Hidayati, Zaris Laili and Sujendro,, Ajeng Wulan and A.S. Dwi Saptati Nur Hidayat, ST., MT. and r. Bambang Ismuyanto, MS. (2021) Adsorpsi Cr (VI) Menggunakan Karbon Aktif Limbah Ampas Kopi Diaktivasi HCl Dengan Variasi Temperatur Adsorpsi dan Massa Adsorben. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
ndustri elektroplating merupakan industri pelapisan logam yang menghasilkan limbah cair dengan kandungan logam kromium lebih besar dibanding logam lainnya. Hal ini dikarenakan bahan baku yang sering digunakan dalam pelapisan adalah logam kromium. Kromium dalam bentuk heksavalen [Cr (VI)] merupakan bahan kimia yang bersifat persisten, bioakumulatif serta tidak mampu terurai dengan sendirinya di lingkungan sehingga dapat terakumulasi dalam tubuh manusia melalui rantai makanan. Penelitian mengenai penggunaan limbah ampas kopi sebagai adsorben telah banyak dilakukan untuk pemenuhan baku mutu air limbah industri pelapisan logam pada parameter kadar Cr (VI). Karbon aktif dari limbah ampas kopi dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai salah satu adsorben karena memiliki kandungan karbon yang tinggi serta mudah diperoleh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh variasi temperatur adsorpsi dan massa adsorben terhadap penyisihan Cr (VI) menggunakan karbon aktif ampas kopi diaktivasi HCl. Pembuatan karbon aktif ampas kopi melalui tiga tahapan diantaranya dehidrasi/pengeringan, karbonisasi dan aktivasi menggunakan HCl 0,1 M. Karbon dan karbon aktif kemudian dilakukan karakterisasi melalui uji berdasarkan SNI 06-3730-1995 tentang arang aktif, analisa luas permukaan dengan uji daya serap methylene blue, FTIR dan XRF. Selanjutnya proses adsorpsi dilakukan secara batch dengan variasi massa karbon aktif 0,1 gram, 0,5 gram, 1 gram, 1,5 gram dan 2 gram; serta temperatur adsorpsi menggunakan temperatur ruang dan 40 oC. Setelah proses adsorpsi, dilakukan analisa konsentrasi Cr (VI) dengan menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Karakterisasi karbon aktif berdasarkan SNI 06-3730-1995 menghasilkan kadar air sebesar 4,820%, kadar abu sebesar 6,823%, kadar bahan yang hilang pada pemanasan 950°C sebesar 35,730% dan kadar karbon murni sebesar 57,447%. Dari hasil karakterisasi tersebut karbon aktif hanya memenuhi beberapa parameter baku yaitu kadar air dan kadar abu. Hasil analisa luas permukaan dengan uji daya serap terhadap methylene blue didapatkan luas permukaan karbon sebesar 402,98 m2/g dan karbon aktif sebesar 609,41 m2/g. Sedangkan karakterisasi FTIR menunjukkan bahwa karbon dan karbon aktif memiliki gugus fungsi yang sama beberapa diantaranya asam karboksil (-COOH), alkohol/fenol (O-H) dan amina (N-H) yang berpengaruh terhadap proses adsorpsi. Proses adsorpsi Cr (VI) menggunakan karbon aktif ampas kopi pada temperatur ruang dan temperatur 40 oC didapatkan penyisihan terbaik pada massa adsorben 2 gram masing-masing sebesar 89,60% dan 99,95%. Penggunaan massa adsorben 2 gram dan temperatur 40 oC pada adsorpsi Cr (VI) selama 40 menit dengan konsentrasi awal 20 ppm dapat memenuhi baku mutu berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri LH RI No. 5 Tahun 2014 Tentang Baku Mutu Air Limbah Bagi Usaha dan/atau Kegiatan Industri Pelapisan Logam dan Galvanis sebesar 0,1 mg/L.
English Abstract
The electroplating industry is a metal-electroplating industry that generates liquid waste that has a higher chromium content than other metals. It is because the raw material which is often used in plating is chromium metal. Chromium in the hexavalent form [Cr (VI)] is a chemical that is persistent, bioaccumulative, and unable to decompose by itself in the environment so that it can accumulate in the human body through the food chain. Research on the use of coffee grounds waste as an adsorbent has been carried out to meet the quality standards of the electroplating wastewater on the Cr (VI) level parameter. Activated carbon from coffee grounds waste can be used as an adsorbent because it has a high carbon content and is easy to obtain. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of variations in adsorption temperature and adsorbent mass on Cr (VI) removal using coffee- grounds-activated-carbon that has been activated by HCl. The process of making coffee-grounds-activated-carbon in three steps, including dehydration/drying, carbonization and activation using 0,1 M HCl. Carbon and activated carbon are further characterized through tests based on SNI 06-3730-1995 on activated charcoal, surface area analysis with absorption test of methylene blue, FTIR and XRF. Furthermore, the adsorption process is carried out in batch with mass variations of activated carbon 0,1 gram, 0,5 gram, 1 gram, 1,5 gram and 2 gram; and the adsorption temperature using room temperature and 40oC. After the adsorption process, analysis of the Cr (VI) concentration was analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Characterization of activated carbon-based on SNI 06-3730-1995 resulted in water content of 4,820%, an ash content of 6,823%, a content of volatile substances of 35,730%, and a pure carbon content of 57,447%. From the results of the characterization, activated carbon only fulfills several standard parameters, moisture content, and ash content. The results of surface area analysis with the absorption test of methylene blue obtained a surface area of carbon of 402,98 m2/g and activated carbon of 609,41 m2/g. Meanwhile, FTIR characterization shows that carbon and activated carbon have the same functional groups, including carboxyl acid (-COOH), alcohol/phenol (O-H), and amines (N-H) which affect the adsorption process. The adsorption process of Cr (VI) using coffee grounds activated carbon at room temperature and temperature of 40oC obtained the best percentage of removal at the 2 gram adsorbent mass of 89,60% and 99,95%, respectively. The use of 2 grams of adsorbent mass and temperature of 40oC in the adsorption of Cr (VI) in 40 minutes with an initial concentration of 20 ppm can meet the quality standards based on the Regulation of the Minister of The Environment Republic of Indonesia No. 5 of 2014 concerning Wastewater Quality Standards for Metal and Galvanized Coating Industry Businesses and/or Activities of 0,1 mg/L.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0521070195 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Kata kunci: adsorpsi, ampas kopi, karbon aktif, kromium heksavalen |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 660 Chemical engineering and related technologies |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknik > Teknik Kimia |
| Depositing User: | yulia Chasanah |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Dec 2021 05:19 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Oct 2024 03:06 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/186913 |
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