Alchotri, Muhammad Jaelani Nurul Falah and Priambodo, Rizky Tri (2020) Pemurnian Minyak Jelantah pada Kolom Adsorpsi Layered-Bed menggunakan Adsorben Arang Aktif dan Zeolit Alam. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kandungan trigliserida yang tinggi dalam minyak jelantah berpotensi sebagai bahan baku biodiesel yang lebih ekonomis dan alternatif dibandingkan dengan crude palm oil. Dengan konsumsi minyak goreng mencapai 14 juta liter per bulan, Indonesia menghasilkan banyak limbah minyak jelantah yang potensial. Tingginya kandungan asam lemak bebas dan kadar air pada minyak jelantah dapat mengganggu proses transesterifikasi trigliserida menjadi asam lemak metil. Penurunan kadar asam lemak bebas dan kadar air hingga setara dengan standar minyak goreng sawit dapat dilakukan dengan adsorpsi. Penggunaan multiadsorben untuk menyerap beberapa adsorbat sekaligus dalam satu tahap adsorpsi dapat memberikan beberapa manfaat dari segi biaya, efisiensi energi, dan desain peralatan. Penelitian pemurnian minyak jelantah pada kolom layered-bed bertujuan untuk menurunkan kadar asam lemak bebas dan kadar air dalam satu kolom adsorpsi menggunakan adsorben arang aktif dan zeolit alam. Pada penelitian ini digunakan adsorben arang aktif berbahan arang tempurung kelapa dan zeolit alam dengan ukuran partikel 1-2 mm. Adsorben arang aktif tempurung kelapa diaktivasi untuk mendapatkan lebih banyak gugus non-polar sehingga dapat menyerap asam lemak bebas. Arang tempurung kelapa diaktivasi dengan temperatur 700oC yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan luas permukaan aktif dan gugus non-polar pada permukaan adsorben. Dilakukan karakterisasi adsorben untuk mengetahui luas permukaan, kadar air, gugus fungsi yang dimiliki, dan beberapa parameter lain sebagai data pendukung untuk analisis performa adsorpsi dalam kolom adsorpsi. Adsorpsi dilakukan menggunakan kolom fixed-bed dengan konfigurasi layered-bed dimana adsorben arang aktif disusun di atas adsorben zeolit alam dengan variasi ketinggian adsorben 1:1,25 ; 1:1,5 ; 1:1,75 ; dan 1:2 (zeolit:arang). Laju alir influent yang digunakan adalah 7 mL/menit. Waktu operasi proses adsorpsi pada penelitian ini dilakukan hingga mencapai exhaustionion point dengan pengambilan sampel tiap 15 menit untuk diuji kadar asam lemak bebas dan kadar airnya. Dilakukan analisis hasil adsorpsi untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan sistem layered-bed untuk menurunkan kadar asam lemak bebas dan kadar air pada minyak jelantah. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan perbandingan massa adsorben optimum untuk aplikasi dalam pemurnian minyak jelantah dalam kolom adalah 99,75 gram arang aktif dan 84,4 gram zeolit alam. Hasil adsorpsi menggunakan kolom layered-bed dapat menurunkan kadar asam lemak bebas dari 1,46% menjadi 0,222% dan menurunkan kadar air dari 1,026% menjadi 0,169%. Hasil adsorpsi menggunakan kolom layered-bed mencapai break point 120 menit lebih lama dan penurunan kadar air 0,2% lebih besar dibandingkan kolom adsorben tunggal arang aktif. Kata kunci: Adsorpsi, arang aktif, asam lemak bebas, layered-bed, minyak jelantah, zeolit alam.Waste cooking oil (WCO) has becoming one of a cheap biodiesel alternative feedstock since it is rich with triglyceride content. With approximately of 14 million liters as its monthly consumption, WCO will abundantly available in Indonesia. High free fatty acids content and water content in WCO would interfere the transesterification process of triglyceride into methyl ester. A work for removing them from feedstock could be done by the adsorption process. By the used of multi-adsorbent to adsorb several adsorbates in a single stage of adsorption process can provide several benefits in terms of cost, energy efficiency, and equipment design. An adsorption process with layered-bed column system was proposed for free fatty acids and water content removal from WCO using the activated charcoal and natural zeolites as the adsorbents The adsorbent used in this research were activated coconut shell charcoal and natural zeolites with 1-2 mm as its particle size. Coconut shell charcoal was activated at 700oC to develop more pore with mesopore size and provide more non-polar groups for the adsorption of free fatty acids. Adsorbent characterization was performed to determine the mesopore surface area, water content, functional groups, and several other parameters as supporting data for the analysis of adsorption performance in adsorption column. Adsorption was carried out using a fixed-bed