Anessa, Najla Thufailla (2020) Keberhasilan Pembentukan Biji Bunga Matahari (Helianthus annuus L.) berdasarkan Kriteria Self Incompatibility. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Bunga matahari memiliki manfaat yang kini semakin luas, tidak hanya sebagai tanaman hias saja. Biji merupakan produk utama bunga matahari yang secara morfologi diperoleh dari bunga tabung (disk florets). Biji bunga matahari dapat dimanfaatkan untuk skala industri, diantaranya sebagai bahan baku pembuatan makanan, obat-obatan dan kosmetika. Selain itu juga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber minyak nabati (edible oil) yang menempati posisi terbesar ketiga dunia setelah minyak kedelai dan kelapa sawit. Beberapa industri di Indonesia masih mengimpor biji dan minyak bunga matahari karena kurangnya pasokan dari dalam negeri. Kurangnya pasokan bunga matahari disebabkan oleh rendahnya persentase pembentukan biji. Bunga matahari memiliki kapitula yang bersifat hermaprodit tetapi protandri, sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya inkompatibilitas sendiri. Inkompatibilitas sendiri merupakan ketidak mampuan tanaman untuk membentuk biji karena perbedaan waktu muncul organ jantan dan betina, dimana benang sari muncul terlebih dahulu daripada kepala putik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya pada bulan Mei 2019 hingga Oktober 2019. Alat-alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari cangkul, cetok, meteran, penggaris, gunting, cutter, kuas, plastik klip, plastik sungkup, tray semai, sprayer, timbangan, alat tulis dan kamera. Bahan-bahan yang digunakan terdiri dari bibit 5 genotipe bunga matahari, pupuk kompos, pupuk kandang, pupuk urea, pupuk SP- 36, pupuk KCl dan pestisida. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Pola Tersarang (Nested design) sehingga terdapat faktor independen dan faktor dependen yang masing-masing terdiri dari 4 petak dan 32 petak. Penelitian ini menggunakan 2 perlakuan. Perlakuan genotipe tanaman bunga matahari yang terdiri dari 4 taraf, yaitu HA 10, HA 11, HA 45, HA 50 dan metode penyerbukan terdiri dari 4 taraf, yaitu natural self pollination, manipulated self pollination, cross pollination dan open pollination. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 16 kombinasi perlakuan dengan ulangan sebanyak 2 kali, sehingga terdapat 32 satuan percobaan. Setiap percobaan menggunakan 20 bibit, maka total bibit yang digunakan sebanyak 640 bibit. Pengamatan percobaan meliputi umur muncul benang sari dan putik, diameter kepala bunga, bobot kepala bunga, bobot 100 biji, jumlah biji hampa, jumlah biji bernas, total biji dan persentase seed set. Data pengamatan yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Ragam (ANOVA) dengan uji F pada taraf 5%, kemudian data yang signifikan akan dilanjutkan dengan Uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) pada taraf 5%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa kriteria self incompatibility sangat dipengaruhi oleh keberhasilan pembentukan biji yang diperoleh dari karakter persentase seed set. Perlakuan metode polinasi terbaik adalah open pollination dengan persentase seed set sebesar 93,43% dan memiliki kriteria self incompatibility sangat rendah, sedangkan untuk keempat genotipe bunga matahari memiliki kriteria yang sama yaitu self incompatibility rendah.
English Abstract
Sunflowers has benefits that are more widespread, not only as an ornamental plant. Seed is the main product of sunflower which is morphologically obtained from disk florets. Sunflower seeds can be used for industrial scale, including as raw material for making food, medicines and cosmetics. It can also be used as an edible oil, which occupies the third largest position in the world after soybean oil and palm oil. Some industries in Indonesia still import sunflower seeds and oil due to lack of domestic supply. The lack of supply is caused by a low percentage of seed formation. Sunflower has a capitula which is hermaphrodite but protandry, it causes self incompatibility. Self incompatibility is an inability of plants to form seeds because of differences time between male and female emergence, where the stamens emergence first than the pistil. The research was held in the Experimental field of the Agriculture Faculty, Brawijaya University in May 2019 to October 2019. The tools that used in this research consisted of hoes, shovel, meter, ruler, scissors, cutter, paint brush, sprayer, scales, plastic clips, plastic bags, seedling tray, stationery and digital cameras. The materials that used is consist of 5 sunflower genotypes, compost, manure, urea fertilizer, SP-36 fertilizer, KCl fertilizer and pesticides. The design was used is the Nested Design, so that it consisted of independent factors and dependent factors (4 plots) and subplots (32 plots). This research used 2 treatments. Sunflower genotype treatment consisting of 4 levels, which is HA 10, HA 11, HA 45, HA 50 and pollination methods consisting of 4 levels, which is natural self pollination, manipulated self pollination, cross pollination and open pollination. This research consisted of 16 combinations of treatments which were repeated twice, so there were 32 experimental units. Each experiment used 20 seeds, so the total number of seeds is 640. The research observations consist of the age of stamens emergence, age of pistil emergence, head diameter, head weight, weight of 100 seeds, number of unfilled seeds, number of filled seeds, total seeds (unfilled and filled) and percentage of seed set. The data that obtained from the research was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with F test at the 5% level, then the significant data will be continued by the Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) at the 5% level. Based on the results of the research, it can be seen that the self incompatibility criteria are strongly influenced by the success of seed formation that obtained from character of seed set percentage. The best pollination method treatment is open pollination with seed set percentage is 93.43% and has a very low self incompatibility and for the four sunflower genotypes has the same criteria that is low self incompatibility
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2020/73/052003727 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | - |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.9 Flowers and ornamental plants |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Budi Wahyono Wahyono |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Aug 2020 06:45 |
| Last Modified: | 11 Apr 2023 02:24 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/181138 |
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Text (DALAM MASA EMBARGO)
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