. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April– September 2021. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode survey dengan analisis data secara deskriptif. Penentuan stasiun pengamatan menggunakan metode purposive sampling berdasarkan tata guna lahan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan selama 3 kali pengulangan dengan rentang waktu sebulan sekali. Parameter kualitas air dilihat dari parameter fisika dan kimia, parameter fisika meliputi suhu, arus, kecerahan dan TSS sedangkan parameter kimia meliputi DO, pH, COD, nitrat, ortofosfat, TOM, alkalinitas, dan logam berat Cd. Hasil parameter kualitas air dianalisis menggunakan metode storet untuk melihat status pencemaran di perairan tersebut. Parameter kesehatan ikan dilihat dari profil hematologi dan kerusakan histologi. Parameter hematologi meliputi jumlah eritrosit, leukosit, kadar hemoglobin, dan kelainan mikronuklei. Histologi dilihat dari kerusakan jaringan organ ikan yaitu hati, ginjal dan insang. Kemudian data dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi linear dan korelasi sederhana untuk melihat pengaruh dan hubungan antara kualitas air dan kesehatan ikan. Hasil penelitian kualitas air yaitu suhu berkisar 28,1 – 31,80C, arus berkisar 0,2 – 0,5 m/s, Kecerahan 25,5 – 40,5 cm, TSS berkisar 59,7 – 133,7 mg/l, pH berkisar 7,4 – 8,7, DO berkisar 4,0 – 6,8 mg/l, COD berkisar 22,0 – 32,3 mg/l, nitrat berkisar 0,04 – 0,57 mg/l, ortofosaft berkisar 0,24 – 0,79 mg/l, alkalinitas berkisar 104 – 200 mg/l, TOM berkisar 8,6 – 22,1 mg/l dan Cd berkisar 0,08 – 1,10. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut didapatkan bahwa parameter yang sudah melebihi baku mutu kualitas air kelas III berdasarkan PP Nomor 22 Tahun 2021 yaitu suhu, TSS, alkalinitas, dan Cd. Oleh karena itu, perairan hilir Sungai Gembong tergolong ke dalam kategori perairan tercemar berat. Logam berat Cd pada organ juga sudah melebihi baku mutu yang diperbolehkan berdasarkan SNI 7389:2009. Jumlah rata-rata eritrosit sebesar 920.000–3.023.333 sel/mm3. Jumlah leukosit sebesar 28.350–167.200 sel/mm3. Kadar hemoglobin berkisar 3,7–7,4 g%. Jumlah kelainan mikronuklei sebesar 21- 46 sel/1000. Berdasarkan hasil hematologi ikan sudah mengalami penurunan kesehatan karena berada dalam kondisi yang tidak normal. Total kerusakan pada organ hati, ginjal, dan insang tergolong kedalam kategori rusak sedang. Pada hati persentase kerusakan sebesar 63,6–66,3 %, ginjal sebesar 54,2–58,1 % dan insang sebesar 48,1–71,1 %. Analisis data regresi linear sederhana antara kualitas air dengan hematologi didapatkan hasil bahwa pada eritrosit parameter yang berpengaruh signifikan yakni TSS dan Cd, Leukosit yang berpengaruh signifikan yaitu suhu, TSS, alkalinitas, dan Cd, hemoglobin dan mikronuklei yang berpengaruh signifikan yaitu TSS, alkalinitas dan Cd. Sedangkan analisis regresi antara Cd di organ dengan histologi organ menunjukkan hasil adanya pengaruh antara kadar Cd di organ terhadap kerusakan histologi. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu status pencemaran berdasarkan kualitas air di hilir Sungai Gembong, Pasuruan tergolong ke dalam kategori tercemar berat dengan parameter yang melebihi baku mutu yakni suhu, TSS, alkalinitas dan logam berat Cd. Status kesehatan ikan keting (Mystus nigriceps) di hilir Sungai Gembong sudah mengalami penurunan kesehatan. Sedangkan analisis regresi antara kualitas air yang melebihi baku mutu dengan kesehatan ikan memiliki korelasi yang signifikan. Saran yang perlu diberikan pada penelitian ini yaitu dihimbau kepada masyarakat, industri dan pemerintah setempat untuk untuk lebih memperhatikan dalam mengelola limbah yang akan dibuang ke perairan tersebut. Selain itu, masyarakat perlu lebih hati-hati untuk mengkonsumsi ikan keting yang ditangkap dari Sungai Gembong karena ikan sudah terakumulasi Cd yang tinggi. Lebih disarankan untuk mengkonsumsi ikan keting yang dibudidayakan.
