SULUNG SUKMA DEWI, ADI (2021) Analisis Asimetri Informasi (Principal-Agent) pada Sektor Perikanan Tangkap Pancing Tonda di PPN Prigi, Watulimo, Trenggalek. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Perikanan tangkap memiliki peran penting dan strategis di Indonesia, setidaknya dapat dilihat dari tiga peran, yaitu sumber pertumbuhan ekonomi, sumber pangan khususnya protein hewani, dan penyedia lapangan kerja. Potensi perikanan tangkap di PPN Prigi cukup besar dimana mayoritas sumberdayanya dimanfaatkan nelayan salah satunya yaitu nelayan pancing tonda sebagai pelaku usaha yang terdiri dari nelayan pemilik kapal, ABK, dan tengkulak memiliki keterikatan atau hubungan satu sama lain salah satunya yaitu antara pemilik kapal dan tengkulak. Hubungan tersebut kedua pihak memiliki kesepakatan (kontrak) terkait dengan hasil penangkapan ikan, namun kontrak tersebut merugikan salah satu pihak karena adanya ketidakseimbangan informasi. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan riset ini dengan tujuan mengetahui hubungan (Principal-Agent), mengidentifikasi aliran informasi serta menganalisis asimetri informasi dalam pelaku usaha perikanan tangkap pancing tonda di PPN Prigi supaya nantinya dapat dijadikan bahan informasi sebagai perkembangan pengetahuan dalam bidang industri perikanan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara (PPN) Prigi yang berlokasi di Desa Tasikmadu, Kecamatan Watulimo, Kabupaten Trenggalek, Jawa Timur. Lokasi penelitian ini dipilih dengan alasan PPN Prigi merupakan salah satu pelabuhan perikanan yang memiliki potensi perikanan tangkap terbesar di Jawa Timur dengan pemanfaatan sektor perikanan tangkap oleh nelayan skala kecil. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, tipe deskriptif. Dalam penelitian ini jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus, yang mendeskripsikan proses-proses perilaku nelayan skala kecil di PPN Prigi atas proses transaksi hasil penangkapan ikan. Sampel pada penelitian kualitatif dinamakan sebagai informan. Teknik penentuan sampel meggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan snowball sampling. Data diperoleh melalui obeservasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Adapun metode analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis Miles dan Huberman. Aktivitas analisis data meliputi pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Gambaran aktivitas nelayan di PPN Prigi terutama nelayan pancing tonda yaitu pergi melaut. Nelayan pergi melaut selama kurang lebih 5 – 7 hari. Sebelum pergi melaut nelayan terlebih dahulu melakukan persiapan seperti membeli bahan bakar berupa solar, membeli bahan makanan, mengurus surat izin melaut yang dikeluarkan oleh POLAIRUD (Polisi Air dan Udara) dan memeriksa kondisi kapal, alat tangkap seperti jaring dan pancing. Kemudian berangkat melaut pada pagi hari sekitar pukul 08.00 WIB. Sesampainya di lokasi penangkapan ikan, nelayan menangkap ikan menggunakan dua jenis alat tangkap yaitu pancing dan jaring. Ketika dirasa sudah cukup mendapatkan ikan, nelayan kembali ke darat. Secara umum, pelaku usaha perikanan tangkap di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara (PPN) Prigi terdiri atas empat kelompok, diantaranya tengkulak,ix nelayan, kuli, dan pedagang pengecer, dimana keempat kelompok tersebut mempunyai keterikatan satu sama lain dalam aktivitas perikanan di PPN Prigi yang selanjutnya membentuk hubungan principal – agent antar pelaku ekonomi di sektor perikanan tersebut. Berdasarkan teori principal – agent, sesuai dengan data yang ada di lapangan, di PPN Prigi terdapat beberapa pelaku usaha yang membentuk hubungan principal – agent diantaranya tengkulak (principal) dengan pemilik kapal (agent) dan pemilik kapal (principal) dengan juragan laut, ABK, penguras (agent). Kondisi di atas berhubungan dengan perilaku komunikasi pemilik kapal (nelayan) di PPN Prigi. Komunikasi yang terjadi antara tengkulak dengan pemilik kapal bersifat satu arah, hal ini terlihat dari aliran informasi yang terkait pengambilan keputusan harga didominasi oleh tengkulak, sehingga pemilik kapal hanya langsung menerima harga yang diberikan oleh tengkulak dan kemudian harga akhir disampaikan ke juragan laut, ABK, dan penguras. Asimetri informasi yang terjadi pada pelaku usaha perikanan tangkap di PPN Prigi terdiri dari 3 model, diantaranya adverse selection, signaling, dan moral hazard. Saran yang dapat penulis berikan yaitu: (1) Bagi akademisi, sebagai bahan pembelajaran dan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai asimetri informasi dalam lingkup perikanan khususnya di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara (PPN) Prigi terutama terkait dengan pemberian selisih harga antara tengkulak dengan nelayan, (2) Bagi pelaku usaha, perlunya membentuk dan membangun lembaga keuangan informal yang ramah bagi nelayan dengan mengoptimalkan peran modal sosial, sehingga nantinya dapat mengurangi ketergantungan nelayan kepada tengkulak serta akan memberikan kemandirian dan kesejahteran bagi para nelayan, (3) Pemerintah, Sebagai bahan informasi dan evaluasi dalam pengambilan keputusan dan pembuatan kebijakan terkait penyediaan modal bagi nelayan untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan para nelayan khususnya di lingkup perikanan tangkap.
