Wirayuda, Bahtiar (2019) Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Organik Dan Pupuk Anorganik Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea Mays L. Var. Saccharata). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Jagung manis (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura yang banyak digemari oleh masyarakat di Indonesia karena memiliki rasa yang lebih manis dibandingkan dengan jagung biasa. Selain itu, umur produksi lebih genjah atau pendek sehingga sangat menguntungkan untuk dibudidayakan. Kebutuhan akan tersedianya jagung manis semakin meningkat. Namun permintaan pasar dari tahun ketahun akan jagung manis meningkat drastis sedangkan produksi jagung manis di Indonesia tergolong rendah serta belum bisa mencukupi kebutuhan pasar. Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan menurunnya produksi jagung manis adalah terjadinya degradasi lahan yang mengakibatkan kesuburan tanah menurun, seperti penurunan kadar hara, kandungan bahan organik dan pH tanah. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan upaya pemupukan. Pupuk yang digunakan dapat berupa pupuk organik (kotoran ternak, kompos, bokashi, pupuk organik cair dll.) dan pupuk anorganik baik berupa pupuk tunggal (Urea, SP-36, KCl) maupun pupuk majemuk (NPK). Penggunaan pupuk organik berperan meningkatkan daya menahan air, aktivitas mikrobiologi tanah, nilai kapasitas tukar kation dan memperbaiki struktur tanah. Sedangkan penggunaan pupuk majemuk mengandung lebih dari satu macam unsur hara tanaman (makro maupun mikro) terutama N, P, dan K. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk organik dan anorganik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis serta untuk memperoleh dosis yang tepat. Hipotesis penelitian yaitu terdapat interaksi antara pemberian pupuk organik dan dosis pupuk anorganik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2018 hingga Januari 2019. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Torongrejo, Junrejo, Batu, Jawa Timur. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu cangkul, tugal, meteran, gembor, timbangan analitik, tali rafia, suntikan untuk mengambil pupuk organik cair, botol plastik bekas ukuran 1,5 liter untuk tempat larutan pupuk organik cair, gelas ukur, jangka sorong, hand refractometer, kamera dan alat tulis. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu benih jagung manis varietas Talenta, pupuk kandang ayam, pupuk organik cair (NASA), pupuk NPK majemuk (16-16-16) pestisida dan air. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 2 faktor. Faktor 1 yaitu pupuk organik, O1= tanpa pupuk organik, O2= pupuk kandang ayam 10 ton ha-1, O3= pupuk kandang ayam 10 ton ha-1 + pupuk organik cair 40 ml/20 L/100 m2. Sedangkan faktor 2 yaitu pupuk majemuk NPK (16-16-16), A1= 100 kg ha-1, A2= 150 kg ha-1, A3= 200 kg ha-1, A4= 250 kg ha-1. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 12 kombinasi perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga didapatkan 36 petak percobaan. Setiap satuan percobaan terdiri dari 1 bedeng tanaman yang terdiri dari 36 tanaman, sehingga total keseluruhan terdapat 1296 tanaman. Variabel yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman (cm), jumlah daun (helai), diameter batang (cm), waktuii munculnya bunga jantan (hst), panjang tongkol (cm), diameter tongkol (cm), bobot tongkol berkelobot per tanaman (kg), bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot per tanaman (kg), bobot tongkol berkelobot per petak (kg), bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot per petak (kg), bobot tongkol berkelobot per hektar (ton), bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot per hektar (ton), tingkat kemanisan jagung (ºBrix). Analisis data menggunakan analisis ragam (uji F) pada taraf 5%. Hasil analisis ragam yang nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji beda nyata jujur (BNJ) pada taraf nyata 5% untuk mengetahui perbedaan diantara perlakuan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk organik dengan penambahan pupuk anorganik memberikan interaksi terhadap seluruh variabel pengamatan. Pengaruh pemberian pupuk organik dengan penambahan pupuk anorganik pada komponen pertumbuhan menunjukkan pengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang dan waktu munculnya bunga jantan, sedangkan pada komponen hasil berpengaruh nyata terhadap panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol, bobot tongkol berkelobot per tanaman, bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot per tanaman, bobot tongkol berkelobot per petak, bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot per petak, bobot tongkol berkelobot per hektar, bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot per hektar dan kadar gula jagung manis. Perlakuan pupuk kandang ayam+pupuk organik cair dengan penambahan pupuk NPK 200 kg ha-1 dan 250 kg ha-1 memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan perlakuan lain.
