Zakiya Tasman Munaf, Ade (2021) Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol Daun Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) terhadap Penurunan Kadar Sitokin IL-1β dan Jumlah Koloni Bakteri pada Hepar Mencit Model Infeksi Nifas yang Diinduksi Escherichia coli. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
"Masa nifas merupakan masa yang rawan bagi ibu, dimana sekitar 60% kematian ibu terjadi setelah melahirkan dan hampir 50% dari kematian terjadi pada 24 jam pertama, yang diantaranya disebabkan oleh adanya infeksi sebesar 11%. Infeksi nifas terjadi karena adanya bakteri yang masuk pada perlukaan bekas insersi plasenta atau bagian lain seperti serviks, vulva, vagina dan perineum sehingga dapat menyebar melalui pembuluh getah bening atau aliran darah dan ke seluruh tubuh termasuk dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada organ hepar. Escherichia coli adalah salah satu bakteri Gram-negatif yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi nifas. LPS pada Escherichia coli dapat mempengaruhi innate immunity. Makrofag yang teraktifasi akan memicu pelepasan sitokin proinflamasi seperti IL-1β. Peningkatan kadar sitokin proinflamasi yang berlebihan dapat memicu infeksi nifas yang parah yang jika tidak ditangani dapat berlanjut ke sepsis dan syok septik. Umumnya, pengobatan terhadap infeksi Escherichia coli menggunakan antibiotik. Namun, penggunaan antibiotik dapat menimbulkan resistensi sehingga diperlukan penelitian untuk memperoleh alternatif yang baru dan mudah diperoleh yaitu salah satunya daun karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membuktikan pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) terhadap penurunan kadar sitokin IL-1β dan jumlah koloni bakteri pada hepar mencit model infeksi nifas yang diinduksi Escherichia coli. Penelitian ini menggunakan true experiment dengan pendekatan posttest only control group design dengan sampel sebanyak 25 ekor mencit (Mus musculus) dibagi secara acak menjadi lima kelompok. Pengukuran kadar sitokin IL-1β dilakukan dengan metode ELISA sedangkan jumlah koloni bakteri dengan metode uji total plate count menggunakan media Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA) yang selanjutnya dihitung menggunakan colony counter. Hasilnya adalah pemberian ekstrak etanol daun karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) dapat menurunkan kadar sitokin IL-1β dan jumlah koloni bakteri pada hepar mencit model infeksi nifas yang diinduksi Escherichia coli.
English Abstract
The postpartum period is a vulnerable period for mothers, where about 60% of maternal deaths occur after childbirth and almost 50% of deaths occur in the first 24 hours, which are caused by complications during the puerperium. This is in line with other studies where the puerperium is the biggest cause of maternal death (48.17%) with infection at 11%. During the puerperium, the presence of injury to the former insertion of the placenta and other parts such as the cervix, vulva, vagina and perineum can trigger the entry of bacteria so that infection occurs. Bacteria that enter through the vagina can spread through the lymph vessels or bloodstream and spread throughout the body, including the liver. Escherichia coli is one of the Gram-negative bacteria that can cause puerperal infection. Escherichia coli can cause damage to the spleen, liver, kidneys and uterus. Macrophages will then be presented by APC via MHC class II in lymphoid tissue, which will then trigger the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β. Increased levels of excessive proinflammatory cytokines can trigger a severe puerperal infection which if left untreated can progress to sepsis and septic shock. Basically, the treatment of Escherichia coli infection uses antibiotics. However, the use of antibiotics can cause resistance, so research is needed to obtain new and easily available alternatives, one of which is Karamunting leaves. Karamunting leaves are used by the people of Kalimantan as traditional medicine because they are considered to have many benefits. Karamunting leaves contain active compounds in the form of phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids and triterpenoids. Previously, there were studies that tested the effectiveness of Karamunting leaves extract against Escherichia coli but only in vitro. The difference with this study is that this study wanted to examine the effect of the ethanolic extract of Karamunting leaves on puerperal infections caused by Escherichia coli bacteria and those associated with the secretion of IL-1β cytokine levels in vivo. This study used an experimental design with a post test only control group design approach with a sample of 25 mice (Mus musculus) divided randomly into five groups. Negative control group (normal mice), positive control (induced by Escherichia coli at dose of 1 x 107 CFU/ml of 0.2 mL) and treatment I, II, III (given Escherichia coli and ethanol extract of Karamunting leaves at a doses of 100;200;400mg/kgBW, respectively). Escherichia coli bacteria were induced intravaginally immediately after parturition or 0-12 hours postpartum. 2 hours after the mice were infected, the Karamunting leaves ethanol extract was treated orally using a probe once a day. Mice were terminated after 24 hours postpartum and then performed surgery to obtain liver organs and heart blood of mice. The measurement of IL-1β cytokine levels was carried out by the ELISA method, while the examination of the number of bacterial colonies by the total plate count test method used Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA) media which was then calculated using a colony counter. Analysis of the results using the One Way Anova test with a confidence level of 0.05 showed that there were significant differences in the negative control group, positive control and treatment groups with p-value = 0.000. In addition, statistically, in the One Way Anova test in the number of bacterial colonies, there were significant difference in the negative control group, positive control and treatment groups with p-value = 0.000. The results of the LSD test analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the positive control group and the treatment group II and III, but it was not significantly different from the treatment group I. In the number of bacterial colonies,the LSD results showed that between the negative control group, positive control with treatment groups I, II and III found that there was a significant difference. The results of the Pearson correlation test analysis of IL-1β cytokine levels obtained a negative value in the correlation coefficient –0.881 with a significant value of 0.032<α. Furthermore, the results of the Pearson correlation test analysis of the number of bacterial colonies in the liver obtained a negative value at the correlation coefficient –0.955 with a significant value of 0.000<α. A negative value indicates an effect with increasing the dose of the extract given, the levels of IL-1β cytokines and the number of bacterial colonies in the liver will decrease. So it can be concluded that the administration of ethanol extract of Karamunting leaves can reduce the levels of IL-1β cytokines and the number of bacterial colonies in the liver of mice modeled by Escherichia coli-induced puerperal infection.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 042106 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Infeksi Nifas, Hepar, IL-1β, Escherichia coli, Mus musculus-Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Infeksi Nifas, Hepar, IL-1β, Escherichia coli, Mus musculus |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 618 Gynecology, obstetrics, pediatrics, geriatrics > 618.2 Obstetrics |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Kebidanan, Fakultas Kedokteran |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username verry |
| Date Deposited: | 23 Oct 2021 08:48 |
| Last Modified: | 25 Sep 2024 04:59 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/185503 |
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