English Abstract
The high level of human activity around the downstream of the Gembong River can produce waste in the form of organic materials and heavy metals, so that it can trigger river pollution. River pollution can be seen from the condition of water quality and the health of the biota in it, especially fish. This study aims to analyze and assess the status of pollution as seen from the water quality and health condition of the keting fish ( Mystus nigriceps ) in the lower waters of the Gembong River. The research was conducted in April–September 2021. The method used was a survey method with descriptive data analysis. Determination of observation stations using purposive sampling method based on land use. Sampling was carried out for 3 repetitions with a span of once a month. Water quality parameters are seen from physical and chemical parameters, physical parameters include temperature, current, brightness and TSS while chemical parameters include DO, pH, COD, nitrate, orthophosphate, TOM, alkalinity, and heavy metal Cd. The results of water quality parameters were analyzed using the storet method to see the status of pollution in these waters. Fish health parameters were seen from the hematological profile and histological damage. Hematological parameters include the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin levels, and micronuclei abnormalities. Histology was seen from the damage to the fish organ tissue, namely the liver, kidneys and gills. Then the data were analyzed using linear regression analysis and simple correlation to see the effect and relationship between water quality and fish health. The results of water quality research are temperatures ranging from 28.1 – 31.8 0 C, currents ranging from 0.2 – 0.5 m/s, Brightness 25.5 – 40.5 cm, TSS ranging from 59.7 – 133.7 mg /l, pH ranged from 7.4 to 8.7, DO ranged from 4.0 to 6.8 mg/l, COD ranged from 22.0 to 32.3 mg/l, nitrate ranged from 0.04 to 0.57 mg/l l, orthophosphate ranged from 0.24 to 0.79 mg/l, alkalinity ranged from 104 to 200 mg/l, TOM ranged from 8.6 to 22.1 mg/l and Cd ranged from 0.08 to 1.10. Based on these results, it was found that the parameters that had exceeded the class III water quality standards based on PP No. 22 of 2021 were temperature, TSS, alkalinity, and Cd. Therefore, the downstream waters of the Gembong River belong to the category of heavily polluted waters. The heavy metal Cd in organs has also exceeded the permitted quality standard based on SNI 7389:2009. The average number of erythrocytes was 920,000–3,023,333 cells/mm 3 . The leukocyte count was 28,350–167,200 cells/mm 3 . Hemoglobin levels ranged from 3.7–7.4 g%. The number of micronuclei abnormalities was 21- 46 cells/1000. Based on the results of the hematology of the fish has experienced a decline in health because it is in an abnormal condition. The total damage to the liver, kidneys, and gills was classified into the moderately damaged category. In the liver the percentage of damage was 63.6–66.3%, the kidneys were 54.2–58.1% and the gills were 48.1–71.1%. Simple linear regression data analysis between water quality and hematology showed that on erythrocytes the parameters that had a significant effect were TSS and Cd, Leukocytes which had a significant effect were temperature, TSS, alkalinity, and Cd, hemoglobin and micronuclei which had a significant effect, namely TSS, alkalinity and Cd. . While the regression analysis between Cd in organs and histology of organs showed that there was an influence between levels of Cd in organs on histological damage. The conclusion of this study is that the status of pollution based on water quality downstream of the Gembong River, Pasuruan belongs to the category of heavily polluted with parameters that exceed the quality standards, namely temperature, TSS, alkalinity and heavy metal Cd. The health status of keting fish ( Mystus nigriceps ) in the lower reaches of the Gembong River has experienced a decline in health. While the regression analysis between water quality that exceeds the quality standard with fish health has a significant correlation. Suggestions that need to be given in this study are to encourage the community, industry and local government to pay more attention to managing the waste that will be discharged into these waters. In addition, the public needs to be more careful in consuming the keting fish caught from the Gembong River because the fish has accumulated high Cd. It is more advisable to consume cultured.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0421080010 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 639 Hunting, fishing & conservation > 639.3 Culture of cold-blooded vertebrates |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan |
| Depositing User: | Sugeng Moelyono |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Jan 2022 02:20 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Sep 2024 02:13 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/188198 |
![[thumbnail of Rahmi Valina.pdf]](http://repository.ub.ac.id/style/images/fileicons/text.png) |
Text
Rahmi Valina.pdf Download (4MB) |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |