Fikri, Muhammad and Dr. Noer Rahmi Ardiarini, SP., M.Si. (2020) Keragaman Karakteristik Fisik 19 Aksesi Biji Bunga Matahari (Helianthus annuus L). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman bunga matahari merupakan salah satu tanaman penghasil minyak nabati dengan kualitas terbaik, namun produksi bunga matahari di Indonesia kurang maksimal, sehingga untuk memenuhi kebutuhan biji bunga matahari Indonesia melakukan impor. Rendahnya produksi bunga matahari di Indonesia disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya ialah kurang tersedianya varietas unggul dalam negeri. Salah satu upaya dalam meningkatkan produksi mutu dan kualitas benih adalah program pemuliaan tanaman dengan cara perakitan benih unggul / varietas baru sehingga tersedianya benih unggul dalam negeri. Kegiatan ini memerlukan kegiatan identifikasi dan karakterisasi, termasuk bunga matahari yang memerlukan kegiatan karakterisik fisik bahan. Dalam upaya perakitan varietas unggul, perlu dilakukan identifikasi keragaman biji agar keragaman penampilan karakternya dapat digunakan untuk menentukan perbedaan genotype pada bunga matahari. Hal ini dilakukan agar identifikasi karakter biji calon varietas yang memiliki karakter berbeda dapat dibedakan dengan varietas yang sudah ada. Keragaman karakter bunga matahari di Indonesia dapat menentukan potensi tanaman tersebut dalam meningkatkan penggunaan bahan genetik untuk meningkatkan produksinya (Respatijarti et al, 2011). Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mempelajari keragaman karakteristik fisik dari 19 genotipe bunga matahari. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari 2020 hingga April 2020 di Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya. Alat yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah timbangan analitik, jangka sorong digital, botol sprayer, oven, cawan, label nama, kamera dan alat tulis. Bahan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kertas merang, plastik mika, karet gelang, plastik klip dan 19 genotipe bunga matahari. Penelitian ini tidak menggunakan rancangan, Karakter kuantitatif yang diamati meliputi Panjang biji, lebar biji, tebal biji, bobot 100 biji, berat biji per tanaman. Karakter kualitatif yang diamati addalah bentuk biji, warna utama biji, posisi garis biji, warna garis biji . untuk pengukuran panjang biji, lebar biji, tebal biji, berat 100 biji, setiap genotipe diambil 100 benih sebagai sampel yang diulang sebanyak 4 kali sehingga total benih yang digunakan untuk pengujian panjang biji, lebar biji, tebal biji,bobot 100 biji sebanyak 400 benih, untuk pengukuran berat biji per tanaman didapatkan dari mengukur berat seluruh biji per tanaman dalam satu aksesi. Untuk mengukur bentuk biji, warna utama biji, posisi garis biji, dan warna garis biji dilakukan dengan pengamatan langsung dan melalui panduang bunga matahari. Data yang didapat dianalisis menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA) untuk mengetahui variable yang berkontribusi nyata dalam keragaman dan dilanjutkan dengan analisis klaster (AHC) untuk mengelompokan data berdasarkan jarak genetik berdasarkan koefisien korelasi Pearson dan metode aglomerasi un-weighted pair-group method average (UPGMA). Analisis Komponen Utama (PCA) berdasarkan karakter kualitatif dan karakter kuantitatif didapatkan 3 komponen utama. PC1 mempunyai nilai eigenvalue 4,21, memberikan kontribusi terhadap keragaman maksimum sebesar 46,78%. Karakter yang berkontribusi terhadap PC1 ialah panjang biji (mm), lebar biji (mm), tebal Biji (mm), bobot 100 Biji (g), bobot biji pertanaman (g) dan warna garis biji. PC2 mempunyai eigenvalue 1,83, memberikan kontribusi terhadap keragaman maksimum sebesar 20,31%. Karakter yang berkontribusi terhadap PC2 ialah warna utama biji dan posisi garis biji. PC3 mempunyai eigenvalue 1,22, memberikan kontribusi terhadap keragamaan maksimum sebesar 13,55%, Karakter yang berkontribusi terhadap PC3 ialah berat biji pertanaman dan bentuk biji.Analisis kluster (AHC) berdasarkan karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif pada 19 aksesi bunga matahari didapatkan 5 kelompok utama dan menyebar pada koefisien 62% -97%. Karakter – karakter yang membedakan aksesi tersebut menjadi 5 kelompok adalah panjang biji, lebar biji, tebal biji, bobot 100 butir dan berat biji per tanaman.
English Abstract
Sunflower plant is one of the highest quality vegetable oil producing plants, but sunflower production in Indonesia is less than optimal, so as to meet the needs of Indonesian sunflower seeds to import. The low sunflower production in Indonesia is caused by several factors, one of which is the lack of availability of superior varieties in the country. One of the efforts in increasing the production of quantity and quality seeds is a plant breeding program by assembling superior seeds / new varieties so that the availability of domestic superior seeds. This activity requires identification and characterization activities, including sunflowers which require physical characteristics of material activities. In an effort to assemble superior varieties, it is necessary to identify the diversity of seeds so that the diversity of character appearance can be used to determine differences in genotype in sunflowers. This is done so that the identification of prospective varieties of seed varieties that have different characters can be distinguished from existing varieties. The diversity of sunflower characters in Indonesia can determine the potential of these plants in increasing the use of genetic material to increase their production (Respatijarti et al, 2011). The purpose of this study was to study the diversity of physical characteristics of 19 sunflower genotypes. This research was conducted in January 2020 to April 2020 in the Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University. The tools used in this study were analytical scales, digital calipers, sprayer bottles, ovens, cups, name tags, cameras and stationery. The materials used in this study are straw paper, mica plastic, rubber bands, plastic clips and 19 sunflower genotypes. This study did not use a design. Quantitative characters observed included seed length, seed width, seed thickness, weight of 100 seeds, weight of seeds per plant. Qualitative characters observed were the shape of the seed, the main color of the seed, the position of the seed line, the color of the seed line. for measurement of seed length, seed width, seed thickness, weight of 100 seeds, each genotype was taken 100 seeds as samples that were repeated 4 times so that the total seeds used for testing the length of seeds, seed width, seed thickness, 100 seeds weight were 400 seeds, to measure the weight of seeds per plant obtained from measuring the weight of all seeds per plant in one accession. To measure the shape of the seeds, the main color of the seeds, the position of the seed lines, and the color of the seed lines is done by direct observation and through sunflower guides. The data obtained were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to find out the variables that contributed significantly to diversity and continued with cluster analysis (AHC) to classify data based on genetic distance based on Pearson correlation coefficient and un-weighted pair-group method average agglomeration method (UPGMA). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on qualitative characters and quantitative characters obtained 3 main components. PC1 has an eigenvalue value of 4.21, contributing to the maximum diversity of 46.78%. Characters that contribute to PC1 are seed length (mm), seed width (mm), seed thickness (mm), weight of 100 seeds (g), seed weight per plant (g) and seed line color. PC2 has an eigenvalue of 1.83, contributing to a maximum diversity of 20.31%. The characteristics that contribute to PC2 are the main color of the bean and the position of the seed line. PC3 has an eigenvalue of 1.22, contributing to a maximum diversity of 13.55%, Characters that contribute to PC3 are the weight of the seeds planted and the shape of the seeds. Cluster analysis (AHC) based on qualitative and quantitative characters on 19 sunflower accessions found 5 main groups and spread out at a coefficient of 62% -97%. The characters that distinguished the accessions into 5 groups were seed length, seed width, seed thickness, 100 seed weight and seed weight per plant.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0520040031 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.9 Flowers and ornamental plants > 635.93 Grouping by life duration; taxonomic grouping > 635.933 9 Taxonomic groupings (Asteridae) > 635.933 99 Taxonomic groupings (Asterales) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 03 Feb 2021 07:11 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Oct 2022 04:00 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/182369 |
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