English Abstract
Sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) is one of the horticultural commodities that is much favored by people in Indonesia because it has a sweeter taste compared to ordinary corn. In addition, the production life is faster or shorter so it is very profitable to be cultivated. The need for the availability of sweet corn is increasing. But market demand from year to year for sweet corn has increased dramatically while sweet corn production in Indonesia is relatively low and cannot meet market needs. One of the factors causing the decrease in sweet corn production is land degradation which results in decreased soil fertility, such as decreased levels of nutrients, organic matter content and soil pH. To overcome these problems can be done with fertilization efforts. Fertilizers used can be in the form of organic fertilizer (manure, compost, liquid organic fertilizer) and inorganic fertilizers in the form of a single fertilizer (Urea, SP-36, KCl) or compound fertilizer (NPK). The use of organic fertilizers has the role of increasing water retention capacity, soil microbiological activity, cation exchange capacity value and improving soil structure. While the use of compound fertilizer contains more than one type of plant nutrients (macro and micro), especially N, P, and K. This study aims to determine the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of sweet corn and to obtain the right dose. The research hypothesis is that there is an interaction between the provision of organic fertilizer and the dose of inorganic fertilizer on the growth and yield of sweet corn. This research was conducted in November 2018 to January 2019, and have been conducted in Torongrejo, Junrejo, Batu, East Java. The tools used in this study are hoes, torches, meters, fat, analytical scales, raffia ropes, injections to take liquid organic fertilizer, 1.5 liter used plastic bottles for liquid organic fertilizer solution, measuring cup, calipers, hand refractometer, camera and stationery. The materials used in this research are Varieties of sweet corn Talenta seeds, chicken manure, liquid organic fertilizer (NASA), compound NPK fertilizer (16-16-16), pesticides and water. This research was conducted using a factorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 2 factors. First factor is organic fertilizer, O1 = without organic fertilizer, O2 = chicken manure 10 tons ha-1, O3 = chicken manure 10 tons ha-1 + liquid organic fertilizer 40 ml / 20 L / 100 m2. Second factor is NPK compound fertilizer, A1 = 100 kg ha-1, A2 = 150 kg ha-1, A3 = 200 kg ha-1, A4 = 250 kg ha-1. This study consisted of 12 treatment combinations which were 3 replication to obtain 36 experimental plots. Each experimental unit consisted of 1 plant bed consisting of 36 plants, so that in total there were 1296 plants. Parameters observed were plant height (cm), number of leaves (unit), stem diameter (cm), average time for emerging male plant flowers (dap), the length of cob (cm), the diameter of cob (cm), cob weight per plant (kg), cob weight without calb per plant (kg), cob weight per plot (kg), cob weight without calb per plot (kg), cob weight per hectare (tons), cob weight without calb per hectare (tons), sweetness level of corn (ºBrix). Data analysis used analysis of variance (F test) at the 5% level. The results of the analysis of the real varianceiv were followed by an Honestly Significant Different (HSD) at the 5% significance level to determine the differences between treatments. The results of this study indicate that the application of organic fertilizer with the addition of inorganic fertilizers provides a real interaction with all observed variables. The effect of organic fertilizer application with the addition of inorganic fertilizer on the growth component shows a significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter and average time for emerging male plant flowers, while the yield component has a significant effect on the length of cob, the diameter of cob, cob weight per plant, cob weight without calb per plant, cob weights per plot, cob weights without calb per plot, cob weights per hectare, cob weights without calb per hectare and sweetness level of corn. Chicken manure + liquid organic fertilizer treatment with the addition of NPK fertilizer 200 kg ha-1 and 250 kg ha-1 gave better results than other treatments.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/948/052000940 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 633 Field and plantation crops > 633.1 Cereals > 633.15 Corn |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Aug 2020 08:11 |
| Last Modified: | 25 Oct 2021 07:15 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/179534 |
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