Pengaruh Residu Biochar dan Pupuk Kandang Terhadap Beberapa Sifat Tanah Serta Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.)

Mu’min, M. Fiqri Amirul (2020) Pengaruh Residu Biochar dan Pupuk Kandang Terhadap Beberapa Sifat Tanah Serta Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Perbaikan pertumbuhan tanaman dalam meningkatkan hasil panen dan perbaikan kesubuan tanah menggunakan pembenah tanah terus dilakukan. Salah satunya penggunaan biochar yang berasal dari pembakaran tidak sempurna biomassa tanaman dan pemberian pupuk kandang. Biochar mengandung unsur hara yang cukup tinggi dan senyawa karbon yang relatif tahan terhadap dekomposisi sehingga pemberian biochar dapat memperbaiki sifat fisik serta kimia tanah. Senyawa karbon dari biochar akan bertahan cukup lama di dalam tanah sehingga meninggalkan residu dalam tanah. Pemberian bahan organik seperti pupuk kandang mampu meningkatkan bahan organik dan unsur hara tanah, sehingga dapat memperbaiki sifat kimia tanah, fisik tanah dan biologi tanah. Pupuk kandang pada daerah tropis akan lebih cepat terdekomposisi. Residu biochar dan residu pupuk kandang perlu diteliti lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui apakah unsur hara yang tertinggal cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bagi pertumbuhan tanaman jagung atau perlu adanya pemberian nitrogen agar pertumbuhan tanaman jagung menjadi lebih baik. Penelitian dilakukan bulan Juli sampai September 2019.di glasshouse Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi, Malang. Rangancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok faktorial (RAKF) dengan 2 faktor berupa residu biochar dan pupuk kandang dengan penambahan nitrogen berupa pupuk urea. Terdapat 6 kombinasi perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak 4 kali sehingga terdapat 24 unit sampel percobaan dengan kode perlakuan tanpa residu (K), residu pupuk kandang 8 ton ha-1 (P) dan residu biochar tongkol jagung 8 ton ha-1 (B), pemberian urea 0 kg ha-1 (T) dan pemberian urea 350 kg ha-1 (N). Parameter tanah yang diamati meliputi pH tanah, N total, C-organik, KTK, dan Kemantapan Agregat. Sedangkan untuk parameter tanaman yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang akar, berat kering akar dan berat basah akar. Data yang didapat akan dianalisis ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) dengan taraf 5%. Uji lanjut menggunakan DMRT taraf 5% dan BNT taraf 5 %, serta untuk mengetahui hubungan antar parameter menggunakan uji korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antara residu biochar dengan pemberian nitrogen tidak berpengaruh terhadap pH tanah, C-organik, N total, KTK dan kemantapan agregat. Residu biochar mampu meningkatkan pH agak masam yaitu 5,87 menjadi 5,92, meningkatkan C-organik dari 0,69% menjadi 0,73%, mengstabilkan N total dalam tanah dari 0,25% menjadi 0,25%, dan penurunan KTK tanah dari 28,28 me 100g-1 manjadi 27,14 me 100g-1 . Residu pupuk kandang mampu meningkatkan pH agak masam yaitu 5,78 menjadi 5,90, kandungan C-organik mengalami penurunan dari 0,61% menjadi 0,57%, penurunan N total dari 0,24% manjadi 0,23% dan penurunan KTK tanah dari 27,3 me 100g-1 menjadi 26,58 me 100g-1 . Residu biochar dan residu pupuk kandang mampu meningkatkan tinggi tanaman jagung. Interaksi antara residu biochar dengan pemberian urea mampu meningkatkan panjang akar tanaman jagung. Jumlah daun tanaman jagung tidak dipengaruhi oleh residu biochar dan residu pupuk kandang melainkan oleh pemberian nitrogen. Residu biochar mampu membuat kemantapan agregat yang lebih stabil (2,10 mm) dibandingan dengan residu pupuk kandang (3,09 mm)

English Abstract

To improve the plant growth and increasing crop yields, the soil conditioner were continuously used. One soil conditioner is biochar, which a form of incomplete combustion of plant biomass that combined with manure. Biochar contains high levels of nutrients and carbon substances which are relatively resistant to decomposition so that biochar able to increase the soil physical and chemical properties. Carbon compounds from biochar are stable and able to stays long time as residue in the soil. Application of organic material such as fertilizer increases organic matter and nutrients, so that it can improve soil chemical properties, soil physics and soil biology. Furthermore, manure in the tropical weather will decompose more quickly. However, the combination of biochar and manure as soil conditioner to maize need further observed. This research aims to investigate the nitrogen availability on the combination of biochar and manure and its effect on maize plant. The study was conducted at July to September 2019, in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tribhuwana Tunggadewi, Malang. This research used randomized block design two factor consisting of biochar residues and manure with urea fertilizer. There were 6 combinations and repeated 4 times so this research consist of 24 units. The treatments were: control (K), manure 8 tons ha-1 (P) and corn cobs biochar 8 tons ha-1 (B), urea 0 kg ha-1 (T) urea 350 kg ha-1 (N). The soil were further assayed for pH, organic C, soil N, CEC and soil aggregate stability. Maize growth also observed such as maize plant height, number of leaves, root length, dry roots weight and fresh roots weight. The data obtained were further analyzed using ANOVA (Variant Analysis) with significant level of 5%. Further tests using DMRT level of 5% and BNT level of 5%, and to determine the relationship between parameters using a correlation. The results showed the interaction between biochar combined with urea gave no significant different to soil pH, organic C, soil N, CEC and soil aggregate stability. Biochar application was able to increase the pH from 5.87 to 5.92, increase the organic C content from 0.69% to 0.73%, stabilize the soil N content from 0.25% to 0.25%, and increase CEC from 28.28 cmol kg -1 to 27.14 cmol kg -1 . Manure also able to increase the pH from 5.78 to 5.90, organic C were decreased from 0.61% to 0.57%, soil N also reduced from 0.24% to 0.23% and in the other hand, CEC were increased from 27.3 cmol kg -1 to 26.58 cmol kg -1 . Biochar and manure are able to increase it’s plant height. Interaction between biochar and urea increase the length of plant roots. Maize’s number of leave were significantly not affected by biochar and manure but affected by urea treatment. Biochar were able to increase soil aggregate stability more stable (2.10 mm) compared to manure (3.09 mm).

Other obstract

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Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	SKR/FP/2020/37/052003691
Uncontrolled Keywords:	-
Subjects:	600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.1 Cereals > 633.15 Corn
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah
Depositing User:	Budi Wahyono Wahyono
Date Deposited:	10 Aug 2020 06:48
Last Modified:	25 Sep 2024 03:49
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/181091

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