Natalia, Prita Kurnia (2019) Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Npk Dan Kompos Kotoran Sapi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Brokoli (Brassica Oleracea L. Var. Italica). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Brokoli ialah tanaman hortikultura famili Brassicaceae (jenis kol dengan bunga hijau) yang ditemukan pertama kali di Cyprus, Italia Selatan dan Mediterania 2000 tahun yang lalu. Brokoli ialah sayuran yang mengandung zat gizi penting yang dibutuhkan manusia. Brokoli memiliki kandungan seperti lemak, protein, karbohidrat, serat, air, zat besi, kalsium, mineral dan bermacam vitamin A dan C. Permintaan akan sayuran brokoli dari tahun ke tahun mengalami peningkatan dikarenakan masyarakat mulai peduli akan pola hidup sehat. Produksi tanaman brokoli pada tahun 2012 hingga 2015 mengalami penurunan produksi dari 135.837 menjadi 118.394 ton (BPS, 2016). Budidaya tanaman brokoli yang dilakukan oleh petani saat ini masih bersifat konvensional, serta tidak memperhatikan teknik budidaya seperti pemupukan dan pemeliharaan yang baik. Teknik perbaikan budidaya brokoli dapat dilakukan dengan mengubah pertanian konvensional menjadi pertanian semi organik. Menurut Sutanto (2002), tahap awal sebelum menerapkan pertanian organik masih memerlukan pupuk anorganik (kimia) guna membantu petani dalam memenuhi kebutuhan unsur hara tanah dan tanaman. Penggunaan pupuk NPK diimbangi dengan pemberian pupuk organik Kompos Kotoran Sapi. Unsur hara yang terkandung pada pupuk NPK maupun Kompos Kotoran Sapi ialah hara yang dibutuhkan bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangn tanaman brokoli. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penelitian pada tanaman brokoli untuk menemukan kombinasi dosis pupuk organik dan anorganik yang baik dan tepat. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui dan mempelajari pengaruh pemberian pupuk NPK dan kompos sapi terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman Brokoli (Brassica olaracea L.). Hipotesis penelitian ini ialah kombinasi pemberian pupuk NPK dan kompos sapi akan memberikan pengaruh bagi pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman Brokoli (Brassica oleracea L.). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April hingga Juli 2019 di Desa Sidomulyo, Kecamatan Batu, Kota Batu. Alat yang digunakan pada penelitian ini ialah cangkul, gembor, ember, timbangan analitik, oven, amplop coklat, meteran, penggaris, alat tulis, kamera, alat LAM (Leaf Area Meter) dan mika label. Bahan yang digunakan ialah benih brokoli varietas Lucky, kompos kotoran sapi, pupuk NPK Phonska, cocopeat, air dan pupuk kandang kambing. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 9 kombinasi perlakuan dengan 3 kali ulangan (P0 : Kontrol, PS : 800 kg ha-1 NPK, P1 : 800 kg ha-1 NPK + 1 ton ha-1 Kompos Kotoran Sapi, P2 : 800 kg ha-1 NPK + 2 ton ha-1 Kompos Kotoran Sapi, P3 : 600 kg ha-1 NPK + 3 ton ha-1 Kompos Kotoran Sapi, P4 : 600 kg ha-1 NPK + 1 ton ha-1 Kompos Kotoran Sapi, P5 : 400 kg ha-1 NPK + 2 ton ha-1 Kompos Kotoran Sapi, P6 : 400 kg ha-1 NPK + 3 ton ha-1 Kompos Kotoran Sapi, P7 : 200 kg ha-1 NPK + 3 ton ha-1 Kompos Kotoran Sapi). Parameter pengamatan meliputi pengamatan pertumbuhan dan hasil. Parameter pengamatan pertumbuhan meliputi jumlah daun dan tinggi tanaman. Parameter pengamatan hasil meliputi luas daun, diameter batang, diameter bunga brokoli, berat bunga segar brokoli dan berat bunga kering brokoli. Data yang diperoleh dari hasilpengamatan akan dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) dengan uji tabel F dengan taraf 5%. Apabila hasil analisis ragam memberikan pengaruh nyata, maka akan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi pupuk NPK dan pupuk kompos sapi berpengaruh nyata pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman Brokoli. Perlakuan 600 kg ha-1 NPK + 3 ton ha-1 Kompos Kotoran Sapi (P3) memberikan hasil yang lebih tinggi dibanding perlakuan lainnya pada seluruh parameter pengamatan. Kombinasi pupuk anorganik dan pupuk organik mampu memberikan hasil panen sebanyak 17,61 ton ha-1. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi pemberian pupuk NPK dan pupuk kompos sapi berpengaruh baik bagi pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman Brokoli. Analisa usahatani tanaman brokoli dengan perlakuan 600 kg ha-1 NPK + 3 ton ha-1 Kompos Sapi (P3) menunjukkan nilai R/C Ratio tertinggi sebesar 1,92 dan tanpa perlakuan pupuk NPK maupun kompos sapi (P0) menunjukkan nilai R/C Ratio terendah sebesar 1,00.