column with layered-bed configuration where the activated charcoal adsorbents are arranged on natural zeolite adsorbents with various amount of adsorbents based on the zeolite/charcoal ratio of 1: 1,25; 1: 1,5; 1: 1,75; and 1: 2. Influent flow rate was controlled at 7 mL / min. The operating time of the adsorption processes were finished after reach the exhaustion point. An effluent sample was taking in every 15 minutes to determine the free fatty acids and water content of WCO after treatment. Breakthrough curves were analyzed to determine the effect of using a layered-bed system for WCO purification. Based on the breakthrough curves analysis, the optimum mass ratio of adsorbent for WCO purification in a layered-bed column was obtained at 99.75 grams of activated charcoal and 84.4 grams of natural zeolite. The best adsorption result obtained from layeredbed columns are decreasing of free fatty acids content from 1.46% to 0.222% and decreasing of water content from 1.026% to 0.169%. The layered-bed column reached a break point of 120 minutes longer and a decrease in water content of 0.2% greater than the adsorption column with only activated charcoal in it.
English Abstract
Waste cooking oil (WCO) has becoming one of a cheap biodiesel alternative feedstock since it is rich with triglyceride content. With approximately of 14 million liters as its monthly consumption, WCO will abundantly available in Indonesia. High free fatty acids content and water content in WCO would interfere the transesterification process of triglyceride into methyl ester. A work for removing them from feedstock could be done by the adsorption process. By the used of multi-adsorbent to adsorb several adsorbates in a single stage of adsorption process can provide several benefits in terms of cost, energy efficiency, and equipment design. An adsorption process with layered-bed column system was proposed for free fatty acids and water content removal from WCO using the activated charcoal and natural zeolites as the adsorbents The adsorbent used in this research were activated coconut shell charcoal and natural zeolites with 1-2 mm as its particle size. Coconut shell charcoal was activated at 700oC to develop more pore with mesopore size and provide more non-polar groups for the adsorption of free fatty acids. Adsorbent characterization was performed to determine the mesopore surface area, water content, functional groups, and several other parameters as supporting data for the analysis of adsorption performance in adsorption column. Adsorption was carried out using a fixed-bed column with layered-bed configuration where the activated charcoal adsorbents are arranged on natural zeolite adsorbents with various amount of adsorbents based on the zeolite/charcoal ratio of 1: 1,25; 1: 1,5; 1: 1,75; and 1: 2. Influent flow rate was controlled at 7 mL / min. The operating time of the adsorption processes were finished after reach the exhaustion point. An effluent sample was taking in every 15 minutes to determine the free fatty acids and water content of WCO after treatment. Breakthrough curves were analyzed to determine the effect of using a layered-bed system for WCO purification. Based on the breakthrough curves analysis, the optimum mass ratio of adsorbent for WCO purification in a layered-bed column was obtained at 99.75 grams of activated charcoal and 84.4 grams of natural zeolite. The best adsorption result obtained from layeredbed columns are decreasing of free fatty acids content from 1.46% to 0.222% and decreasing of water content from 1.026% to 0.169%. The layered-bed column reached a break point of 120 minutes longer and a decrease in water content of 0.2% greater than the adsorption column with only activated charcoal in it.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0520070120 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Adsorption, activated charcoal, free fatty acids, layered-bed, used cooking oil, natural zeolite. , Adsorption, activated charcoal, free fatty acids, layered-bed, used cooking oil, natural zeolite. |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 662 Explosives of explosives, fuels, related products > 662.7 Coke and charcoal |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknik > Teknik Kimia |
| Depositing User: | Bambang Septiawan |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Feb 2021 15:09 |
| Last Modified: | 13 Jan 2023 07:31 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/182593 |
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