Zulvani, Rifkha (2019) Daya Saing Dan Faktor-Faktor Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Ekspor Teh Indonesia Di Pasar Internasional. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Perdagangan internasional terutama ekspor memiliki peran penting sebagai penggerak perekonomian nasional. Salah satu komoditas ekspor di Indonesia adalah komoditas teh. Pada tahun 2017 tercatat 71 negara yang menjadi pangsa pasar teh Indonesia atau sebesar 1,32% dari total teh dunia. FAO (2018) menyatakan bahwa selama periode 2007-2016, konsumsi teh rata-rata mengalami peningatan sebesar 4,5 persen per tahunnya. Besarnya permintaan komoditas teh di pasar internasional menjadikan suatu peluang bagi eksportir teh termasuk juga bagi Indonesia. Menurut Astuti (2018) globalisasi menuntut adanya persaingan yang ketat antar negara sehingga perlu upaya peningkatan terhadap daya saing produk domestik. Perdagangan teh Indoneisa di pasar internasional dituntut untuk menghadapi persaingan diantaranya negara Kenya, Sri Lanka, dan China, dimana tiga negara tersebut merupakan tiga eksportir teh terbesar di dunia. Penelitian ini digunakan untuk mengetahui perkembangan kinerja teh Indonesia, posisi daya saing teh Indonesia, dan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap ekspor teh Indonesia di pasar internasional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara pencatatan data sekunder dalam bentuk data runtut waktu periode 2008-2017. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengetahui perkembangan kinerja teh Indonesia adalah metode deskriptif. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis daya saing adalah Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA). Kemudian untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap volume ekspor teh Indonesia di pasar Internasional menggunakan metode Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Hasil analisis yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Selama periode 2008-2017, perkembangan luas area perkebunan teh, produksi, konsumsi, dan ekspor teh Indonesia menurun, sedangkan produktivitas teh di Indonesia meningkat; (2) Ekspor teh Indonesia, Kenya, Sri Lanka, dan China memiliki keunggulan komparatif. Trend nilai RCA ekspor teh Tahun 2008-2017 dari negara Indonesia, Kenya, dan Sri Lanka menurun, sedangkan trend nilai RCA negara China meningkat; (3) Volume ekspor teh Indonesia dalam jangka pendek dipengaruhi oleh volume ekspor teh bulan sebelumnya, harga ekspor teh Indonesia, harga ekspor teh China, dan nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap Dolar Amerika bulan sebelumnya secara negatif dan signifikan serta dipengaruhi oleh produksi teh Indonesia bulan sebelumnya secara positif dan signifikan. Sedangkan dalam jangka panjang, volume ekspor teh Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh harga ekspor teh Indonesia secara positif dan signifikan serta harga ekspor teh Kenya, harga ekspor teh Sri Lanka, harga ekspor teh China, dan nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap Dolar Amerika yang bersifat negatif signifikan. Dengan demikian, perlu adanya peremajaan dan intensifikasi tanaman teh khususnya pada perkebunan rakyat serta ekstensifikasi sehingga kinerja teh Indonesia dapat meningkat. Selain itu, dalam meningkatkan konsumsi domestik perlu adanya penyebarluasan informasi tentang manfaat mengkonsumsi teh. Peningkatan daya saing dan ekspor teh Indonesia dapat diupayakan denganii melakukan pengolahan produk teh menggunakan teknologi modern. Selain itu, para produsen teh perlu memperhatikan dan menyesuaikan standar kualitas produk yang di tetapkan oleh negara importir. Sehingga produk teh Indonesia memiliki nilai tinggi dan dapat diterima oleh para importir. Perdagangan teh Indonesia di pasar internasional juga memerlukan kegiatan promosi dan terus menjalin kerjasama dan kesepakatan perdagangan dengan para importir teh. Selain itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih mendalam mengenai faktor yang menyebabkan peningkatan daya saing dan ekspor teh negara lain seperti China sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan referensi dalam pengembangan perdagangan teh Indonesia.
English Abstract
International trade, especially exports have an important role as a driver of the national economy. One of the export commodities in Indonesia is tea commodity. In 2017 there were 71 countries which became the market share of Indonesian tea or 1.32% of the total world tea. FAO (2018) states that during the 2007-2016 period, tea consumption averaged 4.5 percent per year. The large demand for tea commodities in the international market makes an opportunity for tea exporters, including for Indonesia. According to Astuti (2018) globalization requires intense competition between countries so it needs efforts to increase the competitiveness of domestic products. The Indonesian tea trade in the international market is demanded to deal with them including Kenya, Sri Lanka and China, where the three countries are the three biggest tea exporters in the world. This research is used to determine the development of the performance of Indonesian tea, the position of competitiveness of Indonesian tea, and the factors that influence the export of Indonesian tea in the international market. Data collection is done by recording secondary data in the form of time series data for the period 2008-2017. The method used to determine the development of the performance of Indonesian tea is descriptive method. The method used to analyze competitiveness is Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA). Then to find out the factors that influence the volume of Indonesian tea exports on the international market using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) method. The results of the analysis carried out showed that: (1) During the period 2008-2017, the development of the area of tea plantations, production, consumption, and export of tea in Indonesia declined, while the productivity of tea in Indonesia increased; (2) Indonesia's, Kenya, Sri Lanka and China tea exports have comparative advantages. The trend of RCA value of tea exports in 2008- 2017 from Indonesia, Kenya and Sri Lanka decreased, while the trend of RCA value of China increased; (3) The volume of Indonesian tea exports in the short term is affected by the volume of tea exports in the previous month, the price of Indonesian tea exports, the price of Chinese tea exports, and the Rupiah exchange rate against the US Dollar the previous month is negatively and significantly affected by the production of Indonesian tea the previous month positive and significant. Whereas in the long run, the volume of Indonesian tea exports is influenced by the price of Indonesian tea exports positively and significantly as well as the prices of Kenyan tea exports, the export prices of Sri Lankan tea, the price of Chinese tea exports, and the Rupiah exchange rate against the US Dollar which is significantly negative. Therefore, there is a need for rejuvenation and intensification of tea plants, especially in smallholder plantations and extensification so that the performance of Indonesian tea can improve. In addition, in increasing domestic consumption it is necessary to disseminate information about the benefits of consuming tea. Increased competitiveness and export of Indonesian tea can be pursued by processing tea products using modern technology. In addition, tea producers neediv to pay attention and adjust the product quality standards set by the importing country. So that Indonesian tea products have high value and can be accepted by importers. The Indonesian tea trade in the international market also requires promotional activities and continues to forge cooperation and trade agreements with tea importers. In addition, more in-depth research needs to be done on the factors that cause an increase in the competitiveness and tea exports of other countries such as China so that it can be used as a reference material in the development of the Indonesian tea trade
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/907/052000915 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 382 International commerce (Foreign trade) > 382.6 Export trade |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agribisnis |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 02 Oct 2020 02:23 |
| Last Modified: | 25 Oct 2021 06:54 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/179082 |
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