Riyadi, Farid Mukhtar and Prof. Dr. Ir. Arief Prajitno,, MS. and Dr. Ir. Mohamad Fadjar,, M.Sc. (2021) Efektivitas Penggunaan Ekstrak Daun Tanaman Kelor Terhadap Profil Hematologi Dan Histopatologi Insang Ikan Gurami (Osphronemus goramy) Yang Diinfeksi Bakteri Edwardsiella tarda. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Bahan alami sendiri digunakan untuk berbagai macam penyakit, yang berfungsi sebagai anti bakteri dan imunostimulan. Salah satunya yaitu daun kelor (M. oliefera). Daun kelor (M. oliefera) memiliki berbagai macam kandungan aktif, seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, fenol yang juga dapat menghambat aktivitas bakteri dan juga berkhasiat sebagai anti kanker, hipotensif, penghambat aktivitas bakteri dan jamur. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2020-Maret 2021 di Laboratorium Budidaya Ikan Divisi Penyakit dan Kesehatan Ikan, Laboratorium Eksplorasi Sumberdaya Perikanan dan Kelautan Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Brawijaya Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dan terbagi menjadi 2 tahapan. Penelitian tahap pertama meliputi ekstraksi dan karakterisasi senyawa antibakteri pada daun M. oliefera (uji fitokimia, FTIR dan UV-Vis), uji aktivitas antibakteri E. tarda meliputi uji cakram, uji MIC dan uji SEM. Sedangkan pada penelitian tahap kedua, meliputi pengaplikasian ekstrak daun kelor M. oliefera yang bersifat antibakteri pada ikan gurami yang diinfeksi E. tarda pada skala laboratorium (uji patogenitas, uji toksisitas ekstrak, pengamatan hematologi yang terdiri dari eritrosit, leukosit, differensial leukosit, hematokrit, hemoglobin, pengamatan histopatologi ginjal, pengamatan gejala klinis, kelulushidupan, dan kualitas air). Analisis data pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) menggunakan aplikasi software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 25.0 for Windows. Hasil penelitian tahap 1 melalui uji fitokimia, UV-Vis dan FTIR menunjukan bahwa ekstrak kasar daun kelor (M. oliefera) didominasi oleh senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid dan saponin. Hasil uji MIC didapatkan 100 mg/L merupakan konsentrasi minimal untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri E. tarda dikarenakan nilai absorbansinya mendekati Kontrol Negatif. Hasil uji cakram tertinggi sebesar 7,23 mm pada dosis 375 mg/L. Hasil penelitian tahap 2 melalui uji toksisitas bahan (LC50) menunjukkan ekstrak kasar daun kelor (M. oliefera) tidak toksik bagi ikan. Uji patogenitas (LD50) bakteri E. tarda didapatkan kepadatan 2,53 x 107 sel/ml untuk infeksi pada uji in vivo. Pemberian ekstrak kasar daun kelor (M. oliefera) berpengaruh siginifikan terhadap profil hematologi (eritrosit 3,2x106 sel/mm3, hematokrit 32%, hemoglobin 4,69 g%, leukosit 9,6x104 sel/mm3, limfosit 64,4%, monosit 11,1%, dan neutrofil 12,5%) dan histopatologi (Edema 0,87, Fusi 0,87 dan Nekrosis 0,86) ikan gurami (O. gouramy) yang diinfeksi bakteri E. tarda dengan perlakuan ekstrak terbaik pada konsentrasi 425 mg/L. Kelulushidupan ikan gurami (O.gouramy) terbaik 83,33%. Hasil pengamatan kualitas air selama penelitian didapatkan kisaran suhu 21,5-25oC, pH 7-7,5 dan oksigen terlarut 6-7,5 mg/L. kisaran tersebut masih dikatakan normal bagi pertumbuhan ikan gurami (O.gouramy).
English Abstract
Natural ingredients themselves are used for various diseases, which function as anti-bacterial and immunostimulants. One of them is Moringa leaves (M. oilefera). Moringa leaves (M. oliefera) have various active ingredients, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols which can also inhibit bacterial activity and are also efficacious as anti-cancer, hypotensive, inhibiting bacterial and fungal activity. This research was conducted in November 2020-March 2021 at the Fish Cultivation Laboratory, Fish Disease and Health Division, Fisheries and Marine Resources Exploration Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya Malang. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) and was divided into 2 stages. The first phase of the research included the extraction and characterization of antibacterial compounds on M. oliefera leaves (phytochemical test, FTIR and UV-Vis), the antibacterial activity test of E. tarda included disc test, MIC test and SEM test. Meanwhile, in the second stage of research, it included the application of antibacterial M. oliefera Moringa leaf extract on gouramy infected with E. tarda on a laboratory scale (pathogenicity test, extract toxicity test, hematological observation consisting of erythrocytes, leukocytes, differential leukocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, renal histopathology observation, clinical symptom observation, survival rate, and water quality). Data analysis in this study will be carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 25.0 for Windows software application. The results of the first phase of the study through phytochemical tests, UVVis and FTIR showed that the crude extract of Moringa leaves (M. oliefera) was dominated by alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and saponins. MIC test results obtained 100 mg/L is the minimum concentration to inhibit the growth of E. tarda bacteria because the absorbance value is close to the Negative Control. The highest disc test result was 7.23 mm at a dose of 375 mg/L. The results of the second stage of the study through the material toxicity test (LC50) showed that the crude extract of Moringa leaves (M. oliefera) was not toxic to fish. The pathogenicity test (LD50) of E. tarda bacteria obtained a density of 2.53 x 107 cells/ml for infection in in vivo tests. Moringa leaf crude extract (M. oliefera) had a significant effect on the hematological profile (erythrocytes 3.2x106 cells/mm3, hematocrit 32%, hemoglobin 4.69 g%, leukocytes 9.6x104 cells/mm3, lymphocytes 64.4%, monocytes 11.1%, and neutrophils 12.5%) and histopathology (Edema 0.87, Fusion 0.87 and Necrosis 0.86) gouramy (O. gouramy) infected with E. tarda bacteria with the best extract treatment at a concentration of 425 mg/L. The best gouramy (O.gouramy) survival rate was 83.33%. The results of observations of water quality during the study obtained a temperature range of 21.5-25oC, pH 7-7.5 and dissolved oxygen 6-7.5 mg/L. this range is still said to be normal for the growth of gouramy (O.gouramy).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 042108 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 639 Hunting, fishing & conservation > 639.3 Culture of cold-blooded vertebrates |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 30 Nov 2021 07:27 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Feb 2022 04:17 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/186873 |
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