English Abstract
Broccoli is a horticultural plant of the Brassicaceae family (cabbage species with green flowers) which was first discovered in Cyprus, Southern Italy and the Mediterranean 2000 years ago. Broccoli is a vegetable that contains important nutrients needed by humans. Broccoli contains such ingredients as fat, protein, carbohydrates, fiber, water, iron, calcium, minerals and various vitamins A and C. The demand for broccoli vegetables has increased over the years because people are starting to care about healthy lifestyle. Production of broccoli in Indonesia from 2012 to 2015 shows a decreased yield from 135,837 to 118,394 tons (BPS, 2016). Broccoli cultivation carried out by farmers in Indonesia is still conventional, and does not pay attention to cultivation techniques such as good fertilization and maintenance. Improvement techniques for broccoli cultivation can be done by converting agricultural system from conventional agriculture into organik farming. Organik farming requires organik fertilizer which is the most important source of nutrients which contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and other micro nutrients. Organik fertilizers can improve soil structure and the negative effects caused by inorganik fertilizers. The use of NPK fertilizer is balanced with the provision of organik compost from Cow Compost. Nutrients contained in NPK fertilizer and Cow Compost are nutrients needed for the growth and development of broccoli plants. Therefore, research on broccoli plants is needed to find the right and right combination of dosages of organik and inorganik fertilizers. The purpose of this study was to study and obtain the effect of NPK fertilizer and cow compost on the growth and yield of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) plants. The hypothesis of this study is that the combination of NPK fertilizer and cow compost will have a better effect on the growth and yield of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) plants. The research will be conducted from April to July 2019 in Sidomulyo Village, Batu District, Malang City. The tools for this research are hoes, bolts, buckets, measuring cups, hand sprayers, analytical scales, ovens, brown envelopes, meters, rulers, stationery, cameras, trays, LAM (Leaf Area Meter) and mica labels. The ingredients used are Lucky variety broccoli seeds, rabbit biourine, water and goat manure. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 9 combinations of treatments with 3 replications (P0: Control, PS: 800 kg ha-1 NPK, P1: 800 kg ha-1 NPK + 1 ton ha-1 Cow Compost, P2: 800 kg ha-1 NPK + 2 tons ha- 1 Cow Compost, P3: 600 kg ha-1 NPK + 3 tons ha-1 Cow Compost, P4: 600 kg ha-1 NPK + 1 ton ha-1 Cow Compost , P5: 400 kg ha-1 NPK + 2 tons ha-1 Cow Compost, P6: 400 kg ha-1 NPK + 3 tons ha-1 Cow Compost, P7: 200 kg ha-1 NPK + 3 tons ha- 1 Compost Cow). Parameters of observation include observations of growth and results. Observation parameters of growth include the number of leaves, plant height, and leaf area. The parameters of observation of the results include the diameter of broccoli flowers, the weight of fresh broccoli flowers, the weight of dried broccoli flowers, and the yield of tons per hectare. Data obtained from observations will be analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) by testing table F with a level of 5%. If the results of the variance analysis have a significanteffect, it will be followed by an Least Significance Different (LSD) at the level of 5%. The results showed that the combination of NPK fertilizer and cow compost had a significant effect on the growth and yield of Broccoli plants. Treatment of 600 kg ha-1 NPK + 3 tons ha-1 Cow Compost (P3) gave a higher yield than other treatments on all observations parameters. The combination of inorganik fertilizer and organik fertilizer with the recommended dosage is able to provide a yield of 17.61 tons ha-1. So it can be concluded that the combination of NPK fertilizer and cow compost has a good effect on the growth and yield of Broccoli plants. Broccoli farming analysis with treatment of 600 kg ha-1 NPK + 3 tons ha-1 Cow Compost (P3) shows the highest R/C Ratio value of 1.92 and without the treatment of NPK fertilizer or cow compost (P0) shows the value of R/C The lowest ratio is 1.00.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/986/052002756 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 635 Garden crops (Horticulture) > 635.3 Edible leaves, flowers, stems > 635.35 Cauliflower and broccoli |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Sep 2020 06:21 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Aug 2023 03:01 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/179620 |
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