Sitoresmi, Irma Galuh (2019) Identifikasi Spesimen Dan Analisis Keanekaragaman Brachyceran Fitofag, Hasil Koleksi Di Jambi. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas (TNBD) dan Hutan Harapan Jambi merupakan salah satu contoh hutan tropis di Indonesia yang masih tersisa dan memiliki kenakeragaman hayati tinggi. Namun pada kedua lanskap tersebut telah mengalami perubahan alih fungsi lahan menjadi perkebunan sawit dan perkebunan karet. Penelitian mengenai fungsi ekologis dan sosial ekonomi pada penggunaan lahan tropis yang telah mengalami konversi lahan di lanskap TNBD dan Hutan Harapan Jambi telah dilakukan oleh kelompok peneliti Ecological and Socioeconomic Function of Tropical Lowland Rainforest Transformation Systems (EFForTS) (Drescher et al., 2016). Perubahan alih fungsi lahan dapat berdampak pada penurunan keanekaragaman hayati diantaranya serangga. Keberadaan serangga pada suatu ekosistem merupakan salah satu indikator keseimbangan ekosistem. Dipteran dari Sub Ordo Brachycera atau kelompok lalat merupakan salah satu serangga yang tersebar luas di seluruh dunia dan dapat menyesuaikan diri pada berbagai habitat. Akan tetapi informasi mengenai keanekaragaman Dipteran dengan Sub Ordo Brachycera di Jambi belum tersedia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan identifikasi dan analisis keanekaragaman Dipteran hasil koleksi di Jambi dari penelitian EFForTS. Identifikasi spesimen Dipteran dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2018 hingga Mei 2019 di Laboratorium Pengendalian Hayati, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Identifikasi Dipteran berdasarkan karakter dan morfologi menggunakan kunci identifikasi Manual of Neartic Diptera dan Pengenalan Pelajaran Serangga. Pengambilan sampel serangga dari proyek EFForTS dilakukan pada musim kemarau yaitu bulan Maret sampai September 2013 dan musim hujan bulan September hingga Maret 2014 di lanskap TNBD dan Hutan Harapan. Di kedua lanskap terdapat empat jenis penggunaan lahan yaitu hutan, hutan karet, perkebunan karet dan perkebunan sawit. Pengambilan sampel serangga yang dilakukan peneliti EFForTS (Drescher et al., 2016) dengan teknik pengasapan (fogging) di pagi hari menggunakan insektisida piretroid ke kanopi pohon target yang terdiri dari 3 pohon setiap subplot dengan keseluruhan 96 pohon target. Setelah 60 menit pengasapan, serangga yang jatuh pada wadah dimasukkan ke dalam botol koleksi dan diberi label sesuai dengan plot dan subplot serta tanggal pengambilan sampel. Data yang didapat dari hasil identifikasi ditabulasi menggunakan Microsoft Excell 2013. Keanekeragaman brachyceran dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam dan komposisi spesies dianalisis menggunakan uji kemiripan. Dari hasil identifikasi pada musim hujan dan kemarau didapatkan keanekaragaman brachyceran fitofag yaitu 1865 individu yang terdiri dari 15 famili dan 191 morfospesies. Keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan morfopesies brachyceran fitofag lebih banyak ditemukan di lanskap TNBD pada musim hujan yaitu 683 individu yang terdiri dari 9 famili dan 87 morfospeises. Brachyceran fitofag paling banyak ditemukan pada tipe penggunaan lahan hutan dan terendah perkebunan sawit. Sedangkan di lanskap Hutan Harapan brachyceran fitofagvii lebih banyak ditemukan pada musim hujan yaitu 645 individu yang terdiri dari 12 famili dan 68 morfospesies. Brachyceran fitofag tertinggi ditemukan pada tipe penggunaan lahan hutan alami dan terendah pada perkebunan sawit. Kemiripian komposisi morfopsesies brachyceran fitofag tertinggi pada musim hujan di lanskap TNBD sejumlah 0.43%. Pada kedua lanskap ditemukan morfospesies dominan yaitu Neoscinella sp.04 sejumlah , Homoneura sp.01, dan Neoscinella sp.02, yang merupakan famili Chloropidae dan Lauxaniidae.
English Abstract
Bukit Duabelas National Park (TNBD) and Harapan Forest in Jambi are some of the tropical forests in Indonesia that remain and have high biodiversity. However, both landscapes undergo a transformation in land use to oil palm and rubber plantations. Research on ecological and socioeconomic functions in tropical land use that has undergone land conversion in the TNBD landscape and Harapan Forest in Jambi was conducted by the research group Ecological and Socioeconomic Function of Tropical Lowland Rainforest Transformation Systems (EFForTS) (Drescher et al., 2016). Transformation in land use can have an impact on biodiversity, including the biodiversity of insects. The presence of insects in an ecosystem is one indicator of the balance of the ecosystem. Dipteran from the Brachycera Sub Order or flies cluster is one of the insects that is widespread throughout the world and can adapt to various habitats. However, information about the diversity of Dipteran in the Brachycera Sub Order in Jambi is not yet available. Therefore, this study aims to identify and analyze the collection of Dipteran diversity in Jambi from the EFForTS study. Dipteran specimens were identified from December 2018 to May 2019 at the Biological Control Laboratory, Bogor Agricultural University. The dipteran identification is based on character and morphology using the identification key of the Manual of Nearctic Diptera and Introduction to Insect Learning. Insect sampling of the EFForTS project was carried out in the dry season from March to September 2013 and the rainy season from September to March 2014 in the TNBD and Harapan Forest landscapes. Both landscapes have four types of land use, including forest, rubber forest, rubber plantation, and oil palm plantation. Insect sampling was carried out by EFForTS researcher (Drescher et al., 2016) using fogging method in the morning using pyrethroid insecticides to the target tree canopy consisting of three trees per subplot with a total of 96 target trees. After 60 minutes of fumigation, the insects that fell into the container were put into a collection bottle and labelled according to the plot and subplot and the sampling date. Data obtained from the identification results were tabulated using Microsoft Excel 2013. Brachyceran diversity was analyzed using analysis of variance, while species composition was analyzed using similarity tests. The results of identification in the rainy and dry seasons show that the diversity of phytophagous brachycera was 1865 individuals consisting of 15 families and 191 morphospecies. Diversity and abundance of phytophagous brachycera morphospecies are more commonly found in the TNBD landscape in the rainy season, which is 683 individuals consisting of 9 families and 87 morphospecies. Phytophagous brachycera is most commonly found in the type of forest land and at least in oil palm plantations. In the Harapan Forest landscape, the phytophagous brachycera is more common in the rainy season, with 645 individuals consisting of 12 families and 68 morphospecies. It is most commonly found in the type of natural forest land and at least in oil palm plantations. The similarity of the composition of the morphospecies of the phytophagous brachycera was highest in the rainy season in the TNBD landscape of 0.43%. In both landscapes, the dominant morphospecies is Neoscinella sp.04, Homoneuraix sp.01, and Neoscinella sp.02, which are classified in the family of Chloropidae and Lauxaniidae.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | SKR/FP/2019/833/051910463 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.4 Soil science > 631.47 Soil and land-use surveys |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 02 Oct 2020 02:20 |
| Last Modified: | 25 Oct 2021 06:26 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/179012 |
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