English Abstract
Capture fisheries have an important and strategic role in Indonesia, which can be seen from at least three roles, namely a source of economic growth, a source of food, especially animal protein, and a provider of employment. The potential for capture fisheries in PPN Prigi is quite large where the majority of its resources are utilized by fishermen, one of which is the trolling line fisherman as business actors consisting of fishermen who own boats, crew members, and middlemen who have an attachment or relationship with each other, one of which is between ship owners and middlemen. In this relationship, both parties have an agreement (contract) related to fishing results, but the contract is detrimental to one of the parties due to an imbalance of information. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out this research to know the relationship (Principal-Agent), identifying the flow of information and analyzing information asymmetry in the trolling fishing business at Prigi PPN so that later it can be used as information material for the development of knowledge in the fishing industry. Research is conducted at the Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara (PPN) Prigi which is located in the village of Tasikmadu, District of Watulimo, Trenggalek Regency, East Java. The location of this research was chosen because PPN Prigi is one of the fishing ports that has the largest capture fishery potential in East Java with the utilization of the capture fisheries sector by small-scale fishermen. Research is using the approach qualitative, type descriptive. A study of this type of research that is used is the study of the case, which describes the processes of the behavior of fishermen small-scale on the transaction proceeds catching fish. Samples in research qualitative named informants. Mechanical determination of sample receipts technique purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Data was obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The data analysis method in this study uses the Miles and Huberman analysis technique. Data analysis activities include data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and concluding Overview of the activities of fishermen in PPN Prigi mainly fishermen fishing trolling the goes to sea. Fishermen go to sea for less than 5 – 7 days. Before going to sea fishing first advance do preparations such as buying materials fuels such as diesel fuel, purchased material food, take care of mailing permit fishing are issued by POLAIRUD (Police Water and Air) and check the condition of the vessel, a tool to catch as nets and fishing rods. Then set out to sea in the early days around at 08.00 am. Arriving at the location catching fish, fishermen catch fish using two types of tools fishing is fishing rods and nets. When deemed already enough to get the fish, the fishermen returned to shore. In general, the perpetrators attempt fishery catch in the PPN Prigi consist of four groups, including middlemen, fishermen, porters, and merchant retailers, where the four groups that have attachments of each other in the activities of fisheries in PPN Prigi who subsequently formed a relationship principal – agent between actors economy in the sector of fisheries that. Based on the theory of Principal – Agent, by the data that exist in the field, in the PPN prigi some actorsxi businesses that establish a relationship principal – agent include middlemen (principal) with the owner of the ship (agent) and owner of the vessels (principal) with skipper sea, ABK, drain (agent). Conditions at the top of dealing with the behavior of communication owner of the ship (fishing) in PPN Prigi. Communication that occurs between the middleman with the owner of the ship is one way, respect is seen from the flow of information that is related to decisionmaking prices dominated by middlemen, so the owner of the vessel only directly accept the price that was given by middlemen and then the price of the end delivered to skipper the sea, ABK, crew, and drain. The asymmetry of information the occurs on the perpetrators attempt fishery catch in PPN Prigi consist of 3 models, including adverse selection, signaling, and moral hazard. Suggestions that the authors can give are: (1) For academics, as learning material and further research on information asymmetry in the scope of fisheries, especially in the PPN especially related to providing price differences between middlemen and fishermen, (2) For business actors, the need to establish and build informal financial institutions that are friendly to fishermen by optimizing the role of social capital, so that later it can reduce fishermen's dependence on middlemen and will provide independence and welfare for fishermen, (3) the government, as information and evaluation material in decision making decisions and policymaking related to the provision of capital for fishermen to realize the welfare of fishermen, especially in the capture fisheries.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 338.372 7 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.3 Other extractive industries > 338.37 Products > 338.372 Products of fishing, whaling, hunting, trapping > 338.372 7 Products of fishing, whaling, hunting, trapping (Fishing) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan > Agrobisnis Perikanan |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with email gaby |
| Date Deposited: | 25 Oct 2021 04:26 |
| Last Modified: | 23 Feb 2022 07:07 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/185903 |
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Text (DALAM MASA EMBARGO)
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